Sikandar Ccnp Notes 1v3o1m

[email protected]

Identifies attached networks participating in EIGRP. Router(config-router)#network network-id [wildcard-mask] Defining the interface’s bandwidth for the purposes of sending routing update traffic Router(config) # interface serial 0/0 Router(config-if)# bandwidth

Configuring EIGRP for IP

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840

Using the Wildcard Mask in EIGRP

ing EIGRP R1#show ip EIGRP neighbors R1#show ip route EIGRP R1#show ip protocols R1#show ip EIGRP interfaces

EIGRP Route Summarization: Automatic

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Purpose: Smaller routing tables, smaller updates

Automatic summarization: · On major network boundaries, subnetworks are summarized to a single classful (major) network. · Automatic summarization occurs by default.

EIGRP Route Summarization: Manual Manual summarization has the following characteristics: • Summarization is configurable on a per-interface basis in any router within a network. • When summarization is configured on an interface, the router immediately creates a route pointing to null0. • When the last specific route of the summary goes away, the summary is deleted. • The minimum metric of the specific routes is used as the metric of the summary route.

Turns off automatic summarization for the EIGRP process Router(config-router)#no auto-summary To Creates a summary address that this interface will generate. Router(config-if)# ip summary-address EIGRP

<subnetmask> Manually Summarizing EIGRP Routes

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[email protected] 91 - 9985048840

EIGRP Load Balancing Routes with lowest equal metric are installed in the routing table (equal-cost load balancing) There can be up to sixteen entries in the routing table for the same destination: The number of entries is configurable The default is four EIGRP Unequal-Cost Load Balancing Allows the router to include routes with a metric smaller than the multiplier value times the metric of successor · Variance is configured for unequal cost load balancing ·

Variance is the multiplier to FD of successor

·

Default is 1(equal cost load balancing)

·

Router(config-router)# variance <multiplier>

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[email protected] 91 - 9985048840

• • •

Router E chooses router C to get to network Z, because it has lowest FD of 20. With a variance of 2, router E chooses router B to get to network Z (20 + 10 = 30) < [2 * (FD) = 40]. Router D is never considered to get to network Z (because 25 > 20).

EIGRP BANDWIDTH UTILIZATION EIGRP uses up to 50% of bandwidth by default; this bandwidth utilization can be changed -The command to change the percentage of bandwidth used by EIGRP is Router(config-if)#ip bandwidth-percent EIGRP

CONFIGURING THE IP DEFAULT-NETWORK COMMAND FOR EIGRP

CONFIGURING EIGRP AUTHENTICATION

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Many routing protocols authentication such that a router authenticates the source of each routing update packet that it receives. • Simple authentication is ed by: – IS-IS – OSPF – RIPv2 • MD5 authentication is ed by: – OSPF – RIPv2 – BGP – EIGRP Simple vs. MD5 Authentication • Simple authentication: – Router sends packet and key. – Neighbor checks whether key matches its key. – Process not secure. • MD5 authentication: – Configure a key () and key ID; router generates a message digest, or hash, of the key, key ID and message. – Message digest is sent with packet; key is not sent. – Process OS secure. EIGRP MD5 Authentication • EIGRP s MD5 authentication. • Router generates and checks every EIGRP packet. Router authenticates the source of each routing update packet that it receives. • Configure a key () and key ID; each participating neighbor must have same key configured. • Router generates a message digest, or hash, of the key, key ID, and message. • EIGRP allows keys to be managed using key chains. • Specify key ID (number), key, and lifetime of key. • First valid activated key, in order of key numbers, is used. •

To implement EIGRP authentication, first create a plan: • Look at the current configuration to determine the AS number and interfaces where it will be configured. • Decide the authentication type. (For EIGRP this must be MD5.) • Decide the key strings, and how many keys will be used. • Optionally decide the key lifetimes.

To configure the router for EIGRP authentication, follow these steps: Step 1. Configure a key chain to group the keys. Step 2. Configure one or more keys within that key chain. The router checks all inbound packets against the list of keys and uses the first valid one it finds. Step 3. Configure the or authentication string for that key. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 to add more keys if desired.

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Step 4. Optionally configure a lifetime for the keys within that key chain. If you do this, be sure that the time is synchronized between the two routers. Step 5. Enable authentication and assign a key chain to an interface. Step 6. Designate MD5 as the type of authentication.

To Enters configuration mode for the keychain Router(config)# key chain < name-of-chain> Identifies key and enters configuration mode for the keyid Router(config-keychain)# key Identifies key string () Router(config-keychain-key)# key-string To Specifies MD5 authentication for EIGRP packets Router(config-if)# ip authentication mode EIGRP md5 Enables authentication of EIGRP packets using key in the keychain Router(config-if)#ip authentication key-chain EIGRP < AS no >

ing MD5 Authentication R1#show ip EIGRP neighbors R1#debug EIGRP packets R1#show key chain

Example: Configuring EIGRP Authentication Router(config)# key chain RTR_Auth Router(config-keychain)# key 1 Router(config-keychain-key)# key-string mykey Router(config-keychain-key)# send-lifetime 10:15:00 300 Router(config-keychain-key)# accept-lifetime 10:00:00 10:05:00 ! Router(config)# interface s1/0 Router(config-if)# ip authentication mode EIGRP 10 md5 Router(config-if)# ip authentication key-chain EIGRP 10 RTR_Auth ing MD5 Authentication R1#show ip EIGRP neighbors R1#debug EIGRP packets R1#show key chain Customizing the EIGRP Configuration EIGRP Scalability Four factors influence EIGRP’s scalability:

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 1. 2. 3. 4.

The number of routes that must be exchanged The number of routers that must know of a topology change The number of alternate routes to a network The number of hops from one end of the network to the other (topology depth)

To improve scalability, summarize routes when possible, try to have a network depth of no more than seven hops, and limit the scope of EIGRP queries. EIGRP Stub · Stub routing is one way to limit queries. A stub router is one that is connected to no more than two neighbors and should never be a transit router. · The EIGRP stub routing feature improves network stability, reduces resource utilization, and simplifies remote router (spoke) configuration. · Stub routing is commonly used in a hub-and-spoke topology. · A stub router sends a special peer information packet to all neighboring routers to report its status as a stub router. · A neighbor that receives a packet informing it of the stub status does not query the stub router for any routes. Configuring EIGRP Stub Router(config-router)# EIGRP stub [receive-only|connected|static|summary] · · · ·

receive-only: Prevents the stub from sending any type of route. connected: Permits stub to send connected routes (may still need to redistribute). static: Permits stub to send static routes (must still redistribute). summary: Permits stub to send summary routes.

Default is connected and summary.

Active Process Enhancement

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 The Active Process Enhancement enables routers to use SIA-Queries and SIA-Replies to prevent the loss of a neighbor unnecessarily during SIA conditions. A router sends its neighbor a SIA-Query after no reply to a normal query. If the neighbor responds with a SIA-Reply, the router does not terminate the neighbor relationship after 3 minutes, because it knows the neighbor is available. Graceful Shutdown Graceful shutdown is another feature that speeds network convergence. Whenever the EIGRP process is shut down, the router sends a “goodbye” message to its neighbors. Ironically, the goodbye message is sent in a “hello” packet. The neighbors can then immediately recalculate any paths that used the router as the next hop, rather than waiting for the hold timer to expire. ive Interface The ive-interface command prevents either routing updates or hello messages from being sent out an interface. RIP does not send updates when it enabled; EIGRP and OSPF do not send hellos, and thus they don’t discover neighbors or form an adjacency out that interface. To disable the protocol on one interface, use the routing protocol configuration command ive-interface interface. To turn off the protocol on all interfaces, use ive-interface default. You can then use no ive-interface interface for the ones that should run the protocol, as shown here: Router(config)# router EIGRP 7 Router(config-router)# ive-interface default Router(config-router)# no ive-interface s1/0 Unicast Neighbors EIGRP usually uses a multicast to IP address 224.0.0.10 for its messages. You can configure it to use a unicast address instead with the routing protocol configuration command neighbor ip-address. The IP address must be in the same subnet as one of the router’s own interfaces.

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Summary • • •

• • • •

•

• •

•

•

• • • •

• • •

EIGRP capabilities include fast convergence and for VLSM, partial updates, and multiple network layer protocols. EIGRP key technologies are neighbor discovery/recovery, RTP, DUAL finite-state machine, and PDMs. EIGRP uses three tables: neighbor table, topology table, and routing table. The routing table contains the best route to each destination, called the successor route. A feasible successor route is a backup route to a destination; it is kept in the topology table. EIGRP uses the same metric components as IGRP: delay, bandwidth, reliability, load, and MTU. By default, EIGRP metric equals bandwidth (slowest link) plus delay (sum of delays). EIGRP metrics are backward-compatible with IGRP; the EIGRP-equivalent metric is the IGRP metric multiplied by 256. The configuration commands for basic EIGRP include: – router EIGRP autonomous-system – network network-number [wildcard-mask] – bandwidth kilobits The optional wildcard-mask parameter in the network command is an inverse mask used to determine how to interpret the network-number parameter. A wildcard bit of 0 is a match and of 1 is “don’t care.” Create and a default route in an EIGRP AS with the ip default-network network-number command. Use the show ip EIGRP neighbors command to that the router recognizes its neighbors. Use the show ip route EIGRP command to that the router recognizes routes from its neighbors. Use the show ip protocols, show ip EIGRP interfaces, show ip EIGRP neighbors, show ip EIGRP topology, and show ip EIGRP traffic commands to EIGRP operations. EIGRP performs automatic network-boundary summarization, but s can disable automatic summarization and perform manual route summarization on an interface-by-interface basis. Summarizing routes creates smaller routing tables. Use the no auto-summary command to disable automatic summarization. Use the ip summaryaddress EIGRP command to create a summary address. EIGRP performs equal-cost load balancing by default for up to four paths (up to six paths can be ed). Use the variance command to configure unequal-cost load balancing. EIGRP uses up to 50 percent of the bandwidth of an interface by default. Because of the inherent differences in the operational characteristics of WAN links, this default may not be the best option for all WAN links. Use the ip bandwidth-percent EIGRP command to configure EIGRP bandwidth use across WAN links. There are two types of router authentication: simple and MD5. When EIGRP authentication is configured, the router generates and checks every EIGRP packet and authenticates the source of each routing update packet that it receives. EIGRP s MD5 authentication.

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•

• •

• • •

• •

•

To configure MD5 authentication, use the ip authentication mode EIGRP and ip authentication key-chain interface commands. The key chain must also be configured, starting with the key chain command. Use debug EIGRP packets to and troubleshoot MD5 authentication. Factors that affect network scalability include these: – Amount of information exchanged between neighbors – Number of routers – Depth of the topology – Number of alternate paths through the network When a route is lost and no feasible successor is available, queries are sent to all neighboring routers on all interfaces. The EIGRP stub command is used to enable the stub routing feature, which improves network stability, reduces resource utilization, and simplifies stub router configuration. After a route goes active and the query sequence is initiated, it can only come out of the active state and move to ive state when it receives a reply for every generated query. If the router does not receive a reply to all the outstanding queries within 3 minutes (the default time), the route goes to the SIA state. The active process enhancement feature enables an EIGRP router to monitor the progression of the search for a successor route so that neighbor relationships are not reset unnecessarily. With graceful shutdown, a goodbye message is broadcast when an EIGRP routing process is shut down, to inform adjacent peers about the impending topology change. Features such as stub routing, active process enhancement, and graceful shutdown help improve network stability and performance.

For successful neighbor relationship there are few attributes must match between EIGRP enabled routers. 1. AS number must match. 2. Authentication must match 3. K values must match 4. MTU & network / subnet mask must match.

EIGRP Authentication only MD5

EIGRP neighbors Steps for Troubleshooting EIGRP 1) connectivity (ping , IP , MASK ,) 2) ments 3) mismatch of any of the a. AS NO

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 b. K- values c. Authentication

Sh ip EIGRP neighbors Sh ip protocols Sh run Sh run int fa0/0

Debug eigrp packets

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 LAB -1 EIGRP SUMMARIZATION

TASK – 1.1 Basic MENTS R1 Conf t router EIGRP `100 network 10.0.00.0 network 1.0.0.0 R2 router EIGRP 100 network 20.0.0.0 network 2.0.0.0 network 1.0.0.0 exit

R3 router EIGRP 100 net 30.0.0.0 net 2.0.0.0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 net 13.0.0.0 exit

R-1#sh ip route C D D C C C C C D D

1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1/0 2 0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:33, Serial1/0 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:33, Serial1/0 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets 11.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 11.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 11.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 11.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 13.0.0.0/8 [90/2809856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:06, Serial1/0 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:12, Serial1/0

R-1#sh ip route EIGRP D 2.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:03:28, Serial1/0 D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:03:28, Serial1/0 D 13.0.0.0/8 [90/2809856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:59, Serial1/0 D 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:03:05, Serial1/0

Same way you can on R2

.

R-1#sh ip route EIGRP D D D D

2.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:03:28, Serial1/0 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:03:28, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/8 [90/2809856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:59, Serial1/0 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:03:05, Serial1/0

13.0.0.0 network is auto summarized. By default ( as EIGRP, RIPV2 and BGP do auto summary by default ) TASK – 1.2 disable auto-summary on all routers R-X(config)#router EIGRP 100 R-X(config-router)#no auto-summary

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 R-1#sh ip route EIGRP D 2.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:06:09, Serial1/0 D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:06:09, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets D 13.0.1.0 [90/2809856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:13, Serial1/0 D 13.0.0.0 [90/2809856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:13, Serial1/0 D 13.0.3.0 [90/2809856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:13, Serial1/0 D 13.0.2.0 [90/2809856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:13, Serial1/0 D 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:05:46, Serial1/0

Al l the routes gets d individually

TASK -1. 3 Here the requirement is that I want R3 to perform manual summarization of above networks as (13.0.00.0/22 after calculation) when it sends to R2 R3 int s1/0 ip summary-address EIGRP 100 13.0.0.0 255.255.252.0 R-1#sh ip route EIGRP D 2.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:10:19, Serial1/0 D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:10:19, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 13.0.0.0 [90/2809856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:22, Serial1/0 D 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:09:56, Serial1/0

Task – 1.4 1) the loopbacks of R2 and R1 in EIGRP 100 2) Configure manual summarization when they send those routes to other routers

R1 router EIGRP 100 net 11.0.0.0 no au no auto-summary exit R2

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 router EIGRP 100 network 12.0.0.0 no auto-summary exit R-3#sh ip route EIGRP D 1.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 2.2.2.1, 00:13:33, Serial1/0 D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 2.2.2.1, 00:13:33, Serial1/0 D 10.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 2.2.2.1, 00:13:33, Serial1/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets D 11.0.3.0 [90/2809856] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:56, Serial1/0 D 11.0.2.0 [90/2809856] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:56, Serial1/0 D 11.0.1.0 [90/2809856] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:56, Serial1/0 D 11.0.0.0 [90/2809856] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:56, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets D 12.0.0.0 [90/2297856] via 2.2.2.1, 00:01:25, Serial1/0 D 12.0.1.0 [90/2297856] via 2.2.2.1, 00:01:25, Serial1/0 D 12.0.2.0 [90/2297856] via 2.2.2.1, 00:01:25, Serial1/0 D 12.0.3.0 [90/2297856] via 2.2.2.1, 00:01:25, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks D 13.0.0.0/22 is a summary, 00:03:59, Null0

R-1#sh ip route EIGRP D 2.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:14:21, Serial1/0 D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:14:21, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets D 12.0.0.0 [90/2297856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:50, Serial1/0 D 12.0.1.0 [90/2297856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:50, Serial1/0 D 12.0.2.0 [90/2297856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:50, Serial1/0 D 12.0.3.0 [90/2297856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:50, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 13.0.0.0 [90/2809856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:04:24, Serial1/0 D 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:13:58, Serial1/0 Task – 1.5 Configure manual summarization when they send those routes to other routers R1 ( applying manual Summarization) int s1/0 ip summary-address EIGRP 100 11.0.0.0 255.255.252.0 exit

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 R-2#sh ip route EIGRP D 10.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 1.1.1.1, 00:16:07, Serial1/0 11.0.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 11.0.0.0 [90/2297856] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:29, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 13.0.0.0 [90/2297856] via 2.2.2.2, 00:06:10, Serial1/1 D 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 2.2.2.2, 00:15:44, Serial1/1

R2 ( applying manual Summarization) int s1/0 ip summary-address EIGRP 100 12.0.0.0 255.255.252.0 int s1/1 ip summary-address EIGRP 100 12.0.0.0 255.255.252.0

R-1#sh ip route EIGRP D 2.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:17:26, Serial1/0 D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:17:26, Serial1/0 11.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks D 11.0.0.0/22 is a summary, 00:01:49, Null0 12.0.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 12.0.0.0 [90/2297856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:41, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 13.0.0.0 [90/2809856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:07:29, Serial1/0 D 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:17:03, Serial1/0

R-3#sh ip route EIGRP D 1.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 2.2.2.1, 00:17:18, Serial1/0 D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 2.2.2.1, 00:17:18, Serial1/0 D 10.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 2.2.2.1, 00:17:18, Serial1/0 11.0.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 11.0.0.0 [90/2809856] via 2.2.2.1, 00:02:04, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 12.0.0.0 [90/2297856] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:51, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks D 13.0.0.0/22 is a summary, 00:07:44, Null0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Lab- 2 DEFAULT ROUTE IN EIGRP

1) BASIC ADV R1 router EIGRP 100 no auto-summary net 10.0.0.0 net 1.0.0.0 exit R2 En Conf t router EIGRP 100 no auto-summary net 20.0.0.0 net 1.0.0.0 net 2.0.0.0 exit R3 router EIGRP 100 no auto-summary

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 net 2.0.0.0 exit

note : 30.1.1.1 and all 13.0.0.0 network loopbacks act as internet routes in our example

R-2#sh ip EIGRP neighbors IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100 H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num 1 2.2.2.2 Se1/1 14 00:00:19 54 324 0 3 0 1.1.1.1 Se1/0 14 00:00:31 39 351 0 3

2) Configure a Default route on R2 (head office )to

reach internet routes

R-2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 R-2#sh ip route C C C D

1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1/0 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1/1 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 10.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 1.1.1.1, 00:01:51, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 12.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 12.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 12.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 12.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 2.2.2.2

R-2#ping 13.0.0.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/22/36 ms R-2#ping 30.1.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 30.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/31/52 ms

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 (R2)Head office can reach internet but the branch office cannot as there is no default route configured for internet in Branch office ( R1) . R-1#ping 13.0.0.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: ..... Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) No routes for 13.0.0.0 in the routing table R-1#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C D D C C C C C

1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1/0 2.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:51, Serial1/0 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:51, Serial1/0 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets 11.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 11.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 11.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 11.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

R-1#sh ip route EIGRP D 2.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:05:26, Serial1/0 D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:05:26, Serial1/0

3) In order to Provide internet access to branch offices (R1 ) to reach internet routes through head office we need to the 2.0.0.0 network in EIGRP updates with the command R-2#conf t R-2(config)#ip default-network 2.0.0.0

R-1#sh ip route EIGRP D* 2.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:22, Serial1/0 D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:06:06, Serial1/0 R-1#ping 13.0.0.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/50/92 ms

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 R-1#ping 30.1.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 30.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/48/84 ms

RIP default routing in RIPv2

· ·

R1 and R2 basic ments R2 ( head office ) configure a default route

R1 router rip ver 2 net 10.0.0.0 net 1.0.0.0 no auto-summary exit R2

router rip

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 ver 2 net 20.0.0.0 net 1.0.0.0 no auto-summary exit ip route 0.0.0.0 0.00.0.0 2.2.2.2

R2#sh ip route C C C R

1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:03, Serial0/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 12.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 12.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 12.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 12.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 2.2.2.2

R1#sh ip route C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 R 20.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:09, Serial0/0 C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 11.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 C 11.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 11.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 11.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

Here we need to the default route to all branch offices in the RIP so that they can access internet through head office R2 router rip default-information originate

R1#sh ip route C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 R 20.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:06, Serial0/0 C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 11.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 C 11.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 11.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 11.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 R* 0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:06, Serial0/0

R1#ping 13.0.0.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/98/292 ms R1#traceroute 13.0.0.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 13.0.0.1 1 1.1.1.2 68 msec 152 msec 4 msec 2 2.2.2.2 128 msec * 92 msec

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 DEFAULT ROUTE IN OSPF

Task : 1 Basic ments according to diagram

R1 Router ospf 1 Network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 Network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R2 Router ospf 1 Network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 Network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 Network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 R3 Router ospf 1 Network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Task – 2 Configure a Default route on R2 (head office )to

reach internet routes

R2 ( head office) conf t ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 2.2.2.2

Task – 3 the default to all the other routers in OSPF R2 ( head office) router ospf 1 default-information originate

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EIGRP Load balancing -------------------When a router learns a same route from different neighbors with the same metric it install both the routes in the routing table and does load balancing, this is called equal cost load balancing. Note:- It does equal cost load balancing automatically. whereas unequal cost is not automatic. For unequal cost load balancing we need to enable "variance" ------------------------------------------------------

Lab – : EIGRP LOAD BALANCING

TASK - 1

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Basic ments On All routers R1 En Conf t router EIGRP 100 no auto-summary net 10.0.0.0 net 1.0.0.0 net 4.0.0.0 exit R2 En Conf t router EIGRP 100 no auto-summary net 20.0.0.0 net 1.0.0.0 net 2.0.0.0 exit

R3 En Conf t router EIGRP 100 no auto-summary net 30.0.0.0 net 2.0.0.0 net 3.0.0.0 exit

R4 En Conf t router EIGRP 100 no auto-summary net 40.0.0.0 net 3.0.0.0 net 4.0.0.0 exit R-1#sh ip EIGRP neighbors

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100 H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num 1 4.4.4.1 Se1/1 12 00:00:11 77 462 0 9 0 1.1.1.2 Se1/0 12 00:00:11 62 372 0 11

R-1#sh ip route EIGRP D D D D D

2.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:36, Serial1/0 3.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 4.4.4.1, 00:00:36, Serial1/1 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:36, Serial1/0 40.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 4.4.4.1, 00:00:36, Serial1/1 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 4.4.4.1, 00:00:36, Serial1/1 [90/2684416] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:36, Serial1/0

Both routes are in the routing table means it is using both the routes to send any packet to 30.1.1.1 (R3) R-1#sh ip EIGRP topology IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(11.0.3.1) Codes: P - ive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply, r - reply Status, s - sia Status P 1.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2169856 via Connected, Serial1/0 P 2.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2681856 via 1.1.1.2 (2681856/2169856), Serial1/0 P 3.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2681856 via 4.4.4.1 (2681856/2169856), Serial1/1 P 4.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2169856 via Connected, Serial1/1 P 10.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 28160 via Connected, FastEthernet0/0 P 20.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2172416 via 1.1.1.2 (2172416/28160), Serial1/0 P 30.0.0.0/8, 2 successors, FD is 2684416 via 1.1.1.2 (2684416/2172416), Serial1/0 via 4.4.4.1 (2684416/2172416), Serial1/1 P 40.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2172416 via 4.4.4.1 (2172416/28160), Serial1/1

R-1#sh interfaces s1/0 Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is M4T Internet address is 1.1.1.1/8

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 by default EIGRP do equal cost load balancing R-1#traceroute 30.1.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 30.1.1.1 1 4.4.4.1 52 msec 1.1.1.2 24 msec 4.4.4.1 36 msec 2 2.2.2.2 76 msec 3.3.3.1 56 msec Task -2 : change the BW to 1000 Kbps on any of the

R1 interface

R-1(config)#int s1/0 R-1(config-if)#bandwidth ? <1-10000000> Bandwidth in kilobits R-1(config-if)#bandwidth 1000 R-1#sh ip route EIGRP D 2.0.0.0/8 [90/3193856] via 4.4.4.1, 00:00:28, Serial1/1 D 3.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 4.4.4.1, 00:00:28, Serial1/1 D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/3074560] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:28, Serial1/0 D 40.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 4.4.4.1, 00:08:11, Serial1/1 D 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 4.4.4.1, 00:00:28, Serial1/1 R-1#sh ip EIGRP topology IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(11.0.3.1) Codes: P - ive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply, r - reply Status, s - sia Status P 1.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 3072000 via Connected, Serial1/0 P 2.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 3193856 via 4.4.4.1 (3193856/2681856), Serial1/1 via 1.1.1.2 (3584000/2169856), Serial1/0 P 3.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2681856 via 4.4.4.1 (2681856/2169856), Serial1/1 P 4.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2169856 via Connected, Serial1/1

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 P 10.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 28160 via Connected, FastEthernet0/0 P 20.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2172416 via 1.1.1.2 (3074560/28160), Serial1/0 P 30.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2684416 via 4.4.4.1 (2684416/2172416), Serial1/1 via 1.1.1.2 (3586560/2172416), Serial1/0 P 40.0.0.0/8, 1 successors, FD is 2172416 via 4.4.4.1 (2172416/28160), Serial1/1

EIGRP also s unequal cost load balancing. But it has to be done manually using variance. Variance is a multiplier value (1 – 128) The routes which can go for load balancing should satisfy the condition cost of successor X variance > cost of the other routes to be used for load balancing

cost ofsuccessor via 4.4.4.1 (2684416/2172416), Serial1/1 cost of second routes to be used for load balancing via 1.1.1.2 (3586560/2172416), Serial1/0 select the variance value cost of successor X variance > cost of the other routes to be used for loadbalancing 2684416 X ------- > 3586560 The variance to be used here is 2 to satisfy the condition

R-1(config)#router EIGRP 100 R-1(config-router)#variance 2 R-1#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "EIGRP 100" Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Default networks flagged in outgoing updates Default networks accepted from incoming updates EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 EIGRP maximum hopcount 100 EIGRP maximum metric variance 2 Redistributing: EIGRP 100

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R-1#sh ip route EIGRP D 2.0.0.0/8 [90/3193856] via 4.4.4.1, 00:00:56, Serial1/1 [90/3584000] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:56, Serial1/0 D 3.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 4.4.4.1, 00:00:56, Serial1/1 D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/3196416] via 4.4.4.1, 00:00:56, Serial1/1 [90/3074560] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:56, Serial1/0 D 40.0.0.0/8 [90/2172416] via 4.4.4.1, 00:00:56, Serial1/1 D 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2684416] via 4.4.4.1, 00:00:56, Serial1/1 [90/3586560] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:56, Serial1/0

Note : IT WILL DO load balancing for all the routes which satisfy the condition

R-1#traceroute 30.1.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 30.1.1.1 1 4.4.4.1 40 msec 1.1.1.2 20 msec 4.4.4.1 52 msec 2 2.2.2.2 32 msec 3.3.3.1 60 msec

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 OSPF OSPF Features · Open standard (IETF) · SPF or Dijkstra algorithm · Link-state routing protocol · Classless · s FLSM, VLSM, CIDR and Manual summary · Incremental / triggered updates · Updates are sent as multicast (224.0.0.5 & 224.0.0.6) · Metric = Cost (cost = 108/bandwidth in bps) · istrative distance = 110 · Load balancing via 4 equal cost paths by default (unequal cost load balancing not ed) · Auto Neighbor discovery · Hierarchical network design · Sends periodic updates, known as link-state refresh, for every 30 minutes · Maintains similar database on all the routers within an area Router ID is used to identify each router Router ID · Highest IP address on Active Physical Interface · More preference is given to logical interface (if configured) · Highest preference is for Router ID command

Configuring Router ID Router(config-router)#router-id

Link-State Data Structures •Neighbor Table

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 –Also known as the adjacency database –Contains list of directly connected routers (neighbors) •Database Table –Typically referred to as LSDB ( link state database) –Contains information about all the possible routes to the networks with in the area •Routing Table –Contains list of best paths to each destination

OSPF SEVEN STAGE PROCESS

1) Establishing Bidirectional Communication

2) Discovering the Network Routes

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3) Adding the Link-State Entries

Link-State Data Structure: Network Hierarchy Link-state routing can have hierarchical network This two-level hierarchy consists of the following: – Transit area (backbone or area 0) – Regular areas (nonbackbone areas)

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Issue of Maintaining of large OSPF network

OSPF Multi Area

OSPF Database

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OSPF Metric calculation OSPF metric is not defined in standards. Every vendor uses different formula to calculate metric OSPF Metric in Cisco = Cost= 108/ Bandwidth in bps Ex:

Serial link64 Kbpscost 1544 Kbps cost 2000 Kbps cost Ethernet10 Mbpscost FastEthernet100 Mbps cost Gigabit Ethernet(1000 Mbps) cost

1562 64 48 10 1 1

OSPF Packet Type 1. Hello 2. Database Description 3. Link –State Request 4. Link –State Update 5. Link –State Ack OSPF Packet Header Format

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OSPF Neighbor relationship

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LS Data Structures: LSA Operation

OSPF Network Types

Adjacency Behavior for a Point-to-Point Link · A point-to-point link is a single pair of routers. · Serial line configured with PPP or HDLC protocol. · No DR or BDR election is required · OSPF auto detects this type of link.

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Broadcast Multi Access •Topology like Ethernet and Token Ring is BMA. •DR and BDR Election is required. •OSPF detects this type of link automatically

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Designated Router &Backup Designated Router •The router having highest priority is DR •The router with second-highest priority is BDR •The default priority value is 1 •In the case of a tie, router with highest router ID is DR second highest router ID becomes the BDR •If router priority is 0 it cannot become the DR or BDR •Router which is not a DR or BDR is called as DROTHER •DR & BDR election is not preemptive

DR/BDR Elections Neighbors DR/BDR →DROTHER → Full DROTHER → DR/BDR → Full DROTHER → DROTHER → 2 Way Updates DROTHER → DR/BDR → 224.0.0.6 DR → DROTHER → 224.0.0.5

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NBMA •Links like Frame relay, ATM and X.25. •OSPF considers NBMA as other broadcast media. •NBMA is not always full-mesh •DR BDR election depends on type of connection

NBMA Types

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Type of OSPF Routers

OSPF Summarization Benefit Of Route Summarization •Minimizes number of routing table entries •Localizes the impact of a topology change •Reduces LSA 3 and 5 flooding and saves U resources Before Route Summarization

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After Route Summarization

Types Of LSA

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LSA Type 1: Router LSA · generated by the internal router · One Router LSA (type 1) for every router in an area · Includes list of directly attached links · Identified by the router ID of the originating router · Floods within its area only; does not cross the ABR · "O" routes in the routing table ·

LSA Type 2: Network LSA · · · · ·

One Network (type 2) LSA for each transit broadcast or NBMA network in an area (happens in broadcast networks ) Includes Network ID, subnet mask and list of attached routers on that transit link d by the DR of the transit network (DR --> other ( LSA2)) Floods within its area only; does not cross ABR "O" routes

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LSA Type 3: Summary LSA · sending updates from one area to another area( 0 IA routes in the routing table) · contains network ID and subnet mask · d by the ABR of originating area · Regenerated by subsequent ABRs to flood throughout the autonomous system. · By default, routes are not summarized and there is one type 3 LSA for every subnet

LSA Type 4: Summary LSA · · · ·

ASBR Summary (type 4) LSAs are used to Router ID of ASBR to all routers in other areas present in autonomous system They are generated by the ABR of the originating area They are regenerated by all subsequent ABRs to flood throughout the autonomous system Type 4 LSAs contain only the router ID of the ASBR

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LSA Type 5: External LSA · · · · · · ·

External (type 5) LSAs are used to networks learned from other autonomous systems(ASBR external routes (redistributed routes) in to the OSPF) Type 5 LSAs are d and owned by the originating ASBR (generated by the ASBR) Type 5 LSAs flood throughout the autonomous system The advertising router ID (ASBR) is unchanged throughout the autonomous system Type 4 LSA is needed to identify ASBR By default, routes are not summarized by ASBR oE1 / oE2 routes

LSA- 6 o ·

used in multicast routing (MOSPF routing protocol) Multicast LSA (Cisco routers don’t )

Types of Routes

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E2 --- will not add the individual metric ( it remains same metric for al l the routers ) Default for external routes

E1 ---- will add the individual metric ( it changes as move from router to router )

R4(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets metric 250 me R4(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets metric 250 metric-type ? 1 Set OSPF External Type 1 metrics 2 Set OSPF External Type 2 metrics

Default Routes in OSPF •OSPF can send Default Route in update •A default route is sent as an external LSA type (O*E2) •Static Default Route needs to be defined in Originating router Router(config)#iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.0 <ExitInt/next-hop-IP> Router(config-router)#default-informationoriginate

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OSPF Special Area

Stub and Totally Stubby Area Rules · There should not be an ASBR in the area · The area should not be Area 0 · No virtual links must through the area · There should be a single ABR (recommended)

Using Stub Areas •External LSAs are stopped ( E1 and E2 routes) •Default route is d into stub area by the ABR •All routers in stub area must be configured as stub

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Stub Area Configuration Configuring Stub command on all router in the area Router(config-router)#area<area-id>stub

Using Totally Stubby Areas · External LSAs are stopped ( E1 and E2) · Summary LSAs are stopped ( OIA routes ) · Routing table is reduced to a minimum · All routers in stub area must be configured as stub · ABR of stub area must be configured as totally stubby · This is a Cisco proprietary feature

Totally Stubby Configuration Configuring all routers of Totally Stubby Area Router(config-router)#area<area-id> stub Configuring Area Border Router of Totally Stubby AreaRouter

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 (config-router)#area<area-id> stubno-summary

Not-So-Stubby Areas · NSSA breaks stub area rules · ASBR is allowed in NSSA · Special LSA type 7 defined, sent by ASBR · ABR converts LSA type 7 to LSA type 5 · ABR does not send default route into NSSA by default · NSSA is an RFC addendum

NSSA Area Configuration Configuring NSSA command on all router in the area Router(config-router)#area<area-id>nssa

Totally Not-So-Stubby Areas •Totally NSSA Does not accepts summary and external LSAs •By default, Default Route is d by ABR of Totally NSSA

Totally NSSA Area Configuration Configuring NSSA command on all router in the area Router(config-router)#area<area-id>nssa Configuring NSSA command on ABR router in the area Router(config-router)#area<area-id>nssano-summary

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OSPF Virtual Link •Virtual links are used to connect a discontiguous area to area 0 •A logical connection is built between routers •Virtual links are recommended for backup or temporary connections

Configuring Virtual Links Router(config-router)#area<area-id>virtual-link

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LAB -2.1 BASIC OSPF IMPLEMENTATION IN MULTIPLE AREAS

TASK -1

OSPF BASIC MENTS

R1

router ospf 1 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 10 network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 10 end R2 router ospf 1 network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 10

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R2(config-router)# *Mar 1 00:04:22.903: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 11.0.3.1 on Serial0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done R3 router ospf 1 network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 network 3.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20

*Mar 1 00:06:18.079: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 12.0.3.1 on Serial0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R4

router ospf 1 network 40.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20 network 3.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20 end

R1#sh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State 12.0.3.1 0 FULL/ -

Dead Time Address Interface 00:00:31 1.1.1.2 Serial0/0

R1#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "ospf 1" Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Router ID 11.0.3.1 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Maximum path: 4 Routing for Networks: 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 10 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 10

Router ID ( here it takes the highest IP of loopback interface )

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R2#sh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State 13.0.3.1 0 FULL/ 11.0.3.1 0 FULL/ -

Dead Time Address Interface 00:00:30 2.2.2.2 Serial0/1 00:00:33 1.1.1.1 Serial0/0





R2#sh ip ospf database OSPF Router with ID (12.0.3.1) (Process ID 1) Router Link States (Area 0) Link ID 12.0.3.1 13.0.3.1

ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count 12.0.3.1 321 0x80000004 0x00EC4B 3 13.0.3.1 315 0x80000004 0x00C06B 3 Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID 1.0.0.0 3.0.0.0 10.0.0.0 40.0.0.0

ADV Router Age 12.0.3.1 429 13.0.3.1 311 12.0.3.1 419 13.0.3.1 226

Seq# Checksum 0x80000001 0x007774 0x80000001 0x005494 0x80000001 0x006672 0x80000001 0x00D5E3

Router Link States (Area 10) Link ID 11.0.3.1 12.0.3.1

ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count 11.0.3.1 433 0x80000003 0x003813 3 12.0.3.1 427 0x80000002 0x00BDAF 2 Summary Net Link States (Area 10)

Link ID

ADV Router

Age

Seq#

Checksum

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 2.0.0.0 3.0.0.0 20.0.0.0 30.0.0.0 40.0.0.0

12.0.3.1 12.0.3.1 12.0.3.1 12.0.3.1 12.0.3.1

434 310 437 320 228

0x80000001 0x006A80 0x80000001 0x00DFC9 0x80000001 0x0061AD 0x80000001 0x006163 0x80000001 0x006119

R1#sh ip ospf database OSPF Router with ID (11.0.3.1) (Process ID 1) Router Link States (Area 10) Link ID 11.0.3.1 12.0.3.1

ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count 11.0.3.1 505 0x80000003 0x003813 3 12.0.3.1 504 0x80000002 0x00BDAF 2 Summary Net Link States (Area 10)

Link ID 2.0.0.0 3.0.0.0 20.0.0.0 30.0.0.0 40.0.0.0

ADV Router Age 12.0.3.1 508 12.0.3.1 384 12.0.3.1 508 12.0.3.1 393 12.0.3.1 302

Seq# Checksum 0x80000001 0x006A80 0x80000001 0x00DFC9 0x80000001 0x0061AD 0x80000001 0x006163 0x80000001 0x006119

R1#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "ospf 1" Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Router ID 11.0.3.1 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Maximum path: 4 Routing for Networks: 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 10 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 10

TASK - 2 Router ID ( it takes the highest IP of loopback interface if configured ) But its preferable to manually configure Router-ID. Let’s say Here I want to change the Router-id (manually)

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#router-id 11.1.1.1 Reload or use "clear ip ospf process" command, for this to take effect R1 already have the router id and it already established so u need to re enale the neighbor ship R1#clear ip ospf process Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: yes R1#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "ospf 1" Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Router ID 11.1.1.1

Task – 3 Change the Router-ID of as R2 R3 R4

22.2.2.2 33.3.3.3 44.4.4.4

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 REDISTRIBUTION

Task – 1 Basic adv According to Diagram

R1 router rip ver 2 network 11.0.0.0 no auto-summary exit router EIGRP 100 network 1.0.0.0 network 10.0.0.0 no auto-summary exit R2 router EIGRP 100 network 1.0.0.0 no auto-summary

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 exit router ospf 1 network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 exit R3 router ospf 1 network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 exit

router rip ver 2 net 3.0.0.0 no auto-summary exit

R4 router rip ver 2 network 3.0.0.0 network 40.0.0.0 no auto-summary exit router EIGRP 100 network 14.0.0.0 no auto-summary exit

R2#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C C C D

1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 10.0.0.0/8 [90/2195456] via 1.1.1.1, 00:03:08, Serial0/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 12.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 12.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 12.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 C 12.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 O 30.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 2.2.2.2, 00:01:40, Serial0/1

R3#sh ip route C C O R C C C C C

2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 20.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 2.2.2.1, 00:02:53, Serial0/0 40.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:23, Serial0/1 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets 13.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 13.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 13.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 13.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 30.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R4#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1/0 C 4.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1/1 C 40.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 14.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 14.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 C 14.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 14.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

From the above outputs we can see that the router only learns the routes from coming from the same protocols So In order to the routes between different protocols we need to redistribution. Redistribution is the process of translating the routes from one protocol to another protocol There are some rules need to follow which doing redistribution: · The router where redistribution is done should be running both protocols on at least one interface · You may also need to change the metric according to protocol in which you do redistribution

Task – 2

Redistributing RIP in to EIGRP

R1(config)#router EIGRP 100

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 R1(config-router)#re R1(config-router)#redistribute rip ? metric Metric for redistributed routes route-map Route map reference R1(config-router)#redistribute rip metric ? <1-4294967295> Bandwidth metric in Kbits per second

R1(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 1000 ? <0-4294967295> EIGRP delay metric, in 10 microsecond units R1(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 1000 20000 ? <0-255> EIGRP reliability metric where 255 is 100% reliable R1(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 1000 20000 255 ? <1-255> EIGRP Effective bandwidth metric (Loading) where 255 is 100% loaded R1(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 1000 20000 255 1 ? <1-65535> EIGRP MTU of the path R1(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 1000 20000 255 1 1500

Note: Recommended to use the metric values near to defaults .

R2#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C C C D

1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 10.0.0.0/8 [90/2195456] via 1.1.1.1, 00:10:23, Serial0/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets D EX 11.0.3.0 [170/8192000] via 1.1.1.1, 00:02:26, Serial0/0 D EX 11.0.2.0 [170/8192000] via 1.1.1.1, 00:02:26, Serial0/0 D EX 11.0.1.0 [170/8192000] via 1.1.1.1, 00:02:26, Serial0/0 D EX 11.0.0.0 [170/8192000] via 1.1.1.1, 00:02:26, Serial0/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 12.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 12.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 12.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 12.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 · 30.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 2.2.2.2, 00:08:56, Serial0/1

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DEx D

EIGRP ( external routes) EIGRP routes

AD value = 170 AD value = 90

Here u can see the routes from RIP gets redistributed in EIGRP on R1 and they area learned on R2 as EIGRP external routes task – 3

EIGRP into OSPF

R2 R2(config)#router ospf 1 R2(config-router)#redistribute EIGRP 100 % Only classful networks will be redistributed

R2(config-router)#redistribute EIGRP 100 ? metric Metric for redistributed routes metric-type OSPF/IS-IS exterior metric type for redistributed routes route-map Route map reference subnets Consider subnets for redistribution into OSPF tag Set tag for routes redistributed into OSPF

R2(config-router)#redistribute EIGRP 100 subnets R3#sh ip route O E2 1.0.0.0/8 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:02:42, Serial0/0 C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 2.2.2.1, 00:16:57, Serial0/0 R 40.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:07, Serial0/1 O E2 10.0.0.0/8 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:02:42, Serial0/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E2 11.0.3.0 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:01:24, Serial0/0 O E2 11.0.2.0 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:01:24, Serial0/0 O E2 11.0.1.0 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:01:24, Serial0/0 O E2 11.0.0.0 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:01:24, Serial0/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 13.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 13.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 13.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 C 13.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 30.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 By default ospf uses default metric of 20 for external routes (redistributed routes in to ospf)

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If u want to use other than default metric R2(config-router)#redistribute EIGRP 100 subnets metric 1000

R3#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set O E2 1.0.0.0/8 [110/1000] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:03, Serial0/0 C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 2.2.2.1, 00:17:44, Serial0/0 R 40.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:27, Serial0/1 O E2 10.0.0.0/8 [110/1000] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:03, Serial0/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E2 11.0.3.0 [110/1000] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:03, Serial0/0 O E2 11.0.2.0 [110/1000] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:03, Serial0/0 O E2 11.0.1.0 [110/1000] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:03, Serial0/0 O E2 11.0.0.0 [110/1000] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:03, Serial0/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 13.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 13.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 13.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 C 13.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 30.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

Task – 4

OSPF IN TO RIP

R4 # s how ip route C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 C 4.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 C 40.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 14.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 14.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 C 14.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 14.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

No routes being learned here as different protocols are used

R3

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 router rip redistribute ospf 1 metric 5

R4#sh ip route R R C C R C R R R R R C C C C R

1.0.0.0/8 [120/5] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:00, Serial0/0 2.0.0.0/8 [120/5] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:00, Serial0/0 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 4.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 20.0.0.0/8 [120/5] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:00, Serial0/0 40.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 10.0.0.0/8 [120/5] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:00, Serial0/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets 11.0.3.0 [120/5] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:00, Serial0/0 11.0.2.0 [120/5] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:00, Serial0/0 11.0.1.0 [120/5] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:00, Serial0/0 11.0.0.0 [120/5] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:00, Serial0/0 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets 14.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 14.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 14.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 14.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 30.0.0.0/8 [120/5] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:05, Serial0/0

TASK – 5 Check for routes from R4 coming on R1 or not R1#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 C 4.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 11.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 C 11.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 11.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 11.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 No routes coming from R4 because the redistribution has to be done mutual ( both sides)

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Task – 6

Redistributing EIGRP in to RIP

R4 router rip redistribute EIGRP 100 metric 10 R3#sh ip route O E2 1.0.0.0/8 [110/1000] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:46, Serial0/0 C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 2.2.2.1, 00:26:27, Serial0/0 R 40.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:25, Serial0/1 O E2 10.0.0.0/8 [110/1000] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:46, Serial0/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E2 11.0.3.0 [110/1000] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:46, Serial0/0 O E2 11.0.2.0 [110/1000] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:46, Serial0/0 O E2 11.0.1.0 [110/1000] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:46, Serial0/0 O E2 11.0.0.0 [110/1000] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:46, Serial0/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 13.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 13.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 13.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 C 13.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets R 14.0.2.0 [120/10] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:00, Serial0/1 R 14.0.3.0 [120/10] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:00, Serial0/1 R 14.0.0.0 [120/10] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:00, Serial0/1 R 14.0.1.0 [120/10] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:00, Serial0/1 C 30.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

Task – 7

Redistributing RIP in to OSPF

R3 router ospf 1 redistribute rip subnets metric 2500

R2#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 O E2 3.0.0.0/8 [110/2500] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:07, Serial0/1 C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O E2 40.0.0.0/8 [110/2500] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:07, Serial0/1 D 10.0.0.0/8 [90/2195456] via 1.1.1.1, 00:28:48, Serial0/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets D EX 11.0.3.0 [170/8192000] via 1.1.1.1, 00:20:51, Serial0/0 D EX 11.0.2.0 [170/8192000] via 1.1.1.1, 00:20:51, Serial0/0 D EX 11.0.1.0 [170/8192000] via 1.1.1.1, 00:20:51, Serial0/0 D EX 11.0.0.0 [170/8192000] via 1.1.1.1, 00:20:51, Serial0/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 12.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 12.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 12.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 12.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E2 14.0.2.0 [110/2500] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:09, Serial0/1 O E2 14.0.3.0 [110/2500] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:09, Serial0/1 O E2 14.0.0.0 [110/2500] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:09, Serial0/1 O E2 14.0.1.0 [110/2500] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:09, Serial0/1 O 30.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 2.2.2.2, 00:27:21, Serial0/1

Task – 8

REDISTRIBUTING OSPF IN TO EIGRP

R2 router EIGRP 100 redistribute ospf 1 metric 1544 2000 255 1 1500

R1#sh ip route C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 D EX 2.0.0.0/8 [170/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/0 D EX 3.0.0.0/8 [170/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/0 C 4.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 D EX 20.0.0.0/8 [170/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/0 D EX 40.0.0.0/8 [170/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/0 C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 11.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 C 11.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 11.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 11.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets D EX 14.0.2.0 [170/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:18, Serial0/0 D EX 14.0.3.0 [170/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:18, Serial0/0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 D EX 14.0.0.0 [170/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:18, Serial0/0 D EX 14.0.1.0 [170/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:18, Serial0/0 D EX 30.0.0.0/8 [170/2681856] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:18, Serial0/0 R1# R1#ping 14.0.0.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 14.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/228/448 ms

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 OSPF SUMMARIZATION

Task -1

Basic ment according to diagram

R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#net 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 area 10

Note: IN order to ments of all the interfaces in area 10 even you can use the above method also. R2 router ospf 1 net 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 10 net 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 net 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R3 router ospf 1 network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 network 3.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20 R4

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router rip version 2 network 14.0.0.0 no auto-summary exit

router ospf 1 network 3.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20 network 40.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20

Task -2

redistribute RIP in to OSPF with metric of 250

R4 router ospf 1 redistribute rip subnets metric 250

R3#sh ip route ospf O IA 1.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.1, 00:02:13, Serial0/0 O IA 4.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 2.2.2.1, 00:02:13, Serial0/0 O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 2.2.2.1, 00:02:13, Serial0/0 O 40.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 3.3.3.2, 00:01:06, Serial0/1 O IA 10.0.0.0/8 [110/138] via 2.2.2.1, 00:02:13, Serial0/0 11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O IA 11.0.2.1 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:02:13, Serial0/0 O IA 11.0.3.1 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:02:13, Serial0/0 O IA 11.0.0.1 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:02:13, Serial0/0 O IA 11.0.1.1 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:02:13, Serial0/0 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E2 14.0.2.0 [110/250] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:56, Serial0/1 O E2 14.0.3.0 [110/250] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:56, Serial0/1 O E2 14.0.0.0 [110/250] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:56, Serial0/1 O E2 14.0.1.0 [110/250] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:56, Serial0/1

R2#sh ip route ospf O IA 3.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:14, Serial0/1 O 4.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:14, Serial0/0 O IA 40.0.0.0/8 [110/138] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:14, Serial0/1 O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:14, Serial0/0 11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 O O O O

11.0.2.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:14, Serial0/0 11.0.3.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:14, Serial0/0 11.0.0.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:14, Serial0/0 11.0.1.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:14, Serial0/0 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E2 14.0.2.0 [110/250] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:01, Serial0/1 O E2 14.0.3.0 [110/250] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:01, Serial0/1 O E2 14.0.0.0 [110/250] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:01, Serial0/1 O E2 14.0.1.0 [110/250] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:01, Serial0/1 O 30.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:14, Serial0/1

Note : for external routes in Ospf Default metric - 20 , metric-type - E2 Here we changed the metric to 250

R1#sh ip route ospf O IA 2.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 1.1.1.2, 00:09:32, Serial0/0 O IA 3.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 1.1.1.2, 00:07:39, Serial0/0 O IA 20.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 1.1.1.2, 00:09:22, Serial0/0 O IA 40.0.0.0/8 [110/202] via 1.1.1.2, 00:06:39, Serial0/0 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E2 14.0.2.0 [110/250] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial0/0 O E2 14.0.3.0 [110/250] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:22, Serial0/0 O E2 14.0.0.0 [110/250] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:22, Serial0/0 O E2 14.0.1.0 [110/250] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:22, Serial0/0 O IA 30.0.0.0/8 [110/138] via 1.1.1.2, 00:07:49, Serial0/0

There are two types of OSPF external routes ( E1 and E2) E2 --- will not add the individual metric ( it remains same metric for al l the routers ) Default for external routes

E1 ---- will add the individual metric ( it changes as move from router to router ) ( add some diagram)

Task -3

Change the metric-type to E1 so that it can add add the individual metrics.

R4(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets metric 250 me R4(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets metric 250 metric-type ? 1 Set OSPF External Type 1 metrics 2 Set OSPF External Type 2 metrics

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 R4(config-router)#no redistribute rip subnets metric 250 R4(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets metric 250 metric-type 1

R3#sh ip route ospf O IA 1.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 O IA 4.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 O 40.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 3.3.3.2, 00:07:18, Serial0/1 O IA 10.0.0.0/8 [110/138] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O IA 11.0.2.1 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 O IA 11.0.3.1 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 O IA 11.0.0.1 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 O IA 11.0.1.1 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E1 14.0.2.0 [110/314] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:04, Serial0/1 O E1 14.0.3.0 [110/314] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:04, Serial0/1 O E1 14.0.0.0 [110/314] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:04, Serial0/1 O E1 14.0.1.0 [110/314] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:04, Serial0/1 R2#sh ip route ospf O IA 3.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.2, 00:01:27, Serial0/1 O 4.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 1.1.1.1, 00:01:27, Serial0/0 O IA 40.0.0.0/8 [110/138] via 2.2.2.2, 00:01:27, Serial0/1 O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 1.1.1.1, 00:01:27, Serial0/0 11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O 11.0.2.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:01:27, Serial0/0 O 11.0.3.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:01:27, Serial0/0 O 11.0.0.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:01:27, Serial0/0 O 11.0.1.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:01:27, Serial0/0 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E1 14.0.2.0 [110/378] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/1 O E1 14.0.3.0 [110/378] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/1 O E1 14.0.0.0 [110/378] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/1 O E1 14.0.1.0 [110/378] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/1 O 30.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 2.2.2.2, 00:01:27, Serial0/1

R1#sh ip route ospf O IA 2.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 1.1.1.2, 00:10:40, Serial0/0 O IA 3.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 1.1.1.2, 00:08:47, Serial0/0 O IA 20.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 1.1.1.2, 00:10:30, Serial0/0 O IA 40.0.0.0/8 [110/202] via 1.1.1.2, 00:07:47, Serial0/0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E1 14.0.2.0 [110/442] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:33, Serial0/0 O E1 14.0.3.0 [110/442] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:33, Serial0/0 O E1 14.0.0.0 [110/442] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:33, Serial0/0 O E1 14.0.1.0 [110/442] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:33, Serial0/0 O IA 30.0.0.0/8 [110/138] via 1.1.1.2, 00:08:57, Serial0/0

Here you can see the routers are adding the individual metrics in E1 Note : IN OSPF summarization can be done only on ABR or ASBR § §

Task – 4

If ospf routes need to be summarized can be done on ABR If external routes to be summarized can be done on ASBR

SUMMARIZE 11.0.0.0 NETWORKS ON R1( ABR )

R3#sh ip route ospf O IA 1.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 O IA 4.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 O 40.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 3.3.3.2, 00:07:18, Serial0/1 O IA 10.0.0.0/8 [110/138] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O IA 11.0.2.1 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 O IA 11.0.3.1 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 O IA 11.0.0.1 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 O IA 11.0.1.1 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:08:25, Serial0/0 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E1 14.0.2.0 [110/314] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:04, Serial0/1 O E1 14.0.3.0 [110/314] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:04, Serial0/1 O E1 14.0.0.0 [110/314] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:04, Serial0/1 O E1 14.0.1.0 [110/314] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:04, Serial0/1 R1 ( ABR) router ospf 1 area 10 range 11.0.0.0 255.255.252.0

R3#sh ip route ospf O IA 1.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.1, 00:16:30, Serial0/0 O IA 4.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 2.2.2.1, 00:16:30, Serial0/0 O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 2.2.2.1, 00:16:30, Serial0/0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 O 40.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 3.3.3.2, 00:15:22, Serial0/1 O IA 10.0.0.0/8 [110/138] via 2.2.2.1, 00:16:30, Serial0/0 11.0.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 11.0.0.0 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:16, Serial0/0 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E1 14.0.2.0 [110/314] via 3.3.3.2, 00:08:09, Serial0/1 O E1 14.0.3.0 [110/314] via 3.3.3.2, 00:08:09, Serial0/1 O E1 14.0.0.0 [110/314] via 3.3.3.2, 00:08:09, Serial0/1 O E1 14.0.1.0 [110/314] via 3.3.3.2, 00:08:09, Serial0/1

Task – 5

SUMMARIZE 14.0.0.0 ON R4 ( ASBR)

R4 ( ASBR) router ospf 1 summary-address 14.0.0.0 255.255.252.0 R3#sh ip route ospf O IA 1.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.1, 00:17:37, Serial0/0 O IA 4.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 2.2.2.1, 00:17:37, Serial0/0 O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 2.2.2.1, 00:17:37, Serial0/0 O 40.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 3.3.3.2, 00:16:29, Serial0/1 O IA 10.0.0.0/8 [110/138] via 2.2.2.1, 00:17:37, Serial0/0 11.0.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 11.0.0.0 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:01:23, Serial0/0 14.0.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets O E1 14.0.0.0 [110/314] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/1

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 OSPF VIRTUAL-LINKS

TASK -1 remove the previous lab routing configurations En Conf t No ip routing Ip routing

TASK -2 Configure the basic ments according to diagram and configure the router ID also R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#router-id 11.1.1.1 R1(config-router)#network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 10 R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20 R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20 R2 R2(config)#router ospf 1

Page 96 of 182

[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 R2(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 area 20

R3 router ospf 1 router-id 33.3.3.3 network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20 network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20 network 3.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 R4 R4(config)#router ospf 1 R4(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 area 0

R4#sh ip route ospf O IA 1.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:13, Serial0/0 O IA 2.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:13, Serial0/0 O IA 20.0.0.0/8 [110/138] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:13, Serial0/0 O IA 10.0.0.0/8 [110/202] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:13, Serial0/0 12.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O IA 12.0.1.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:13, Serial0/0 O IA 12.0.0.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:13, Serial0/0 O IA 12.0.3.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:13, Serial0/0 O IA 12.0.2.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:13, Serial0/0 O IA 30.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 3.3.3.1, 00:00:13, Serial0/0 No routes from 11.0.0.0 as it belongs to area 10 which is not directly connected to area 0

Solution: But I can connect AREA 10 to AREA 0 virtually over AREA 20 (virtual area) TASK – 3 Configure a virtual- link between AREA 10 and Area 0 ( through Area 20 )

R1 Sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "ospf 1" Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Router ID 11.1.1.1

R3 # Sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "ospf 1" Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Router ID 33.3.3.3 Note : router-ID before you configure virtual link as it is dependent on Router – ID ( preferable manual Router-ID as it will not change )

R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#area 20 virtual-link 33.3.3.3

There is a virtual link through area 20 and from R1 to R3 (33.3.3.3 of remote border router R3) R3 R3(config)#router ospf 1 R3(config-router)#area 20 virtual-link 11.1.1.1

There is a virtual link through area 20 and from R3 to R1 (11.1.1. router-ID of remote border router R1) R3#sh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State 11.1.1.1 0 FULL/ 14.0.3.1 0 FULL/ 12.0.3.1 0 FULL/ -

Dead Time Address Interface 1.1.1.1 OSPF_VL0 00:00:31 3.3.3.2 Serial0/1 00:00:34 2.2.2.1 Serial0/0


Dead Time Address Interface 2.2.2.2 OSPF_VL0 00:00:36 1.1.1.2 Serial0/0

R4#sh ip route ospf O IA 1.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 3.3.3.1, 00:13:26, Serial0/0 O IA 2.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 3.3.3.1, 00:13:26, Serial0/0 O IA 20.0.0.0/8 [110/138] via 3.3.3.1, 00:13:26, Serial0/0 O IA 10.0.0.0/8 [110/202] via 3.3.3.1, 00:03:25, Serial0/0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O IA 11.0.2.1 [110/193] via 3.3.3.1, 00:03:25, Serial0/0 O IA 11.0.3.1 [110/193] via 3.3.3.1, 00:03:25, Serial0/0 O IA 11.0.0.1 [110/193] via 3.3.3.1, 00:03:25, Serial0/0 O IA 11.0.1.1 [110/193] via 3.3.3.1, 00:03:25, Serial0/0 12.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O IA 12.0.1.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.1, 00:13:26, Serial0/0 O IA 12.0.0.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.1, 00:13:26, Serial0/0 O IA 12.0.3.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.1, 00:13:26, Serial0/0 O IA 12.0.2.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.1, 00:13:26, Serial0/0 O IA 30.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 3.3.3.1, 00:13:26, Serial0/0

R1#sh ip ospf virtual-links Virtual Link OSPF_VL0 to router 33.3.3.3 is up Run as demand circuit DoNotAge LSA allowed. Transit area 20, via interface Serial1/0, Cost of using 128 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT, Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Hello due in 00:00:02 Adjacency State FULL (Hello suppressed) Index 1/2, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 0 First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Last retransmission scan length is 0, maximum is 0 Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

Page 99 of 182

[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 RIP authentication

Basic ments

router rip ver 2 network 0.0.0.0 no auto-summary end

RIP auth R1 Key chain CHAINR1 Key 1 Key-string cisco123

int s1/0 ip rip authentication mode md5 ip rip authentication key-chain CHAINR1

R2 Key chain CHAINR2 Key 1 Key-string cisco123

int s1/0

Page 100 of 182

[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 ip rip authentication mode md5 ip rip authentication key-chain CHAINR2

note : key no and the key string should be same on both routers

R1#sh key chain Key-chain CHAINR1: key 1 -- text "cisco123" accept lifetime (always valid) - (always valid) [valid now] send lifetime (always valid) - (always valid) [valid now] EIGRP AUTHENTICATION

R1 Conf t Key chain CHAINR1 Key 1 Key-string cisco123

int s1/0 ip authentication mode EIGRP 100 md5 ip authentication key-chain EIGRP 100 CHAINR1

R1#sh key chain Key-chain CHAINR1: key 1 -- text "cisco123" accept lifetime (always valid) - (always valid) [valid now] send lifetime (always valid) - (always valid) [valid now] R2

Page 101 of 182

[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Key chain CHAINR2 Key 1 Key-string cisco123

int s1/0 ip authentication mode EIGRP 100 md5 ip authentication key-chain EIGRP 100 CHAINR2

note : key no and the key string should be same on both routers ( if not they will not establish neighbor ship)

Page 102 of 182

[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 OSPF AUTHENTICATION OSPF s clear text and MD5 authentication:

Task -1 Basic ments R1 Router ospf 1 Network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 Network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 R2 Router ospf 1 Network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 Network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 Task –2 Both routers configure Clear text authentication

On Both routers int s1/0 ip ospf authentication ip ospf authentication-key cisco123

Task –3

Remove Clear text authentication int s1/0

Page 103 of 182

[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 no ip ospf authentication no ip ospf authentication-key cisco123

Task –4 use MD5 encrypted authentication Both routers for MD5 authentication int s1/0 ip ospf authentication message-digest ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 cisco123

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 OSPF STUBS

1. basic adv 2. redistribute rip in to ospf R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#net R1(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 area 10 R2 router ospf 1 network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 10 network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 network 12.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R3

router ospf 1 network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 network 13.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

Page 105 of 182

[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 network 3.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20 R4 router rip ver 2 network 14.0.0.0 no auto-summary end

router ospf 1 network 3.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20 network 40.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 20 redistribute rip subnets exit

R1#sh ip route ospf O IA 2.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:56, Serial0/0 O IA 3.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:54, Serial0/0 O IA 20.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 1.1.1.2, 00:03:04, Serial0/0 O IA 40.0.0.0/8 [110/202] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:13, Serial0/0 12.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O IA 12.0.1.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:56, Serial0/0 O IA 12.0.0.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:56, Serial0/0 O IA 12.0.3.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:56, Serial0/0 O IA 12.0.2.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:56, Serial0/0 13.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O IA 13.0.0.1 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:04, Serial0/0 O IA 13.0.1.1 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:04, Serial0/0 O IA 13.0.2.1 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:04, Serial0/0 O IA 13.0.3.1 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:04, Serial0/0 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E2 14.0.2.0 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:06, Serial0/0 O E2 14.0.3.0 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:06, Serial0/0 O E2 14.0.0.0 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:05, Serial0/0 O E2 14.0.1.0 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:05, Serial0/0 O IA 30.0.0.0/8 [110/138] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:04, Serial0/0

R1#ping 14.0.0.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 14.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!!

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 112/221/304 ms

CONFIGURE AREA 10 AS STUB On all the routers of the ospf area 10 ( R1,R2) the below command has to configured on R1 and R2 router ospf 1 area 10 stub

R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#area 10 stub

R2(config)#router ospf 1 R2(config-router)#area 10 stub

R1#sh ip route ospf O IA 2.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial0/0 O IA 3.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial0/0 O IA 20.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial0/0 O IA 40.0.0.0/8 [110/202] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial0/0 12.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O IA 12.0.1.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial0/0 O IA 12.0.0.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial0/0 O IA 12.0.3.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial0/0 O IA 12.0.2.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial0/0 13.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O IA 13.0.0.1 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial0/0 O IA 13.0.1.1 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial0/0 O IA 13.0.2.1 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial0/0 O IA 13.0.3.1 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial0/0 O IA 30.0.0.0/8 [110/138] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial0/0 O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial0/0

Here you can see all external routes replaces with a single default route and still you can reach routes on R4

R1#ping 14.0.0.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 14.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/145/324 ms

CONFIURE AREA 10 as TOTALLY STUB Remove the previous lab configs to move to next task on R1 and R2 router ospf 1 no area 10 stub

Configure area 10 totally stub R1#sh ip route ospf O IA 2.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:56, Serial0/0 O IA 3.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:54, Serial0/0 O IA 20.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 1.1.1.2, 00:03:04, Serial0/0 O IA 40.0.0.0/8 [110/202] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:13, Serial0/0 12.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O IA 12.0.1.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:56, Serial0/0 O IA 12.0.0.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:56, Serial0/0 O IA 12.0.3.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:56, Serial0/0 O IA 12.0.2.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:56, Serial0/0 13.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O IA 13.0.0.1 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:04, Serial0/0 O IA 13.0.1.1 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:04, Serial0/0 O IA 13.0.2.1 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:04, Serial0/0 O IA 13.0.3.1 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:04, Serial0/0 14.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E2 14.0.2.0 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:06, Serial0/0 O E2 14.0.3.0 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:06, Serial0/0 O E2 14.0.0.0 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:05, Serial0/0 O E2 14.0.1.0 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:05, Serial0/0 O IA 30.0.0.0/8 [110/138] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:04, Serial0/0

On Area border router ( R2) Router ospf 1 Area 10 stub no-summary On all the internal routers (R1)

Page 108 of 182

[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Router ospf 1 Area 10 stub

R1#sh ip route C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0 C 4.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/1 C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 11.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 C 11.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 11.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 11.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:01, Serial0/0

R1#sh ip route ospf O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:47, Serial0/0

All external ( E1/E2) and OIA routes replaced with single default route and you maintain connectivity still at a cost of reducing the size of routing table. R1#ping 14.0.0.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 14.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 72/174/364 ms

R1#ping 30.1.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 30.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/R1/292 ms

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 IPV6 IPV6 Address Types: UNICAST 1) Global unicast like public IP ( routable ) , 2000:: and 2001::

2) site local ( unique local) like private ip ( routable) , FC00:: , FD00::

3) link local default IPV6 address on every ipv6 enabled interface ( non routable ) FE80::

MULTICAST starts with FF00:: ANY CAST · ·

similar to multicast , identify multiple interfaces but sends to only one which ever it finds first. the above ( site local and Global unicast addresses can be used as anycast.

TASK -1 Configure IPv6 address according to scenario diagram R1 hostname R1

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 int fa0/0 ipv6 address fc00:11:11:11::1/64 no shutdown int s1/0 ipv6 address 2001:12:12:12::1/64 no shutdown clock rate 64000

R1#sh ipv6 int brief FastEthernet0/0 [up/up] FE80::2D0:FFFF:FED3:1701 FC00:11:11:11::1 FastEthernet0/1 [istratively down/down] S1/0 [down/down] FE80::207:ECFF:FEC3:501 2001:12:12:12::1

R2 hostname 222 int fa0/0 ipv6 address fc00:22:22:22::1/64 no shutdown int s1/0 ipv6 address 2001:12:12:12::2/64 no shutdown clock rate 64000

222#sh ipv6 int brief FastEthernet0/0 [up/up] FE80::204:9AFF:FEE7:BC01 FC00:22:22:22::2 FastEthernet0/1 [istratively down/down] S1/0 [up/up] FE80::290:CFF:FEA0:7801 2001:12:12:12::2

TASK – 2 ING STATELESS AUTO CONFIGURATION

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 R1(config)#int fa0/1 R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:1234:1234:1234::/64 eui-64 R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1#sh ipv6 int brief FastEthernet0/0 [up/up] FE80::2D0:FFFF:FED3:1701 FC00:11:11:11::1 FastEthernet0/1 [up/down] FE80::2D0:FFFF:FED3:1702 2001:1234:1234:1234:2D0:FFFF:FED3:1702 S1/0 [up/up] FE80::207:ECFF:FEC3:501 2001:12:12:12::1

TASK – 3 CONFIGURING STATIC ROUTING IN IPV6

R1(config)#ipv6 route fc00:22:22:22::/64 2001:12:12:12::2 Or R1(config)#ipv6 route fc00:22:22:22::/64 s1/0

222(config)#ipv6 route fc00:11:11:11::/64 2001:12:12:12::1 Or 222(config)#ipv6 route fc00:11:11:11::/64 s1/0 R1#sh ipv6 route C 2001:12:12:12::/64 [0/0] via ::, S1/0 L 2001:12:12:12::1/128 [0/0] via ::, S1/0 C FC00:11:11:11::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L FC00:11:11:11::1/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 S FC00:22:22:22::/64 [1/0] via 2001:12:12:12::2 L FF00::/8 [0/0]

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 via ::, Null0

222#sh ipv6 route C 2001:12:12:12::/64 [0/0] via ::, S1/0 L 2001:12:12:12::2/128 [0/0] via ::, S1/0 S FC00:11:11:11::/64 [1/0] via ::, S1/0 C FC00:22:22:22::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L FC00:22:22:22::2/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L FF00::/8 [0/0]

R1#ping fc00:22:22:22::2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to fc00:22:22:22::2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/a

TASK # 4 DEFAULT ROUTING Remove the static routing and configure default routing

R1(config)#ipv6 route 0::/0 2001:12:12:12::2 Or R1(config)#ipv6 route 0::/0 s1/0 ( exit interface of our router )

222(config)#ipv6 route 0::/0 2001:12:12:12::1 or 222(config)#ipv6 route 0::/0 s1/0

R1#sh ipv6 route S ::/0 [1/0] via 2001:12:12:12::2 C 2001:12:12:12::/64 [0/0]

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 via ::, S1/0 L 2001:12:12:12::1/128 [0/0] via ::, S1/0 C FC00:11:11:11::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L FC00:11:11:11::1/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0 222#sh ipv6 route S ::/0 [1/0] via ::, S1/0 C 2001:12:12:12::/64 [0/0] via ::, S1/0 L 2001:12:12:12::2/128 [0/0] via ::, S1/0 C FC00:22:22:22::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L FC00:22:22:22::2/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0 R1#ping fc00:22:22:22::2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to fc00:22:22:22::2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 3/4/6 ms

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 TASK # 5 Configuring RIPng IPv6 protocol

To enable ipv6 routing R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

IPv6 routing has to be enabled before using any dynamic routing protocols in IPv6. Two steps in Dynamic protocols in IPV6 : 1) Configure protocol 2) Enable protocol in interface instead of ments RIPNG both routers conf t ipv6 router rip CISCO exit int fa0/0 ipv6 rip CISCO enable exit int s1/0 ipv6 rip CISCO enable

R1#sh ipv6 protocols IPv6 Routing Protocol is "connected" IPv6 Routing Protocol is "static IPv6 Routing Protocol is "rip CISCO" Interfaces: FastEthernet0/0 S1/0 222#sh ipv6 protocols IPv6 Routing Protocol is "connected" IPv6 Routing Protocol is "static IPv6 Routing Protocol is "rip CISCO" Interfaces: FastEthernet0/0 S1/0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 R1#sh ipv6 route IPv6 Routing Table - 6 entries C 2001:12:12:12::/64 [0/0] via ::, S1/0 L 2001:12:12:12::1/128 [0/0] via ::, S1/0 C FC00:11:11:11::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L FC00:11:11:11::1/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 R FC00:22:22:22::/64 [120/1] via FE80::290:CFF:FEA0:7801, S1/0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0

222#sh ipv6 route C 2001:12:12:12::/64 [0/0] via ::, S1/0 L 2001:12:12:12::2/128 [0/0] via ::, S1/0 R FC00:11:11:11::/64 [120/1] via FE80::207:ECFF:FEC3:501, S1/0 C FC00:22:22:22::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L FC00:22:22:22::2/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0

R1#ping fc00:22:22:22::2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to fc00:22:22:22::2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 3/4/6 ms

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TASK # 6

Configuring OSPF V3

R1 ipv6 router ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 exit int fa0/0 ipv6 ospf 1 area 10 int s1/0 ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

R2

ipv6 router ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 exit

int fa0/0 ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 int s1/0 ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

EIGRP

ipv6 router EIGRP 100 router-id 1.1.1.1 no sh exit int fa0/0 ipv6 EIGRP 100 int s1/0 ipv6 EIGRP 100

ROUTE FILTERING

distribution list

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on all routers

R-(config)#router rip R-(config-router)#ver 2 R-(config-router)#net 0.0.0.0 R-(config-router)#no auto-summary R-(config-router)#end

R-2#sh ip route rip R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 R R R R R R R R R

11.0.3.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 11.0.2.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 11.0.1.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 11.0.0.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets 13.0.0.0 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1 13.0.1.0 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1 13.0.3.0 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1 13.0.2.0 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1 30.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1

Here the requirement is to deny 13.0.0.0/24 and 13.0.1.0/24 networks from being d to R2 R3 access-list 15 deny 13.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 15 deny 13.0.1.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 15 permit any router rip distribute-list 15 out s1/0

R-2#clear ip route * R-2#sh ip route rip R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets R 11.0.3.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 R 11.0.2.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 R 11.0.1.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 R 11.0.0.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets R 13.0.3.0 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1 R 13.0.2.0 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1 R 30.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1 You can see here the two networks (13.0.0.0/24 and 13.0.1.0/24 ) are no more in routing table

Remove the ACL and distribution list to move to next task R3 no access-list 15 router rip no distribute-list 15 out s1/0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Lets say the same task to be done using prefix-list Here the requirement is to deny 13.0.0.0/24 and 13.0.1.0/24 networks from being d to R2 Using prefix - list

prefix list

R-2#sh ip route rip R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets R 11.0.3.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 R 11.0.2.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 R 11.0.1.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 R 11.0.0.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets R 13.0.0.0 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1 R 13.0.1.0 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1 R 13.0.3.0 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1 R 13.0.2.0 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1 R 30.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1

R3 ip prefix-list CCNP deny 13.0.0.0/24 ip prefix-list CCNP deny 13.0.1.0/24 ip prefix-list CCNP permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 32 router rip distribute-list prefix CCNP out s1/0 R-2#clear ip route * R-2#sh ip route rip R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets R 11.0.3.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 R 11.0.2.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 R 11.0.1.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 R 11.0.0.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets R 13.0.3.0 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1 R 13.0.2.0 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1 R 30.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/1

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 You can see here the two networks (13.0.0.0/24 and 13.0.1.0/24 ) are no more in routing table

Remove the configurations done in the previous task to come to normal routing state.

Conf t No ip prefix-list CCNP router rip no distribute-list prefix CCNP out s1/0

OFFSET-LIST

Let’s say the requirement is to deny 13.0.0.0/24 and 13.0.1.0/24 networks from being d to R1 but R2 can receive it ( don’t use Distribution or prefix list ) . In such cases I can use one more filtering method called offset-list access-list 20 permit 13.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 20 permit 13.0.1.0 0.0.0.255 router rip offset-list 20 out 14 end Here the router R3 s those two networks with metric of 14 ( offset) . so the R2 gets metric 15. R1 receives with metric 16 (which means unreachable) R-2#sh ip route rip R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:05, Serial1/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets R 11.0.3.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:05, Serial1/0 R 11.0.2.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:05, Serial1/0 R 11.0.1.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:05, Serial1/0 R 11.0.0.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:05, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets R 13.0.1.0 [120/15] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:19, Serial1/1 R 13.0.0.0 [120/15] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:19, Serial1/1 R 13.0.3.0 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:19, Serial1/1 R 13.0.2.0 [120/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:19, Serial1/1

R-1#sh ip route rip R 2.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial1/0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 R 20.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets R 12.0.0.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial1/0 R 12.0.1.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial1/0 R 12.0.2.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial1/0 R 12.0.3.0 [120/1] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets R 13.0.3.0 [120/2] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial1/0 R 13.0.2.0 [120/2] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial1/0 R 30.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial1/0

You can see here the two networks (13.0.0.0/24 and 13.0.1.0/24 ) are no more in routing table of R1

NOTE : In case of EIGRP protocol, offset list used to change the metric of the routes specified

R-2(config)# router EIGRP 100 R-2(config-router)#offset-list 20 out ? <0-2147483647> Offset R-2(config-router)#offset-list 20 out 2000

IVE INTERFACE EIGRP and OSPF : don’t send any hello on the interface Means no neighbor ship will be established router EIGRP 100 ive-interface s1/0 {or } router ospf 1 ive-interface s1/0 RIPv2 ; only receive the routes but don’t send any routes on that interface router rip ive-interface s1/0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 ROUTE – MAPS

Remove all the routing configurations of the previous lab en conf t no ip routing ip routing

1)Basic Adv On routers (R1- - R2 )

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 En Conf t Router ospf 1 Net 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 area 0 Exit

R3 router ospf 1 network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 a 0 network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 a 0

router rip ver 2 network 13.0.0.0 no auto-summary exit

lets say here the requirement is · 13.0.0.0/24 should get redistributed in to ospf with metric = 2500 and metric-type default ( E2) · 13.0.1.0/24 and 13.0.2.0/24 should get redistributed in to ospf with metric = 5000 and metric-type == ( E1) · remaining networks should use defaults for ( metric and metric-type) ON R3 2) ACL ( TO MATCH THE NETWORKS ) access-list 25 permit 13.0.0.0 0.0.0.255

access-list 30 permit 13.0.1.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 30 permit 13.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 3) Route-Map which refers the ACL ( networks) and apply the specific values route-map CCNP permit 10 match ip address 25 set metric 2500 exit route-map CCNP permit 20 match ip add 30

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 set metric 5000 set metric-type type-1 exit

route-map CCNP permit 30 exit

4) REDISTRIBUTE WITH REFFERING TO ROUTE-MAP router ospf 1 redistribute rip subnets route-map CCNP end

R-3#sh route-map

R-2#sh ip route ospf O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:02:48, Serial1/0 11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets O 11.0.2.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:02:48, Serial1/0 O 11.0.3.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:02:48, Serial1/0 O 11.0.0.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:02:48, Serial1/0 O 11.0.1.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:02:48, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets O E1 13.0.1.0 [110/5064] via 2.2.2.2, 00:01:25, Serial1/1 O E2 13.0.0.0 [110/2500] via 2.2.2.2, 00:01:25, Serial1/1 O E2 13.0.3.0 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:01:25, Serial1/1 O E1 13.0.2.0 [110/5064] via 2.2.2.2, 00:01:25, Serial1/1 O 30.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 2.2.2.2, 00:02:48, Serial1/1

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 LAB 01 --IBGP NEIGHBORSHIP

R1 En Conf t router bgp 500 neighbor 1.1.1.2 remote-as 500 neighbor 4.4.4.1 remote-as 500

network 10.0.0.0 network 1.0.0.0 network 4.0.0.0 network 11.0.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0

(To with default mask value ex: 10.0.0.0/8 to with exact mask other than default like 11.0.0.0/24) no auto-summary no synchronization exit R2 router bgp 500 neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 500 neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 500 network 20.0.0.0 network 2.0.0.0 network 1.0.0.0 no auto-summary no synchronization end R3 router bgp 500 neighbor 2.2.2.1 remote-as 500 neighbor 3.3.3.2 remote-as 500 network 30.0.0.0 network 3.0.0.0 network 2.0.0.0 no auto-summary no synchronization end R4

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Router bgp 500 neighbor 3.3.3.1 remote-as 500 neighbor 4.4.4.2 remote-as 500 network 40.0.0.0 network 4.0.0.0 network 3.0.0.0 no auto-summary no synchronization exit

Aug 29 10:06:02.663: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 4.4.4.1 Up R-1#sh ip bgp summary Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 1.1.1.2 4 500 5 5 9 0 0 00:01:26 3 4.4.4.1 4 500 5 5 9 0 0 00:00:21 3

R-4#sh ip bgp Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 3.3.3.1 4 500 7 7 9 0 0 00:02:05 3 4.4.4.2 4 500 7 7 9 0 0 00:02:05 4

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 R-1#sh ip route bgp B 2.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 1.1.1.2, 00:03:00 B 3.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 4.4.4.1, 00:02:46 B 20.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 1.1.1.2, 00:03:00 B 40.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 4.4.4.1, 00:02:46 No network 30.0.0.0

R-2#sh ip route bgp B 3.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:03:46 B 4.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:03:51 B 10.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:03:51 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets B 11.0.0.0 [200/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:03:51 B 30.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:03:46 No network 40.0.0.0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 BGP SPLIT HORIZON RULE an update send by one IBGP neighbor should not be send back to another IBGP neighbor to avoid loops solution : 1) full mesh neighbor ship (means every router should be a neighbor of every other router with in the AS.)

·

IBGP neighbors need not to be directly connected

R1 Router bgp 500 Neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 500 R2 Router bgp 500 Neighbor 3.3.3.2 remote-as 500 R3 Router bgp 500 Neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 500 R4 Router bgp 500 Neighbor 2.2.2.1 remote-as 500 R-1#sh ip bgp summary Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 1.1.1.2 4 500 20 20 11 0 0 00:16:29 3 2.2.2.2 4 500 3 5 11 0 0 00:00:09 3 4.4.4.1 4 500 20 20 11 0 0 00:15:24 3

R-1#sh ip route bgp B 2.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 1.1.1.2, 00:16:19 B 3.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:51 B 20.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 1.1.1.2, 00:16:19 B 40.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 4.4.4.1, 00:16:05 B 30.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:51 R-2#sh ip route bgp B 3.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:16:42 B 4.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:16:48 B 40.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:57 B 10.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:16:48

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets B 11.0.0.0 [200/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:16:48 B 30.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:16:42

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 LAB -2 IBGP using loopbacks

All routers ( remove the lab-1 configs) En Conf t No Router bgp 500

R1 en conf t router bgp 500 neighbor 12.0.0.1 remote-as 500 neighbor 13.0.0.1 remote-as 500 neighbor 14.0.0.1 remote-as 500

network 10.0.0.0 no auto-summary no sync exit WAN interfaces not preferably d in real networks( It makes your routing table more big).

R2 en conf t router bgp 500 neighbor 11.0.0.1 remote-as 500 neighbor 13.0.0.1 remote-as 500 neighbor 14.0.0.1 remote-as 500 network 20.0.0.0 no auto-summary no sync exit

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R3 en conf t router bgp 500 neighbor 12.0.0.1 remote-as 500 neighbor 11.0.0.1 remote-as 500 neighbor 14.0.0.1 remote-as 500

network 30.0.0.0 no auto-summary no sync exit R4 en conf t router bgp 500 neighbor 12.0.0.1 remote-as 500 neighbor 13.0.0.1 remote-as 500 neighbor 11.0.0.1 remote-as 500

network 40.0.0.0 no auto-summary no sync exit v

R-1#sh ip bgp summary Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent 12.0.0.1 4 500 0 0 0 0 13.0.0.1 4 500 0 0 0 0 14.0.0.1 4 500 0 0 0 0

TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 0 never Active 0 never Active 0 never Active

Active means its actively tryng to establish the neighborship ( still trying )

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 To troubleshoot BGP neighborship Make sure that there is a connectivity to neighbor R-1#ping 12.0.0.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: ..... Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) R-1#sh ip rout R-1#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1/0 C 4.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1/1 C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets C 11.0.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 C 11.0.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 11.0.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 11.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

· · ·

No entry of the neighbor address ( 12.0.0.1 , 13.0.0.1 , 14.0.0.1 ) Here the router R1 don’t know how to reach neighbor address ( 12.0.0.1 ,13.0.0.1 , 14.0.0.1 ) To learn about those neighbors BGP relies on IGP protocol ( RIP/EIGRP/OSPF) running inside the AS

Here is the issue is with Routing To fix it Configure RIP , OSPF , EIGRP any one and make sure that you the loopback used for bgp peering.

On all routers en conf t router rip ver 2 net 0.0.0.0 no au exit

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R-1#sh ip bgp summary Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent 12.0.0.1 4 500 0 0 0 0 13.0.0.1 4 500 0 0 0 0 14.0.0.1 4 500 0 0 0 0

TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 0 never Active 0 never Active 0 never Active

Make sure that there is connecticity between neighbors

R-1#ping 12.0.0.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/56/80 ms R-1#ping 13.0.0.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/92/172 ms R-1#ping 14.0.0.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 14.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 48/71/112 ms

The other issue can be Problem with source address R1 Conf t Router bgp 500 Neighbor 12.0.0.1 update-source loop 0 Neighbor 13.0.0.1 update-source loop 0 Neighbor 14.0.0.1 update-source loop 0

R2 Conf t Router bgp 500 Neighbor 11.0.0.1 update-source loop 0 Neighbor 13.0.0.1 update-source loop 0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Neighbor 14.0.0.1 update-source loop 0

R3 Conf t Router bgp 500 Neighbor 12.0.0.1 update-source loop 0 Neighbor 11.0.0.1 update-source loop 0 Neighbor 14.0.0.1 update-source loop 0 R4 Conf t Router bgp 500 Neighbor 12.0.0.1 update-source loop 0 Neighbor 13.0.0.1 update-source loop 0 Neighbor 11.0.0.1 update-source loop 0

R-1#sh ip bgp summary Neighbor 12.0.0.1 13.0.0.1 14.0.0.1

V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent 4 500 7 7 8 0 4 500 6 6 8 0 4 500 6 6 8 0

TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 0 00:02:04 1 0 00:01:39 1 0 00:01:52 1

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 BGP next hop behavior When EBGP ---sends an update to another EBGP neighbor -------------changes the next hop When IBGP ---sends an update to another IBGP neighbor ------------- the next hop remains same ( not change)

R1 router bgp 500 neighbor 1.1.1.2 remote-as 500 network 10.0.0.0 network 1.0.0.0 no auto-summary no synchronization

R2 router bgp 500 neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 500 neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 600 network 20.0.0.0 network 1.0.0.0 network 2.0.0.0 no au no synchronization R3 router bgp 600 neighbor 2.2.2.1 remote-as 500 network 30.0.0.0 network 2.0.0.0 no auto-summary no synchronization exit

R2#sh ip bgp summary Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 1.1.1.1 4 500 4 5 4 0 0 00:00:49 1 2.2.2.2 4 600 5 6 3 0 0 00:00:06 1

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R1#sh ip route bgp B 2.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:34 B 20.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 1.1.1.2, 00:17:10 B 30.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:13

R-1#sh ip bgp R1#sh ip bgp Network Next Hop * i1.0.0.0 1.1.1.2 *> 0.0.0.0 *>i2.0.0.0 1.1.1.2 *> 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 *>i20.0.0.0 1.1.1.2 *>i30.0.0.0 2.2.2.2

Metric Lorf Weight Path 0 100 0 i 0 32768 i 0 100 0 i 0 32768 i 0 100 0 i 0 100 0 600 i

BGP next hop behavior When EBGP ---sends an update to another EBGP neighbor -------------changes the next hop When IBGP ---sends an update to another IBGP neighbor ------------- the next hop remains same ( not change) R2 To change this behavior manually you need to tell to change the next hop ( done on the border routers pointing to internal BGP neighbors ) R2 router bgp 500 neighbor 1.1.1.1 next-hop-self

R1#sh ip bgp Network Next Hop * i1.0.0.0 1.1.1.2 *> 0.0.0.0 *>i2.0.0.0 1.1.1.2 *> 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 *>i20.0.0.0 1.1.1.2

Metric Lorf Weight Path 0 100 0 i 0 32768 i 0 100 0 i 0 32768 i 0 100 0 i

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 *>i30.0.0.0

1.1.1.2

0 100

0 600 i

R-1#sh ip route bgp B 2.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 1.1.1.2, 00:06:59 B 20.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 1.1.1.2, 00:08:38 B 30.0.0.0/8 [200/0] via 1.1.1.2, 00:01:10

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 LAB- 4

· ·

IBGP neighbors need not to be directly connected EBGP neighbors has to to be directly connected ( if they are not directly connected u need to add EBGP MULTIHOP command)

R1 router bgp 500 neighbor 12.0.0.1 remote-as 600 neighbor 12.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0 neighbor 12.0.0.1 ebgp-multihop (it tells to neighbor that the 12.0.0.1 is not directly connected and it is multiple hops away ) network 10.0.0.0 no auto no sync R2 router bgp 600 neighbor 11.00.0.1 remote-as 500 neighbor 11.00.0.1 update-source loopback 0 neighbor 11.00.0.1 ebgp-multihop network 20.0.0.0 no auto no sync

R-1#sh ip bgp summary Neighbor 12.0.0.1

V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 4 600 0 0 0 0 0 never Active

R-1#ping 12.0.0.1

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: ..... Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

Connectivity or Routing issue In real scenario between different AS we prefer to use static routing instead of DYNAMIC ( but dynamic also works in the lab) R-1(config)#ip route 12.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.2 R-1(config)#ip route 12.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 2.2.2.2 10 R-2(config)#ip route 11.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.1 R-2(config)#ip route 11.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 2.2.2.1 10

R-1#ping 12.0.00.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/46/64 ms

R-1#sh ip bgp summary BGP router identifier 11.0.3.1, local AS number 500 BGP table version is 1, main routing table version 1 Neighbor 12.0.0.1

V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 4 600 4 4 1 0 0 00:00:21 1

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 BGP attributes

WEIGHT · · · · · · ·

Cisco proprietary Tells how to exit the AS Optional attribute Local to the router ( not to the other routers) Default weight = 0 ( not directly connected ) Default weight = 32768 ( directly connected ) Higher value is preferred

LOCAL PREFERENCE · Tells how to exit the AS · Optional and Well Known attribute · to all the routers in the AS · Default - 100 · Higher value is preferred

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·

R1

router bgp 500 neighbor 1.1.1.2 remote-as 600 neighbor 4.4.4.1 remote-as 700 net 10.0.0.0 net 1.0.0.0 net 4.0.0.0 no au exit

R2

router bgp 600 neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 500 neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 600 network 20.0.0.0 network 2.0.0.0 network 1.0.0.0 no auto-summary

R3 router bgp 600 neighbor 2.2.2.1 remote-as 600 neighbor 3.3.3.2 remote-as 700 network 30.0.0.0 network 3.0.0.0 network 2.0.0.0 no auto-summary exit R4 router bgp 700 neighbor 4.4.4.2 remote-as 500 neighbor 3.3.3.1 remote-as 600 network 40.0.0.0 network 4.0.0.0 network 3.0.0.0 no auto-summary

R-3#sh ip bgp summary

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Neighbor 2.2.2.1 3.3.3.2

V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 4 600 7 7 10 0 0 00:01:38 5 4 700 8 7 8 0 0 00:00:26 5

R-1#sh ip bgp Network * 1.0.0.0 *> * 2.0.0.0 *> * 3.0.0.0 *> * 4.0.0.0 *> *> 10.0.0.0 * 20.0.0.0 *> * 30.0.0.0 *> * 40.0.0.0 *>

Next Hop 1.1.1.2 0.0.0.0 4.4.4.1 1.1.1.2 4.4.4.1 1.1.1.2 4.4.4.1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 4.4.4.1 1.1.1.2 4.4.4.1 1.1.1.2 1.1.1.2 4.4.4.1

Metric Lorf Weight Path 0 0 600 i 0 32768 i 0 700 600 i 0 0 600 i 0 0 700 i 0 600 i 0 0 700 i 0 32768 i 0 32768 i 0 700 600 i 0 0 600 i 0 700 600 i 0 600 i 0 600 700 i 0 0 700 i

R1#ping 20.1.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 20.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/99/216 ms R1#traceroute 20.1.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 20.1.1.1 1 1.1.1.2 264 msec * 92 msec

I want R1 to use the router from R4 to reach 20.0.0.0 To change the default route (via R2) to via R4 ( 4.4.4.1) by applying higher weight to R4

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 R1 router bgp 500 neighbor 4.4.4.1 weight 40000 end

clear ip bgp * to reset the neighborship and to update the changes. R-1#sh ip bgp Network Next Hop Metric Lorf Weight Path r> 1.0.0.0 4.4.4.1 40000 700 600 i r 1.1.1.2 0 0 600 i *> 2.0.0.0 4.4.4.1 40000 700 600 i * 1.1.1.2 0 0 600 i *> 3.0.0.0 4.4.4.1 0 40000 700 i * 1.1.1.2 0 600 i r> 4.0.0.0 4.4.4.1 0 40000 700 i r 1.1.1.2 0 600 700 i *> 20.0.0.0 4.4.4.1 40000 700 600 i * 1.1.1.2 0 0 600 i *> 30.0.0.0 4.4.4.1 40000 700 600 i * 1.1.1.2 0 600 i *> 40.0.0.0 4.4.4.1 0 40000 700 i * 1.1.1.2 0 600 700 i

R1#traceroute 20.1.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 20.1.1.1 1 4.4.4.1 196 msec 252 msec 36 msec 2 3.3.3.1 [AS 700] 116 msec 112 msec 64 msec 3 2.2.2.1 [AS 600] 368 msec * 216 msec

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Local preference R-2#sh ip bgp Network Next Hop *> 1.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 * i2.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 *> 0.0.0.0 * 3.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 *>i 2.2.2.2 * 4.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 *>i 3.3.3.2 *> 10.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 *> 20.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 *>i30.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 * 40.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 *>i 3.3.3.2

Metric Lorf Weight Path 0 32768 i 0 100 0 i 0 32768 i 0 500 700 i 0 100 0 i 0 500 700 i 0 100 0 700 i 0 0 500 i 0 32768 i 0 100 0 i 0 500 700 i 0 100 0 700 i

R2 router bgp 600 bgp default local-preference 500 exit clear ip bgp * on all the routers with in the AS.

R-2#sh ip bgp Network Next Hop Metric Lorf Weight Path * 1.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 0 0 500 i *> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i *> 2.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i *i 2.2.2.2 0 100 0 i *> 3.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 0 500 700 i *i 2.2.2.2 0 100 0 i *> 4.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 0 500 700 i *> 10.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 0 0 500 i *> 20.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i *>i30.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 0 100 0 i *> 40.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 0 500 700 i

R3

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 R-3#sh ip bgp Network Next Hop *>i1.0.0.0 2.2.2.1 * 3.3.3.2 * i2.0.0.0 2.2.2.1 *> 0.0.0.0 0 * i3.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 * 3.3.3.2 0 *> 0.0.0.0 0 *>i4.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 * 3.3.3.2 0 *>i10.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 * 3.3.3.2 *>i20.0.0.0 2.2.2.1 *> 30.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 *>i40.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 * 3.3.3.2 0

Metric Lorf Weight Path 0 500 0 i 0 700 500 i 0 500 0 i 32768 i 0 500 0 500 700 i 0 700 i 32768 i 0 500 0 500 700 i 0 700 i 0 500 0 500 i 0 700 500 i 0 500 0 i 0 32768 i 0 500 0 500 700 i 0 700 i

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 SWITCHING En Conf t Vlan 10 Name sales vlan 20 name marketing exit vlan 30 vlan 40 end

Switch#sh vlan VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20 Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24 Gig1/1, Gig1/2 10 sales active 20 marketing active 30 VLAN0030 active 40 VLAN0040 active

There is no active ports in that vlans

shifting ports fa0/8 to vlan 10 int fa0/8 switchport mode access switchport access vlan 10 shifting multiple ports ( 4 – 7 and 10 ) to vlan 20

interface range fa0/4 - 7 , fa0/10 switchport mode access

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 switchport access vlan 20

Switch#sh vlan VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/9, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13 Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17 Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21 Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24 10 sales active Fa0/8 20 marketing active Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7 Fa0/10 30 VLAN0030 active

TO CONFIGURE TRUNK

int fa0/24 switchport mode trunk switchport trunk encapsulation DOT1Q switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-10,20,30

switchport nonegotiate

Switch#sh interfaces trunk

DTP (Dynamic trunking protocol) Trunking can be done dynamically through negotiation process Switch#sh dtp Global DTP information Sending DTP Hello packets every 30 seconds Dynamic Trunk timeout is 300 seconds

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 0 interfaces using DTP

DTP MODES DESIRABLE : desires to become trunk ( always want to become trunk) Sends and reply to DTP messages default mode on 3550 switches AUTO : Only reply to DTP messages ( not send ) Default mode on all switches except 3550 TRUNK Configuring trunk manually ACCESS Configuring access manually NO-NEGOTIATE Turn off DTP messages (disable DTP)

Sw-1# sh interfaces fa0/20 switchport Name: Fa0/20 Switchport: Enabled istrative Mode: dynamic auto Operational Mode: static access istrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Operational Trunking Encapsulation: native

On SW-1 int fa0/20 switchport mode dynamic desirable SW-1#sh interfaces fa0/20 switchport Name: Fa0/20 Switchport: Enabled istrative Mode: dynamic desirable

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Operational Mode: trunk istrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q

SW-1# sh interfaces trunk Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan Fa0/20 auto n-802.1q trunking 1 Port Vlans allowed on trunk Fa0/20 1-1005

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 VTP

Server (default mode) • Creates, modifies, and deletes VLANs • Sends and forwards ments • Synchronizes VLAN configurations • Saves configuration in NVRAM Client • Cannot create, change, or delete VLANs • Forwards ments • Synchronizes VLAN configurations • Does not save in NVRAM Transparent • • • •

Creates, modifies, and deletes local VLANs Forwards ments Does not synchronize VLAN configurations Saves configuration in NVRAM

Conf t Vtp domain Vtp Vtp version Vtp mode

<> 2 < SERVER / CLIENT / TRANSPARENT>

1) Trunking has to be enabled ( vtp ments are send only on trunk ports)

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 2) Configure VTP on all switches 3) Create vlans on server and on client and transparent switch 4) Create vlans on transparent switch and on client and server

Domain name ( case-sensitive) / / version must match in order for VTP to work SS#sh vtp status CCC#sh vtp VTP : cisco123

1) Trunking has to be enabled ( vtp ments are send only on trunk ports)

On SW1 ( SERVER) hostname SW1 int fa0/20 switchport mode trunk end SW2 ( TRANSPARENT) 22-TTT(config)#int range fa0/20 - 21 22-TTT(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

SW3 client Hostname SW3 int fa0/21 switchport mode trunk end

SW1#sh interfaces trunk Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan Fa0/20 on 802.1q trunking 1

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Configure VTP on all switches SW1 vtp domain CCNP vtp cisco vtp mode server vtp version 2 exit SW2 vtp domain CCNP vtp cisco vtp mode transparent vtp version 2 exit SW3 vtp domain CCNP vtp cisco vtp version 2 vtp mode client exit

SW1#sh vtp status VTP Version :2 Configuration Revision :2 Maximum VLANs ed locally : 255 Number of existing VLANs :5 VTP Operating Mode : Server VTP Domain Name : CCNP VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled VTP V2 Mode : Enabled VTP Traps Generation : Disabled MD5 digest : 0x86 0x22 0x83 0x8E 0x23 0xA8 0x06 0xCC Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:07:33 Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found

SW1#sh vtp VTP : cisco

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SW-3#sh vtp status VTP Version :2 Configuration Revision :2 Maximum VLANs ed locally : 255 Number of existing VLANs :5 VTP Operating Mode : Client VTP Domain Name : CCNP VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled VTP V2 Mode : Enabled VTP Traps Generation : Disabled MD5 digest : 0x86 0x22 0x83 0x8E 0x23 0xA8 0x06 0xCC Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:07

22-TTT#sh interfaces trunk Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan Fa0/20 on 802.1q trunking 1 Fa0/21 on 802.1q trunking 1

SW-3#sh interfaces trunk Port Mode Fa0/21 on

Encapsulation Status 802.1q trunking

Native vlan 1

Create vlans on server and on client and transparent switch SW1 Conf t vlan 10 vlan 20 vlan 30 vlan 40 name sales vlan 50 name marketing end

R1#sh vlan VLAN Name

Status Ports

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/21 Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig1/1 Gig1/2 10 VLAN0010 active 20 VLAN0020 active 30 VLAN0030 active 40 sales active 50 marketing active 1002 fddi-default act/unsup 1003 token-ring-default act/unsup 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup 1005 trnet-default act/unsup VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2 ---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ -----1 enet 100001 1500 - - - 0 0 10 enet 100010 1500 - - - 0 0 20 enet 100020 1500 - - - 0 0 30 enet 100030 1500 - - - 0 0 40 enet 100040 1500 - - - 0 0 50 enet 100050 1500 - - - -

33#sh vlan VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20 Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig1/1 Gig1/2 10 VLAN0010 active 20 VLAN0020 active 30 VLAN0030 active 40 sales active 50 marketing active

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Sw-2#sh vlan VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/22 Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig1/1, Gig1/2 1002 fddi-default 1003 token-ring-default 1004 fddinet-default 1005 trnet-default

act/unsup act/unsup act/unsup act/unsup

You don’t see any vlan on the Transparent switch

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 1) Create vlans on transparent switch and on client and server Sw-2(config)#vlan 100 Sw-2(config-vlan)#vlan 200 Sw-2(config-vlan)#vlan 300 Sw-2(config-vlan)# Sw-2(config-vlan)#end SW2 #sh vlan VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/22 Fa0/23, Fa0/24 100 VLAN0100 active 200 VLAN0200 active 300 VLAN0300 active 1002 fddi-default act/unsup

Sw1#sh vlan VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/21 Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig1/1 Gig1/2 10 VLAN0010 active 20 VLAN0020 active 30 VLAN0030 active 40 VLAN0040 active 1002 fddi-default act/unsup 1003 token-ring-default act/unsup 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup 1005 trnet-default act/unsup

SW3 # sh vlan

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/21 Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig1/1 Gig1/2 10 VLAN0010 active 20 VLAN0020 active 30 VLAN0030 active 40 VLAN0040 active 1002 fddi-default act/unsup 1003 token-ring-default act/unsup 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup 1005 trnet-default act/unsup

To make revision number to ZERO

#Sh flash #Delete vlan.dat Or #Delete flash: vlan.dat #Reload

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INTER VLAN-ROUTING using ROUTER

1) 2) 3) 4)

create vlan and shift the ports configure on switch fa0/20 as trunk port Create subinterfaces on router port fa0/0 connectivity between vlans (ping 192.168.1.1 ---192.168.2.1)

create vlan and shift the ports En Conf t Vlan 10 vlan 20 exit int range fa0/1 - 2 switchport mode access switchport access vlan 10 exit int range fa0/3 - 4

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 switchport mode access switchport access vlan 20

Switch#sh vlan VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------1 default active Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20 Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24 10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/1, Fa0/2 20 VLAN0020 active Fa0/3, Fa0/4 1002 fddi-default act/unsup

Task – 2

configure on switch fa0/20 as trunk port

int fa0/20 switchport mode trunk switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q Task – 3

creating sub interfaces on router

int fa0/0 no shutdown exit int fa0/0.10 encapsulation dot1Q 10 ip add 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0 exit

It should be the exact vlan no ( vlan 10)

int fa0/0.20 Encapsulation dot1Q 20 ip add 192.168.2.100 255.255.255.0

Router#sh ip int brief Interface IP-Address FastEthernet0/0

It should be the exact vlan no ( vlan 20)

OK? Method Status

unassigned

YES unset up

Protocol up

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 FastEthernet0/0.10

192.168.1.100 YES manual up

up

FastEthernet0/0.20


up

4) PC>ipconfig IP Address......................: 192.168.1.1 Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.100 PC>ping 192.168.2.1 Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=62ms TTL=127 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=125ms TTL=127 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=109ms TTL=127

C>tracert 192.168.2.1 Tracing route to 192.168.2.1 over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 47 ms 63 ms 62 ms 192.168.1.100 2 109 ms 125 ms 78 ms 192.168.2.1

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 INTER VLAN-ROUTING using MLS

1) create vlan and shift the ports 2) create SVI ( switch virtual interface ) for vlan s 3) connectivity between vlans (ping 192.168.1.1 ---192.168.2.1)

Task – 1 En Conf t Vlan 10 vlan 20 exit int range fa0/1 - 2 switchport mode access switchport access vlan 10 exit int range fa0/3 - 4 switchport mode access switchport access vlan 20

task - 2 int vlan 10 ip address 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0 no shutdown exit int vlan 20 ip address 192.168.2.100 255.255.255.0 no shutdown exit

# sh ip int brief Vlan10 192.168.1.100 YES manual up

up

Vlan20

up


PC>ipconfig

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IP Address......................: 192.168.1.1 Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.100 PC>ping 192.168.2.1 Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=62ms TTL=127 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=125ms TTL=127 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=109ms TTL=127

C>tracert 192.168.2.1 Tracing route to 192.168.2.1 over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 47 ms 63 ms 62 ms 192.168.1.100 2 109 ms 125 ms 78 ms 192.168.2.1

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Steps to configure · Ip addresses on PC and ROUTER AND Routing ( RIP ) · MLS on fa0/20 · the connectivitys

Router#sh ip int brief Interface IP-Address

OK? Method Status

FastEthernet0/0


FastEthernet0/1

10.0.0.1

YES manual up

Protocol up up

Switch(config)#int fa0/20 Switch(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 ^ % Invalid input detected at '^' marker. Switch(config-if)#no switchport Switch(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0

SWITCH #Sh ip int brief FastEthernet0/20

10.0.0.2

YES manual up

up

ON MLS router rip version 2 network 192.168.1.0 network 192.168.2.0 network 10.0.0.0 no auto-summary exit ON ROUTER router rip

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 version 2 network 172.16.0.0 network 10.0.0.0 no auto-summary exit

Router#sh ip route C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/1 R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:01, FastEth

Switch#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C R C C

10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/20 172.16.0.0/16 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/20 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20

PC>ipconfig IP Address......................: 192.168.1.1 Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.100 PC>ping 172.16.1.1 Pinging 172.16.1.1 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Reply from 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 time=125ms TTL=126 Reply from 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 time=125ms TTL=126 Reply from 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 time=125ms TTL=126 Ping statistics for 172.16.1.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 125ms, Maximum = 125ms, Average = 125ms PC>tracert 172.16.1.1

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Tracing route to 172.16.1.1 over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 31 ms 31 ms 32 ms 192.168.1.100 2 63 ms 62 ms 62 ms 10.0.0.1 3 109 ms 125 ms 125 ms 172.16.1.1 Trace complete. PC>

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Page 169 of 182


Portfast on specific ports Conf t interface range fa0/1 - 10 spanning-tree portfast

to enable on each all access ports (config)#spanning-tree portfast default

To enable BPDU GUARD Switch(config)#spanning-tree portfast default bpdu guard enable

To enable BPDU FILTER Switch(config)#spanning-tree portfast filter bpdu

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SW1 int range fa0/20 - 23 channel-protocol pagp channel-group 10 mode desirable exit SW2 int range fa0/20 - 23 channel-protocol pagp channel-group 10 mode desirable/ auto exit

Switch#sh etherchannel summary Number of channel-groups in use: 1 Number of aggregators: 1 Group Port-channel Protocol Ports ------+-------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------10

Po10(SU)

PAgP Fa0/20(P) Fa0/21(P) Fa0/22(P) Fa0/23(P)

Sw-1#sh spanning-tree VLAN0001 Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 32769 Address 0006.2A5D.33C0 Cost 7 Port 27(Port-channel 10) Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1) Address 0060.47A8.4B57 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Aging Time 20 Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------Po10 Root FWD 7 128.27 Shr

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Switch#sh ip int brief Interface IP-Address Port-channel 10 Switch#

OK? Method Status

unassigned

YES unset up

Protocol up

Switch#sh interfaces trunk Switch#

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 TO USE PORTCHANNEL AS TRUNKPORT

Layer 2 trunk On both switches

int port-channel 10 switchport mode trunk switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q or

int range fa0/20 -2 3 switchport mode trunk switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

the above both are have same effect. to use portchannel as LAYER 3 int port-channel 10 no switchport ip address 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 MANUAL

Both swithes

int range fa0/20 - 23 channel-group 10 mode ON exit

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 HSRP Hot standby router redundancy protocol Cisco proprietary Hello – 3 sec Dead – 10 sec Active / Standby No load balancing Developed in 1993

VRRP Virtual router redundancy protocol Open standard Hello – 1 sec Dead – 3 sec Master / backup No load balancing Developed in 1997

GLBP Gateway load balancing protocol Open standard Hello – 1 sec Dead – 3 sec AVG ( active virtual gateway ) AVF ( active virtual forwarder) load balancing Developed in 2003

R2

ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.1 ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 2.2.2.2 end R1 int fa0/0 ip add 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0 no sh ext end ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.1.2

R3

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int fa0/0 ip add 192.168.1.200 255.255.255.0 no sh end ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 2.2.2.1 end

R1

int fa0/0 standby 10 ip 192.168.1.50 standby 10 preempt standby 10 priority 150 standby 10 track s1/0 60

R3 int fa0/0 standby 10 ip 192.168.1.50 standby 10 preempt

R1#sh standby FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10 State is Active 2 state changes, last state change 00:01:05 Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.50 Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default) Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec Next hello sent in 0.444 secs Preemption enabled Active router is local Standby router is 192.168.1.200, priority 100 (expires in 7.544 sec) Priority 150 (configured 150) Track interface Serial0/0 state Up decrement 60 Group name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

R3#sh standby

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10 State is Standby 1 state change, last state change 00:01:11 Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.50 Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default) Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec Next hello sent in 0.676 secs Preemption enabled Active router is 192.168.1.100, priority 150 (expires in 7.584 sec) Standby router is local Priority 100 (default 100) Group name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

R1#sh standby brief P indicates configured to preempt. | Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP Fa0/0 10 150 P Active local 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.50

R3#sh standby brief P indicates configured to preempt. | Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Virtual IP Fa0/0 10 100 P Standby 192.168.1.100 local 192.168.1.50

R1(config)#int fa0/0 R1(config-if)#shutdown R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:15:06.371: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet0/0 Grp 10 state Active -> Init R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:15:08.391: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to istratively down *Mar 1 00:15:09.391: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to down

R1#sh standby FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10 State is Init (interface down) 3 state changes, last state change 00:00:38 Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.50 Active virtual MAC address is unknown Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default)

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec Preemption enabled Active router is unknown Standby router is unknown Priority 150 (configured 150) Track interface Serial0/0 state Up decrement 60 Group name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

On R3

R3# *Mar 1 00:14:57.231: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet0/0 Grp 10 state Standby -> Active R3#sh standby brief P indicates configured to preempt. | Interface Grp Pri P State Active Standby Fa0/0 10 100 P Active local unknown

Virtual IP 192.168.1.50

R3#sh standby FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10 State is Active 2 state changes, last state change 00:02:00 Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.50 Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default) Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec Next hello sent in 2.544 secs Preemption enabled Active router is local Standby router is unknown Priority 100 (default 100) Group name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

R1(config)#int fa0/0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown R1(config-if)# R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:17:33.575: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet0/0 Grp 10 state Listen -> Active R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:17:33.847: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R1(config-if)#

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 *Mar 1 00:17:34.847: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R1#sh standby FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10 State is Active 2 state changes, last state change 00:01:05 Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.50 Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default) Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec Next hello sent in 0.444 secs Preemption enabled Active router is local Standby router is 192.168.1.200, priority 100 (expires in 7.544 sec) Priority 150 (configured 150) Track interface Serial0/0 state Up decrement 60 Group name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

R3#sh standby FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10 State is Standby 1 state change, last state change 00:01:11 Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.50 Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default) Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec Next hello sent in 0.676 secs Preemption enabled Active router is 192.168.1.100, priority 150 (expires in 7.584 sec) Standby router is local Priority 100 (default 100)

R1(config)#int s1/0 R1(config-if)#shutdown R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:18:36.559: %TRACKING-5-STATE: 1 interface Se0/0 line-protocol Up->Down *Mar 1 00:18:36.787: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet0/0 Grp 10 state Active -> Speak R1(config-if)#

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 *Mar 1 00:18:38.559: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to istratively down *Mar 1 00:18:39.559: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down

R1#sh standby FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10 State is Standby 6 state changes, last state change 00:00:16 Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.50 Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default) Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec Next hello sent in 1.036 secs Preemption enabled Active router is 192.168.1.200, priority 100 (expires in 9.968 sec) Standby router is local Priority 90 (configured 150) Track interface Serial0/0 state Down decrement 60 Group name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

R1(config)#int s1/0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown R1(config-if)# R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:19:39.767: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:19:39.775: %TRACKING-5-STATE: 1 interface Se0/0 line-protocol Down->Up *Mar 1 00:19:40.775: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:19:41.315: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet0/0 Grp 10 state Standby -> Active

R1#sh standby FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10 State is Active 2 state changes, last state change 00:01:05 Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.50 Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default) Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec Next hello sent in 0.444 secs Preemption enabled Active router is local Standby router is 192.168.1.200, priority 100 (expires in 7.544 sec)

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[email protected] [email protected] 91 - 9985048840 Priority 150 (configured 150) Track interface Serial0/0 state Up decrement 60 Group name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-10" (default)

router rip distance 20

R1#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "rip" Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 27 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 2, receive version 2 Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain FastEthernet0/0 2 2 Serial1/0 2 2 1111 Serial1/1 2 2 Loopback0 2 2 Loopback1 2 2 Loopback2 2 2 Loopback3 2 2 Automatic network summarization is not in effect Maximum path: 4 Routing for Networks: 0.0.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 1.1.1.2 20 00:00:10 Distance: (default is 20)

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Default AD is 90 for internal routes Default AD is 170 for external routes R2(config)#router eigrp 100 R2(config-router)#dis R2(config-router)#dist? distance distribute-list R2(config-router)#dista R2(config-router)#distance ? <1-255> istrative distance eigrp IP-EIGRP distance R2(config-router)#distance ei R2(config-router)#distance eigrp ? <1-255> Distance for internal routes R2(config-router)#distance eigrp 50 ? <1-255> Distance for external routes R2(config-router)#distance eigrp 50 130

router ospf 1 distance 40

Page 182 of 182 >

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