Small Ruminants 5a2f2e

SMALL RUMINANTS AS A SOURCE OF FOOD SECURITY & POVERTY ALLEVIATION

LIVESTOCK IN NATIONAL ECONOMY • Share in agri GDP

55.4 %

• Livestock in Pak GDP

11.9 %

• Livestock in export

12 %

• Provides raw material for industry • Social security for rural poor • Security against crop failure • Population engaged Source: Economic Survey (2012-13)

30-35 million

Per Capita Total Meat Consumption (kg/annum) Countries

1983

1993

2020

Developed world

74

76

83

Developing world

14

21

30

Pakistan

11

16

47

T/PAK/016 8

Total Meat Production by Species (000 Tonnes) Species

Meat Production

Percent

Buffalo

634

32.4

Cattle

540

27.6

Goat

544

27.8

Sheep

238

12.2

Total

1956

100

Source: Agri. Stat., 2005-06

Contributions of Small Ruminants • Precious animal proteins (meat and milk). • Fiber and skins. • Food security. • Stable households. • ATM

Punjab

Goat Breeds in Pakistan Genetic Resource 4 Beetal, Dera Din Panah, Nachi, Teddy

Sindh

14 Barbari, Kamori, Chappar, Bari, Bugi Toori, Sindh Desi, Bujri, Jattan, Kacchan, Kurri, Lohri, Pateri, Tapri, Tharki

KPK

3 Kaghani, Damani, Gaddi

Balochista n

3 Lehri, Khurasni, Kajli

Northern Area & AJK

10 Baltistani, Beiari, Buchi, Jararkheil, Jattal, Kohai-Ghizer, Kooti, Labri, Pamiri, Shurri

Sheep Breeds of Pakistan Genetic Resource Punjab

(7)

Bucchi, Lohi, Thalli, Kajli, Cholistani, Saltrange, Sipli

Sindh

(3)

Dumbi, Kachhi, Kooka

K.P.K

(7)

Balkhi, Damani, Kaghani, Hashtnagri, Michni, Tirahi, Waziri

Balochistan

(4)

Balochi,Bibric, Harnai, Rakhshani

NA& AJK

(8)

Baltistani, Gojal, Kail, Kali, Koh-iGhizer, Pahari, Poonchi, Kari

Beetal

Taddy

Adaptation and environment: Advantages: • • • • • • • • •

-

Generally wide adaptation to most environments Suitability to small farm systems Less affected by drought, with no after effects on reproduction Use browse and feeds more effectively Use marginal land effectively Are well suited for integration into perennial tree crop systems Major source of survival and assets for the landless and very poor Food and nutritional security Promote social values (village cohesiveness and recreation)

Disadvantages:   • - Need for controlled management to prevent environmental damage • - More numbers needed to meet household/community/national needs.

Small size: Advantages:   • • • •

- Easy management - Low production inputs and capital investment - Low risk - With meat, high proportion of total edible and saleable products. • - No storage requirements for meat and milk.   Disadvantages: • - More easily stolen • - Susceptible to predators

Production and products Advantages: • - Produce meat, milk, fiber and skins. • - Utilize non-marketable crop residues and available grazing to generate value-added products such as meat, milk, fiber and skins • - Dung and urine promote soil fertility, especially in the semi-arid and arid areas • - Promote effective use of unpaid family labour, with concurrent low labour requirements • - Provide ready means to consume meat and milk, without need for storage • - Skins are a growing source of value-added income • - Production systems provide considerable opportunities to accelerate research and development efforts.   Disadvantages:   • - Breeding programmes are difficult to control in more extensive systems • - Susceptibility to disease, with poor access to services • - Poor overall resource allocation for research and development.

Benefits of food products from small ruminants • • • • • • • • • • •

Meat: - Meat, fresh goat meat and mutton. - Meat products – blood, offals e.g. feet, head, testicles. - Processed meat products - cooked meat, sausages, goat meat extract. Frozen carcasses, chilled meat, bone-in cuts, boneless cuts and salted meat.   Milk: - Milk, fresh milk. - Processed milk products - pasteurized milk, milk powder, condensed milk. Yoghurt, goat butter, ice cream, various cheeses and sweets. Goat milk is valuable for the children, the malnourished, pregnant mothers and the elderly in areas where cow or buffalo milk is not available

Factors affecting meat production • Growth potential of the animals • Nutritional inputs • Feed conversion efficiency • Carcass yield • Survivability • Economic viability

Potential Sheep Breeds For Mutton Production In KPK

Bulkhi Waziri

Hashtnagri

MARKETING OF LIVE ANIMAL 1%

Producer/Farmer 2%

3%

85%

Village Beopari

15%

80% 7% 70 %

Contractor/ Commission Agent 10 %

Trader

95 %

5%

2%

5%

Butcher/ Collector

2%

10% 80%

Dairy Farm

Exporter

8%

10%

10%

Producer

Breeds

Constraints • Not availability of genetically desirable producer for milk and Meat production • Inadequate feed resources and imbalanced feeding practices • In appropriate fodder production practices, particularly poor harvesting and fodder conservation practices • Lack of institutional and technical know how for establishment of commercial farms • Capping of price structure for livestock products • Inadequate credit facilities for establishment of commercial livestock farms • Weak public and private sectors partnership. • inefficient use of potentially important breeds, inefficient and inappropriate production systems, poor strategies for improved natural resource management, and inadequate official and resource use

Solutions • Establishment of nucleus farms for genetically superior animals • Adoption of balanced feed and feeding practices • Generation and transfer of appropriate technologies for commercial farming • Delimiting price structure of small Ruminants products

• Availability of credit facilities of Small Ruminant farming • Implementation of effective disease surveillance and reporting system • Strengthening of public and private sector partnership. • Awareness & Training of Farmers in various fields of Small Ruminant Production. • Development & Improvement of Ranges / Pastures. • Stocking Rate according to carrying capacity of Ranges.

Potential of Small Ruminants for More Earning • • • •

Small Ruminant Feedlot farming Goat Raising Small Scale cheese/yoghurt making Provision of small loans and grants to a large number of rural poor • Development of cottage industry in rural areas

THANKS