Suspension Cable Bridge System 272w39

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PAHANG LABORATORY MANUAL

COURSE

BASIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS LABORATORY

COURSE CODE

ECS258

LEVEL OF OPENNESS

0

CATEGORY

TRADITIONAL

DEGREE OF OPEN-ENDED (%)

0

PERIOD OF ACTIVITY

1 WEEK (WEEK 9)

TITLE

SUSPENSION CABLE SYSTEM

1.1 Introduction The traditional methods of conducting laboratory activities (assigned as Level 0) will not be able to provide the avenue for students to enhance independent learning activities and inculcate creativity and innovation. The traditional method is fully prescriptive where the three elements namely problem, ways & means and answers are provided/fully given to the students. However, it is still necessary to be implemented as part of the whole laboratory course activity especially to first and second year students. In this laboratory activity students will be exposed to the apparatus and the procedures to carry out experiment on a suspension cable system. 1.2 Objective To determine the relationship between applied load and the tensile force in the suspension cable. PREAMBLE

1.3 Learning Outcomes At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to: 1. Identify and use the correct apparatus/tools to carry out experiment on suspension bridge. 2. Analyse the collected data correctly and present in proper technical format 3. Work in a group to undertake the task and produce the technical report. 1.4 Theoretical Background The suspension cable must be anchored at each end of the bridge, since any load applied to the bridge is transformed into a tension in these main cables. The main cables continue beyond the pillars to deck-level s and further continue to connections with anchors in the ground. The main forces in a suspension bridge are tension in the main cables and compression in the pillars. The following formula is needed to analyse your results:

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Dec 2015

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PAHANG LABORATORY MANUAL 2-Hinged Stiffened Girder: Maximum tension in the cable occurs at the :

Where; W = The magnitude of the UDL (N/m) L = The bridge deck span (m) d = The dip of the cable (m) 2.0 Problem Statement PROBLEM STATEMENT

Students are required to determine the relationship between applied load and the tensile force in the suspension cable. 3.1 Apparatus Suspension Bridge

Figure 9.1: Suspension Bridge Set-up 

Cable stopper, Load cells, Digital force display

3.2 Procedures WAYS & MEANS

.Experiment: 2-Hinged Stiffened Girder

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1. Check the profile for the bridge to be tested and where necessary set the cable position as detailed in the Figure 9.2.

Dec 2015

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PAHANG LABORATORY MANUAL

Figure 9.2: 2-Hinged Stiffened Girder Set-up 2. Remove the two pier so that it is not in with the bridge deck. 3. Switch on the digital display unit. 4. Check the cable stopper to make sure that there is no gap between the stopper and the horizontal member. Tightened the screw on the stopper to prevent it from sliding during loading. 5. Connect the load cells to the digital display each load cell occupying 1 channel of the display. 6. Record the initial reading of each load cell. 7. Place a uniformly distributed load on the bridge deck and wait until the digital display reading remain constant. 8. Record the magnitude of the uniformly distributed load and the reading of each load cell. 9. Increase the magnitude of the uniformly distributed load and repeat step 7 to 9. 10. Preferably repeat the above experiment to obtain the average readings of the measured values.

3.3 Data Acquisition All data collected from the tests may be recorded into the following tables. Experiment 2 a: 2-Hinged Stiffened Girder Span of Bridge Dip

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: 1040 mm : 162 mm

Dec 2015

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PAHANG LABORATORY MANUAL Table 9.1: The experimental case data

UDL, w (N/m)

Cable Tension at (N) Left Pulley Right Pulley Load Cell Actual Load Cell Actual Reading Tension Reading Tension

Actual tension in cable = Current reading – Initial reading (ie. Reading at 0 load) Table 9.2: The experimental and theoretical case data UDL, w (N/m)

Cable Tension at (N) Left Pulley Right Pulley Experimental Theoretical Experimental Theoretical

4.0 Results, Analysis and Conclusion The group is required to submit the technical report of the laboratory results highlighting the data acquisition process, analysis carried out and the relevancy of the set-out output to achieve the objective.

RESULTS

Using data in Table 9.1 and Table 9.2, plot the graph of cable tension against load for the experimental and theoretical case. Draw the best fit curve to through the plotted points. Calculate the percentage error between theoretical and experimental result. The report must incorporate the followings: i.

All data recorded must be tabulated in the given form provide and the graph plotted on the graph. ii. Any calculation must be clearly shown. iii. Discuss on the results and state your conclusion The report must be submitted 7 days after the completion of the test.

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Dec 2015