Tagalog English Dictionary 6z4cr

A ´! intj. an exclamation of sudden a recollection ab´ a! intj. an exclamation of surprise, wonder or disgust, emphatic denial abak´ a n. Manila hemp, abaca abak´ ada n. alphabet ab´ ala n. delay, detention, disturbance • mag-abal´ a (mag-) v. to trouble oneself over something or somebody. Huwag kang mag-abala. Don’t trouble yourself (too much). mang-ab´ ala (mang-) v. to disturb. Nang-abala na naman sila kagabi. They caused some disturbance again last night. abal´ oryo n. glass beads, bead work aban´iko n. folding fan [syn. pamayp´ ay] ab´ ante – iabante (i-) v. to move something forward. Iabante mo ang kotse nang kaunti. Move the car forward a little. umabante (um-) v. to move forward. Umabante ka nang kaunti. (You) Move forward a little. ab´ ang – mag-abang, abang´ an (mag-:-an) v. to wait or watch for someone or some vehicle to come by. Mag-abang ka ng sasakyan. Wait for a vehicle. Wait for a ride. abay n. companion, best man, ´ bridesmaid • umabay (um-) v. to escort, to act as best man, maid of honor, bridesmaid at a wedding. Umabay si Pedro sa kasal. Pedro was best man at the wedding. ab´iso n. notice, notification • mag-abiso, iabiso, abis´ uhan (mag-:i-:-an) v. to announce, to inform, to notify. Abisuhan mo si Juan ng aking pagdating. Notify John about my arrival. abitsu´ ela Sp n. snap bean [var.

bitsu´elas] ab´ o n. ashes • adj. grey (color) abok´ ado Sp n. avocado abog´ ado/a Sp n. lawyer, attorneyat-law (masculine/feminine) ab´ ot n. reach, grasp • umabot, abut´in (um-:-in) v. to reach for. Umabot ka ng ulam. Reach for the food. mag-abot, iabot, abut´ an (mag:i-:-an) v. to hand to. Mag-abot ka ng pera sa akin kapag suweldo na. Hand me your money when it’s payday. abot – umabot, ab´ ´ utan (um-:-an) v. overtake, reach. Hindi ko siya maabutan sa pagtakbo. I can not overtake her in running. abrel´ ata Sp n. can-opener [syn. pambuk´ as] abr´igo Sp n. wrap, lady’s coat Abr´il n. April ab´ ubot n. knickknacks carried around ab´ uloy n. contribution, help fund, relief, aid, subsidy • mag-abuloy, iabuloy (mag-:i-) v. to contribute. Mag-abuloy ka sa patay. Contribute (some money) for the funeral. umabuloy, abul´ uyan (um-:-an) v. to aid. Umabuloy ka sa kanya. Help him. abur´ido Sp adj. anxious, confused abus´ ado Sp adj. abusive ab´ uso Sp n. abuse, maltreatment abyad´ or n. pilot [syn. pil´ oto] ak´ ala’ n. idea, belief • p.v. to think. Akala ko’y kumain ka na. I thought you had already eaten. • mag-akala’, akal´ ain (mag-:-in) v. to believe, to presume, to think, to conceive, to imagine. Huwag kang mag-akalang ako ay taksil. Don’t get the idea that I’m unfaithful. Baka akalain mong ako ay taksil. You might think I’m unfaithful. akap – mang-akap (mang-) v. to ´ embrace. Nang-akap siya ng babae.

ak´ asya He embraced a woman. umakap, ak´ apin (um-:-in) v. to embrace (someone). Inakap niya ako. He embraced me. mag-akap´ an (mag-:-an) v. to embrace each other. Mag-akapan kayo ngayon kung kayo’y magkabati. Embrace each other now if you are really friends. ak´ asya n. acacia tree, monkeypod akay n. person led by the hand • ´ mag-akay, ak´ ayin (mag-:-in) v. to lead by the hand. Inakay niya ang bata. He led the child by the hand. umakay (um-) v. to hang-on (for ). Umakay siya sa akin. He hung on to me (for or guidance). akb´ ay – umakbay, akbay´ an (um:-an) v. to put one arm on another person’s shoulder. Umakbay siya sa akin. He put his arm across my shoulder. akin pron, adj. my, mine ´ akit – umakit, mang-akit, ak´itin ´ (um-, mang-,-in) v. to charm, to attract, to lure, to entice. Akitin mo ang mga mamimili sa pamamagitan ng iyong ganda. Attract the buyers by means of your beauty. akl´ at n. book [syn. libr´ o] akl´ atan n. library ak´ o pron. first person singular number pronoun meaning ”I”, ”me” akm´ a’ – mag-akma’, iakma’ (mag-:i-) v. to set something. Iakma mo ang baril. Aim the gun. umakma’ (um-) v. to get ready to do something. Umakma siya. He got ready (to do something). aksay´ a n. wastage • maaksaya (ma-) adj. wasteful • maaksaya (ma-) v. to be wasted, to go to waste. Baka maaksaya ang tubig. The water might be wasted. mag-aksaya, aksayah´in, pagaksayah´ an (mag-:-in:pag-an) v. to squander, to use something wastefully. Nag-aksaya siya ng

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´agaw panahon. He wasted time. Huwag pag-aksayahan ng panahon ang hindi importanting bagay. Don’t waste time with unimportant things. aksid´ ente Sp n. accident • maaksidente (ma-) v. to meet with an accident. Naaksidente siya kahapon. He met with an accident yesterday. akto Sp umakto (um-) v. to act, ´ to perform as in a play, to behave. Umakto siyang baliw sa isang palabas. He took the role of a crazy person in a play. aky´ at – mag-akyat, iakyat (mag:i-) v. to carry something up a height. Mag-akyat ka rito ng isang baldeng tubig. Bring a pail of water up here. umakyat, akyat´in (um-:-in) v. to climb up, to go up something. Akyatin mo ang punong iyon. Climb that tree. ad´ obo n. a popular Filipino meat dish cooked in vinegar, salt, garlic, pepper and soy sauce ad´ orno Sp n. adornment, decoration mag-adorno, adornoh´ an (mag:-an) v. to decorate. Nagadorno siya ng kanyang bagong bahay. He decorated his new house. ady´ os Sp intj. farewell, goodbye aga – maaga (ma-) adv. early ´ ag´ ahan n. breakfast [syn. almus´ al ] ag´ ad adv. at once, soon, immediately, right away, promptly. Tumakbo siya agad. He ran at once. agap n. promptness, quickness • ´ maagap (ma-) adj. prompt, punctual, quick • umagap, ag´ apan (um-:-an) v. to anticipate, to watch for something, to make sure that one gets it. Agapan mo ang mga sariwang gulay sa palengke. Get to market early to get the fresh vegetables. agaw n. sudden snatching away • ´ mang-agaw, ag´ awin, ag´ awan

agh´ am (mang-:-in:-an) v. to snatch, to grab. Nang-agaw siya ng bag. He snatched (somebody’s) bag. umagaw (um-) v. to participate in grabbing. Umagaw ka sa pabitin. (Get in there and) grab the hanging object. agh´ am n. science agila n. eagle ´ agiw n. cobweb ´ agos n. current • ´ maagos (ma-) adj. having swift currents • inagos (-in) v. to be carried away by the current. Inagos ang mga damit sa ilog. The clothes were carried away by the current in the river. umagos (um-) v. to flow. Umagos ang tubig. The water flowed. Ag´ osto n. August aguh´ilya Sp n. hair pin ahas n. snake ´ ah´ edres n. chess ah´ ensiya n. pawnshop, agency ah´ ente n. agent, salesman ahit n. the shaved part, a shaving ´ service • mag-ahit, ah´itin, inahit (mag:in) v. to shave. Inahit ni Pedro ang kanyang balbas. Pedro shaved off his beard. ahon – mag-ahon, iahon (mag´ :-in, i-) v. to take something out of the water. Iahon mo ang bata sa tubig. Pull the child out of the water. umahon (um-) v. to get out of the water. Umahon na tayo. Let’s get out of the water. ala´ ´ ala n. remembrance, souvenir alak n. wine, liquor ´ alakd´ an n. scorpion al´ aga’ n. pet, ward, person, animal or thing being taken care of • mag-alaga’, alag´ aan (mag-:-an) v. to take care of, to raise, to bring up. Alagaan mo ang iyong kapatid. (You) take care of your brother (or

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´alat sister). alag´ ad n. disciple, follower, apostle, helper al´ ahas n. jewelry, jewels alah´ ero n. jewel maker, jewel repairer, merchant al´ ala n. memory, recollection • alalah´ anin (-in) v. to worry, to be anxious about something makaalala, maalala (maka-:ma-) v. to someone with something. Aba, nakaalala ka. Ah, you ed (him ... with something). mag-alal´ a (mag-) v. to worry, to be anxious. Huwag kang mag-alala. Don’t worry. al´ alay – mag-alalay, alal´ ayan (mag-:-an) v. to take precaution, to practice moderation or to act moderately. Alalayan mo ang pagkain. Take it easy on the food or eat moderately. umalalay, alal´ ayan (um-:-an) v. to give . Umalalay siya sa maysakit. He gave physical to the sick (person). Alalayan mo ang maysakit. the sick (person). al´ am n. knowledge • maalam (ma-) adj. knowledgeable, well-versed • alam´in (-in) p.v. to know, to have a knowledge of, to find out. Alamin mo kung ano ang nangyari. Find out what happened. alam´ ang n. tiny shrimps alam´ at n. folklore, tradition al´ ambre n. wire alamp´ ay n. shoulder kerchief alang´ an adj. uncertain, doubtful, insufficient, not fitted, unfit, inadequate • mag-alangan (mag-) v. to be uncertain, to be doubtful. Nag-alangan siya sa sasabihin niya. He was uncertain about what he would say. alap´ aap n. clouds al´ as Sp n. ace (in playing cards).

alay ´ ´lat n. saltiness • a maalat (ma-) adj. salty • umalat (um-) v. to become salty. Umalat ang niluto ko. My cooking became salty. alay n. dedication, offering • ´ mag-alay, ialay, al´ ayan (mag-:i-:an) v. to dedicate, to offer. Mag-alay ka ng bulaklak sa Birheng Maria. Offer flowers to the Virgin Mary. alk´ alde Sp n. mayor alkansiy´ a Sp n. piggy bank alkil´ a Sp n. rent, hire • umalkila, alkilah´in (um-:in) v. to hire, to rent. Umalkila ka ng bahay. Rent a house. alkitr´ an Sp n. tar, pitch, asphalt [syn. aspalto] ale n. aunt, step mother, expression ´ addressed to a woman, reference to a woman Alem´ an n. German alikab´ ok n. dust • maalikabok (ma-) adj. dusty alig´i n. fat of crabs, shrimps alig´id adj. circling around • umaligid (um-) v. to circle around, to hang around. Umaligid sa kaniya ang maraming tao. Many people hovered around him. al´ila’ n. slave, maid, helper, servant alim´ ango n. a species of crab, big crab alim´ asag n. a species of crab with a spreckled shell al´in pron. which, which (one) alind´ og n. personal charm, gorgeousness alins´ angan – maalinsangan (ma-) adj. warm, hot aling adj. a title of familial respect ´ used before the first name of a woman; when the name is not appended, the noun form is – ´ ale aling´ asaw n. effusion or emanation of an offensive odor • umaalingasaw (-um-) v. to effuse or emanate an offensive odor. Umaalingasaw ang bulol ng isda. An

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al´ og offensive odor is emanating from the rotten fish. al´ipin n. slave alipung´ a n. athlete’s foot alipust´ a – mangalipusta, alipustah´in (mang-:-in) v. to maltreat, to ridicule, to deride, to insult. Nangalipusta siya ng mahihirap. He insulted the poor. al´is n. departure • mag-alis, alis´in (mag-:-in) v. to take away, to remove, to deduct. Alisin mo ang mesa sa kuwarto. Remove the table from the room umalis (um-) v. to leave, to depart, to go away. Umalis siya kahapon. He left yesterday. alitapt´ ap n. firefly al´iw n. consolation, comfort • mangaliw, aliw´in (mang-:-in) v. to console, to comfort. Aliwin mo siya. Console her. aliw´ alas n. clarity, spaciousness • maaliwalas (ma-) adj. clear, spacious, open, well-ventilated alm´ a Sp umalma (-um-) v. to rise on the hind legs. Umalma ang mailap na kabayo. The untamed horse rose on its hind legs. almir´ es n. a small stone mortar almir´ ol Sp laundry starch [var. amir´ ol ] almohad´ on n. cushion almur´ anas Sp n. piles (med.), hemorrhoids almus´ al n. breakfast [syn. ag´ ahan] mag-almusal (mag-) v. to have breakfast. Mag-almusal tayo ng maaga. Let’s have breakfast early. al´ ok n. offer • magalok, ialok, aluk´in (mag-:i-:in) v. to offer, to . Alukin mo siya ng pagkain. Offer him some food. al´ og n. shaking up • mag-alog, alug´in (mag-:-in) v. to shake the contents of [var. kalug´in]. Alugin mo ang kahon. Shake the box.

alon ´ umal´ og (um-) v. to shake. Umalog ang sasakyan. The vehicle shook. alon n. waves • ´ umalon (um-) v. to move like that of waves. Umalon nang malakas kahapon sa dagat. The waves on the ocean were big yesterday. alp´ as – umalpas, alpas´ an (um-:an) v. to become free, loose, untied (as animals) maka-alpas (maka-) v. to be able to break loose. Naka-alpas ang bilanggo. The prisoner was able to break loose. alpil´ er n. pin, brooch, safety pin alp´ ombra n. rug, carpet als´ a Sp n. a rising, as of dough • umalsa (um-) v. to rise. Umalsa ang puto. The rice cake rose. mag-alsa (mag-) v. to rebel to revolt to rise up against to stage a strike. Nag-alsa sila laban sa mga dayuhan. They rose up against the foreigners. mag-alsa, alsah´in, ialsa (mag-:in, i-) v. to lift something. Alsahin mo ito. Lift this up. alt´ ar n. altar, shrine alul´ od n. rain pipe, rain gutter, downspout, drain pipe alumpih´it adj. wriggling and twisting (due to discomfort or pain) alup´ihan n. centipede am n. broth of rice am´ a n. father [syn. t´ atay, it´ ay] amag n. mold, mildew ´ ama´in n. uncle [syn. t´io, t´iyo] am´ ang n. 1 reference to a boy [syn. t´ otoy, it´ oy, t´ oto] 2 elderly man (in some areas) [syn. M´ amang, Mang (both used with first name)] 3 a term for father in some areas [syn. Am´ a, T´ atay] amb´ a’ n. a threatening gesture • umamba’, amba´ an (um-:-an) v. to gesture threateningly. Inambaan niya ako. He gestured to me threateningly. amb´ ag n. contribution, share in a

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am´ oy collective affair • mag-ambag, iambag (mag-:i-) v. to contribute, to give a share of any kind. Mag-ambag tayo para sa mga mahihirap. Let’s give something for the poor. amb´ on n. drizzle, light rain, shower umambon (um-) v. to drizzle, to shower lightly. Umambon kahapon. It showered lightly yesterday. ambul´ ansiya Sp n. ambulance amerik´ ana n. suit (for men), sports jacket, coat [syn. dyaket] Amerik´ ano/a n. American (male / female) amin pron. first person plural ´ number pronoun (exclusive meaning – our ours us (exclusive) shows possession of location where preceded by sa. Pumunta ka sa amin. Go to our place. am´inin (-in) v. to it one’s mistake. Aminin mo na ang kasalanan mo. it your mistake now. amir´ ol n. starch [var. almir´ ol ] amo n. boss, master, employer, man´ ager amo’ n. 1 tameness 2 coaxing, sup´ plication • maamo’ (ma-) adj. tame, not wild am´ uin (-in) v. to placate. Amuin mo siya. Placate him. umamo’ (um-) v. to become tame, to become domesticated, submissive. Umamo ang mabangis na lion. The fierce lion became tame. amot n. something obtained or ´ bought at cost price • umamot, am´ utan (um-:-an) v. to obtain, procure, buy at cost price. Umamot ka sa kanya ng isang salo na bigas. He bought a ganta of rice at cost. am´ oy n. smell, odor, aroma, body odor, intensive smell, offensive smell amuy´in (-in) v. to smell something. Amuyin mo nga ito. Smell this. mangam´ oy (mang-) v. to become smelly or odorous. Nangamoy ang

ampalay´ a sirang pagkain. The spoiled food smelled bad. ampalay´ a n. bitter melon, balsam apple, amargoso amp´ aw n. puffed rice or corn, sugared popcorn amp´ on n. adopted child, protection in the form of adoption • mag-ampon, ampun´in (mag-:-in) v. to adopt. Ampunin mo ang bata. Adopt the child. an´ ak n. child, son/daughter, offspring • ipanganak (ipang-) v. to be born. Ipinanganak na bulag ang bata. The child was born blind. an´ ahaw n. palm tree anay n. termite, white ants ´ andad´ or Sp n. walking aid for babies and´ amyo Sp n. gangplank, slipway and´ ar Sp umandar (-um-) v. to work, function, to start as in machinery. Umandar ang kotse. The car started. angkla n. anchor ´ ani n. harvest, product • ´ mag-ani, umani, an´ihin (mag-, um-:-in) v. to harvest, to reap. Umani kami ng palay. We harvested rice. anib – umanib (um-) v. to an ´ organization, to be a member of. Umanib siya sa isang samahan. He ed an organization. anibers´ aryo n. anniversary anim num. six ´ an´inag adj. visible, transparent, translucent an´ino n. shadow, reflection an´is n. nutmeg anit n. scalp ´ an´ito n. deity, idol an´ o intj. what, as a greeting, it means hello anluw´ agi n. carpenter [var. alw´ agi] anod – maanod (ma-) v. to be car´ ried away by the current an´ urin (-in) v. carried away. Inanod

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angk´in ng tubig ang bakya. The water carried the wooden shoes away. ant´ a – maanta (ma-) adj. rancid (food) ant´ ena Sp n. antenna antim´ ano conj. beforehand anting-ant´ing n. amulet ant´ ok – inantok, antok´in (-in) v. to be sleepy. Inantok ang bata. The child got sleepy. anu-an´ o intj. plural form of the question word – ano – ”what” anum´ an pron. whatsoever usually occurs with ”walang” as in ”walang anuman ” to mean ” not at all or there is nothing to it” an´ unsiyo n. ment any´ aya n. invitation • mag-anyaya, anyay´ ahan (mag-:an) v. to invite. Nag-anyaya ako ng maraming bisita. I invited a lot of visitors. any´ o’ n. figure, form, appearance ang mkr. definite article similar to ´ ”the” that marks the topic of the sentence, focus marker, topic marker ang´ at – mag-angat, angat´in, iangat (mag-:-in, i-) v. to lift, to raise something. Angatin mo ang silya. Raise this up. umangat (um-) v. to rise, to progress, to get lifted. Umangat siya sa kanyang kabuhayan. His status in life was raised. angk´ an n. family, lineage angk´ as – mag-angkas, iangkas (mag-:i-) v. to take someone for a ride. Iangkas mo ako sa iyong bisikleta. You take me for a ride on your bicycle. umangkas, angkas´ an (um-:-an) v. to hitch a ride, to ride with someone. Umangkas ako sa kotse niya. I got a ride in his car. angk´in adj. inborn, native, having or possessing • mag-angkin (mag-) v. to possess (usually used in the incompleted aspect meaning ”possessing or

angk´ op having”. Nag-aangkin siya ng tanging kagandahan. She has natural beauty. mang-angkin, angkin´in (mang:-in) v. to claim ownership usually of something that legally belongs to someone else. Nang-angkin na naman ito ng hindi kanya. He’s claiming possession again of things that aren’t his. angk´ op adj. fit, proper, becoming angh´ ang n. pepperiness • maanghang (ma-) adj. spicy (food), peppery hot angh´ el n. angel apa n. this rolled wafer of rice starch ´ and red sugar, ice cream cone aparad´ or n. cupboard, clothes closet or cabinet, drawers apat num. four ´ apaw – umapaw (um-) v. to over´ flow, to innundate. Umapaw ang tubig sa kanal. The water overflowed from the canal. apd´ o n. bile, gall apely´ido n. surname, last name ap´i – mang-api, apih´in (mang:-in) v. to maltreat, to abuse, to oppress, to harm. Huwag mong apihin ang bata. Don’t maltreat the child. apl´ aya n. beach, seashore ap´ o n. grandchild (term of reference). apog n. lime ´ ap´ oy n. fire • maapoy (ma-) adj. fiery, flaming ap´ uhap – mang-apuhap, apuh´ apin (mang-:-in) v. to feel something by extending the hand. Inapuhap niya ang pera niya sa dilim. He groped for his money in the dark. umapuhap (um-) v. to feel out by extending the hand ap´ ulid n. water chestnut aral – mag-aral, ar´ ´ alin (mag-:-in) v. to study. Mag-aral ka ng iyong leksiyon. Study your lesson.

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as´in ar´ aro n. plow, plough • mag-araro, arar´ uin (mag-:-in) v. to plow. Mag-araro tayo ng bukid. Let’s plow the field. araw n. day, sun • ´ umaraw (um-) v. to shine brightly (the sun’s coming out). Umaraw kahapon. The sun was out yesterday. araw-´ ´ araw adv. every day albul´ aryo n. a quack doctor who usually used herbs for treatment of any kind of ailment arkil´ a Sp n. rent, rental [syn. alkil´ a] umarkil´ a, arkilah´in v. to rent, to pay for the use of property. Umarkila kami ng dyip para hakutin ang aming gamit. We hired a jeepney to haul our things. arkit´ ekto n. architect ari’ n. property ´ arm´ ado Sp adj. armed arm´ as Sp n. weapon, arms art´ista n. actor/actress (of the movie, stage, television, etc.) arug´ a’ – mag-aruga’ (mag-) v. tender care, nurture. Mag-aruga ka ng mga anak mo. Take care of your children. asa – umasa, as´ ´ ahan (um-:-an) v. to hope for, to expect. Asahan mong hindi kita malilimutan. Rest assured that I won’t forget you. asal n. custom, habit, behavior, ´ manners asar´ ol n. a large hoe • mag-asarol, asarol´in (mag-:-in) v. to use a hoe, to till the soil. Asarolin natin ang halaman. Let’s hoe the garden. as´ awa n. wife/husband, spouse (term of reference) asik´ aso Sp n. attention given to someone or some work • mag-asikaso, asikas´ uhin (mag-:in) v. to mind, to take care of, to attend to. Asikasuhin mo ang mga panauhin. Take care of the visitors. asim n. sourness • ´ maasim (ma-) adj. sour (food)

asind´ero as´in n. salt asind´ ero Sp n. land owner, plantation owner asist´i sp v. to wait on, to serve umasisti, asistih´ an (um-:-an) v. to assist, to help, to aid, to attend. Asistihan natin ang mga nangangailangan. Let’s help the needy. asn´ o n. donkey aso n. dog ´ as´ o n. smoke aspil´ e Sp n. pin, straight pin as´ ukal Sp n. sugar as´ ul Sp n. blue (color) asus´ ena sp n. tuberose asw´ ang n. ghost, evil spirit at conj. and, connects words, phrases, or entire sentences of equal syntactic rank • at iba pa phrase. etcetera, and so forth at´ ake Sp n. attack • aatak´ihin (-in) v. to attack, to have an attack. Aatakihin siya ng sakit sa puso. He will have a heart attack. ata´ ul n. coffin, bier at´ ay n. liver ate n. appellation for elder sister, ´ used with or without the given name (term of address reference) atin pron. first person plural num´ ber pronoun (inclusive meaning – our, ours, us (inclusive) shows possession of location when preceded by ”sa” at´ip n. roof, roofing atis n. sugar apple, custard apple ´ atom Eng n. atom ´ atr´ as – umatras (um-) to retreat, to back up, to move back. Umatras ang kotse. The car backed up. atras´ ado Sp adj. late, slow ats´ ara n. pickled papaya atsuw´ ete Sp n. shrub with burry fruits used for food coloring awa’ n. grace, pity, charity, compas´ sion • maawa’ (ma-) v. to take pity.

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´ayos Maawa ka sa akin. Pity me. ´was – umawas (-um-) v. to a overflow. Umawas ang tubig sa banyo. The water overflowed in the bathroom. awat n. pacification of quarreling ´ people • mang-awat, umawat, aw´ atin (mang-, um-:-in) v. to pacify a quarrel, to stand between a fight. Awatin mo sina Ben at David. Pacify Ben and David. away n. a quarrel, dispute • ´ mag-away (mag-) v. to quarrel (with each other). Nag-away ang matalik na magkaibigan. The close friends had a quarrel. mang-away, aw´ ayin (mang-:-in) v. to quarrel with somebody. Nangaway na naman si Minda. Minda started another quarrel. awit n. song, chant, hymn • ´ umawit, aw´itin (um-:-in) v. to sing. Umawit si Nenita sa klase. Nenita sang in class. awto n. car, automobile [syn. kotse] ´ ay part. connects the topic of the sentence and the predicate when the sentence is given in the reverse order; sentence inversion marker. Siya ay umalis. He left. ay! intj. an exclamation of surprise or pain ayaw – umay´ ´ aw, ayaw´ an (um-:an) pv. to back out from, to reject, to dislike, to refuse (opposite of gustuh´in). Umayaw siya sa aking plano. He rejected my plan. ayon adj. parallel to, in agreement ´ • adv. according to ...; as alleged by. Ayon sa sabi ng tao, mabait ka raw. According to what people say, you are good. • umayon, ay´ unan (um-:-an) v. to agree, to conform, to go along with. Umayon si Ernest sa balak ni Rosita. Ernest conformed with Rosita’s plan. ayos n. order • ´

ayw´ an

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maayos (ma-) adj. orderly, arranged, (well) fixed, just right • mag-ayos, ay´ usin (mag-:-in) v. to arrange, to put in order, to fix. Ayusin mo ang buhok ni Linda. Arrange Linda’s hair. ayw´ an phrase. be ignorant of something. Aywan ko. I don’t know. [var. ew´ an] [syn. di al´ am]

B ba part. question marker, expressive of interrogation in yes or no questions. Mayroon ba silang ginawa? Have they done anything? bab´ a’ n. descent • bumaba’, baba´in (um-:-in) v. to go down, to descend. Bumaba siya sa hagdan. He went down the stairs. b´ aba’ n. chin b´ aba’ – mababa’ (ma-) adj. short, low • magbab´ a’, ibab´ a’ (mag-:i-) v. to reduce, to take down, to carry to a lower level. Ibaba mo ang iyong timbang. Reduce your weight. bumaba’ (um-) v. to become shorter, to become cheaper. Bumaba ang presyo ng mga bilihin. The price of goods went down. bab´ ae n. woman • adj. female b´ abad – magbabad, bab´ arin, ibabad (mag-:in, i-) v. to soak. Ibabad mo ang damit sa sabon. Soak the dress in soap. babal´ a’ n. notice, sign b´ abaw adj. shallow bab´ ero n. bib b´ aboy n. pig, pork b´ aboy-ram´ o n. wild pig [var. b´ aboydam´ o] b´ aka n. cattle, cow, beef bak´ a adv. possibly, perhaps, maybe, might. Baka ka maputulan ng daliri. You might get your finger cut off. b´ akal n. iron, steel bakal´ aw n. cod

b´ aging bak´ as n. print, mark, trace • bumakas (um-) v. to mark or leave a mark, to leave a trail or vestige. Bumakas ang kanyang sampal. His slap left a mark bakasy´ on n. vacation, rest • magbakasyon (mag-) v. to take a vacation, to leave for a vacation, to go on a vacation. Magbabakasyon si Vida sa Texas. Vida will vacation in Texas. bakb´ ak – mabakbak adj. detached, decorticated • bakbak´ an (-an) v. to remove the bark or thick skin of something, to chastise (someone) bakb´ akan n. fight, altercation (slang) b´ akit int. why. Bakit ka naparito? Why have you come here? bakl´ a’ adj. effeminate man, hermaphrodite [syn. binaba´e ] bakl´i’ adj. broken (stick) b´ akod n. fence b´ akol n. a big basket (flat), a fourcornered bamboo basket with round opening baku-bak´ o’ adj. rugged (surface) bak´ una n. vaccination bak´ uran n. yard baky´ a’ n. wooden shoes, clogs bakyum-kl´iner Eng n. vacuum cleaner b´ aga n. embers, glowing coal b´ aga’ n. lung bag´ a adv. emphatic marker, throws more stress on the interrogation. Ikaw baga ay nagasawa? Did you (ever) get married? • conj. (+man) although bag´ ahe Sp n. baggage, luggage b´ agal adj. slow, sluggish bag´ ang n. molar (tooth) b´ agay n. thing, object b´ agay adj. becoming, proper, fit • bumagay, bag´ ayan (um-:-an) v. to suit, to conform. Bagayan mo ang ugali niya. Make adjustments to suit his ways.

b´ ago b´ aging n. vine, climber, creeper b´ ago adj. new, recent, modern • pagbabago (pag-) n. change b´ ago adv/conj. before, recently bag´ on n. freight car, wagon, van bago´ ong n. salty small fish of shrimp relish, anchovies, wet salted small fish or tiny shrimps [syn. alam´ ang] bags´ ak – bumagsak (um-) v. to fall, to fail. Bumagsak ang eroplanong sinasakyan ng pangulo. The airplane the president was on crashed. magbagsak, ibagsak (mag-:i-) v. to drop. Ibinagsak ng Totoy ang telepono. Totoy slammed down the telephone. bags´ik adj. violent, fierce, merciless, strict, cruel, severe bagy´ o n. storm, typhoon • bagyuh´in (-in) v. (phenomenal verb) to have a storm/typhoon. Baka ka bagyuhin sa probinsya. You might get hit by the storm in the province. bumagyo (um-) v. (phenomenal verb) to rain violently as in a storm or typhoon. Bumabagyo nang malakas. The storm is raging strong. bah´ a’ n. flood • binaha’ (-in) v. (phenomenal verb) to flood. Binaha ang buong bayan. The whole town was flooded. bumaha’ (um-) v. (phenomenal verb) to flood. Bumaha dahil sa lakas ng ulan. I flooded because of the strong rain. bah´ ag n. G-string, loin cloth with a part pulled between the thighs bahagh´ ari’ n. rainbow bah´ agi’ n. part, portion, piece bahagy´ a’ adj. hardly, barely bah´ ala’ n. an expression of uncertainty or responsibility. Bahala na kayo. The decision is yours. (It’s up to you.) mabah´ ala’ (ma-) adj. to feel concerned, worried, anxious

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balar´ila’ b´ ahay n. house b´ ahay-´ aso n. dog-kennel b´ ahay-bat´ a’ n. uterus bah´in n. sneeze • bumahin (-um-) v. to sneeze. Ako’y malimit bumahin kapag ako’y may sipon. I sneeze frequently when I have colds. b´ aho’ adj. foul odor, bad smell stinking odor bah´ ura n. reef [var. batuh´ an] bailar´ina Sp n. dancer (feminine), taxi-dancer ba´ile Sp n. ball, dance ba´it n. kindness • mabait (ma-) adj. kind, good, gentle, virtuous bait´ ang n. steps of a staircase baiw´ ang n. waist b´ ala n. bullet bal´ abal n. mantilla, wrap, shawl (apparel) • magbalabal, balab´ alin, ibalabal (mag-:-in, i-) v. to wrap oneself with a shawl, mantle, or kerchief. Magbalabal ka at nang hindi ka ginawin. Wrap yourself so you won’t get cold. b´ alak n. plan, intention • magbalak, binalak (mag-:-in) v. to plan, to intend to do. Binalak kong dalawin ka. I planned to visit you. balak´ ang n. hips, pelvis bal´ akid n. obstacle balak´ ubak n. dandruff bal´ ae n. parents and parents-in-law relationship (term of reference), a parent of one’s son or daughter-inlaw balah´ibo n. fine body hair, feather hair of fowls of woolly hair of animals, fur bal´ anse Sp n. balance, remainder b´ alang n. locust balang´ a’ n. wide mouthed earthen cooking pot balangk´ as n. framework balar´ila’ n. grammar [syn.

bal´ asa gram´ atika] bal´ asa – magbalasa, balas´ ahin (mag-:-in) v. to shuffle playing cards. Balasahin mo na ang baraha. Shuffle the cards (now). b´ alat n. birthmark (on skin) bal´ at n. bark of a tree, skin, peelings, leather balatkay´ o n. costume, disguise bal´ ato Sp n. money given away by a winning gambler as goodwill • magbalato, balat´ uhan (mag-:-an) v. donate, give away (money or winnings). Balatuhan mo sila. Give them some of your winnings. bal´ atong n. soybean balb´ as Sp n. beard balk´ on Sp n. porch, balcony [var. balkon´ ahe] bald´ ado Sp adj. disabled, crippled, overused bald´ e n. large can, pail, bucket [var. bald´i] bald´ osa Sp n. tile b´ ale Sp adj. value (used commonly as – ”hindi bale,” it’s all right never mind, ”bale wala’,” of no value) • n. promissory note • bumale (um-) v. to get a cash advance. Bumale ako dahil sa kapos ako ngayon. I got a cash advance because I’m broke now. b´ ale-b´ ale Sp adj. of quite some value baledikt´ oryan Eng n./adj. valedictorian b´ ali’ n. fracture • bal´i’ adj. fractured, broken • bumali’, binali’ (um-:-in) v. to break (usually with the hands). Binali ni Rogelio ang lapis sa kanyang galit. Rogelio broke the pencil in anger. balib´ ag n. to heave or throw something like a boomerang of a piece of wood or cane • bumalibag (um-) v. to be thrown, hurled magbalibag, ibalibag (mag-:i-)

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balintat´ aw to throw, hurl, cast an object. Ibinalibag ng bata ang kanyang laruan. The child threw down his toy. mangbalibag, balibag´in (mang:-in) v. to throw, hurl, cast an object at someone or something. Nambalibag si Pedro ng kahoy sa kanyang mga kalaro. Pedro hurled the stick to his playmates. bal´ibol n. awl, auger, bit [syn. bar´ena] bal´ik – bumalik (um-) v. to come back, to return. Bumalik si McArthur sa Pilipinas. McArthur returned to the Philippines. magbalik, ibalik (mag-:i-) v. to return something, to restore. Ibalik mo agad ang libro. Return the book early as soon as possible. mabalik (ma-) v. to be returned to former status. Nabalik sa kanya ang dati niyang bahay. He got back his former house. bal´ikat n. shoulder balikw´ as – bumalikwas (um-) v. to turn suddenly to the opposite side, to suddenly rise from a lying position. Bumalikwas ako sa kama nang narinig ko ang putok ng baril. I jumped out of bed when I heard the gunshot. magbalikwas, balikwas´in (mag-:in) to turn something suddenly to the opposite side baligt´ ad adj. inside-out, up-side down [var. baliktad ] • magbaligtad, baligtar´in, ibaligtad (mag-:-in, i-) v. to turn something over, to invert, to reverse, to tur inside-out. Baligtarin mo ang kinuha ko. Turn over those (clothes) I was sunbleaching. bumaligtad (um-) v. to turn over. Bumaligtad ang sasakyan. The car turned completely over. balimb´ing n. starfruit, a smal tree whose edible fleshy fruit has five longitudinal, angular lobes

balintaw´ ak balintat´ aw n. pupil (of the eye) balintaw´ ak n. woman’s native costume with butterfly sleeves, informal Balintaw´ ak n. historical place north of Manila where the first cry of the Revolution against Spain was made by Andres Bonifacio balintuw´ ad adj. bottom-up, upside-down [syn. baligt´ ad ] bal´isa n. anxiety • balis´ a adj. anxious, restless balis´ ong n. fan knife made in Batangas bal´ita’ n. news • adj. well-known, famous, talked about • magbalita’, ibalita’ (mag-:i-) v. to tell, to report, to relay the news. Ibalita mo naman sa amin ang nangyari. Let us know what happened. bal´iw n. crazy or demented person, maniac • adj. crazy, demented b´ alo n. widow, widower [var. b´ ao] [syn. biy´ udo/ biy´ uda] bal´ on n. a well (of water), a deep hole in the ground b´ alot n. covering, wrapping, takehome food • bal´ ot adj. covered, wrapped • magbalot, bal´ utin, ibalot (mag:-in, i-) v. to wrap, to encase, to envelope. Magbalot ka ng makakain natin. (You) wrap the food we’re going to eat. bals´ a n. raft b´ alse Sp n. waltz balt´ ak n. sudden, strong pull • mambaltak, baltak´in (mang-:-in) v. to pull suddenly. Baltakin mo siya at baka mahulog. Pull him or he might fall. balt´ik n. stubborness, head strongness balukt´ ot adj. crooked, curved, bent balunbal´ unan n. gizzard (of fowls) bal´ ustre n. banisters bal´ ut n. boiled duck’s egg with partially developed embryo (a native delicacy)

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bant´ a’ bal´ utan n. bundle, package baly´ ena Sp n. whale, white wax candle bamb´ ang n. canal [syn. kan´ al ] b´ anak n. mullet ban´ al adj. pious, virtuous ban´ as n. sultriness and humidity [syn. alins´ angan] • mabanas (ma-) adj. sultry and humid b´ anat n. a strike, sock, bow or stroke to hit something, a pull to stretch • ban´ at adj. taut, stretched • magbanat, ban´ atin (mag-:-in) v. to pull, to stretch. Banatin mo ang iyong buto sa trabaho. Stretch your bones with some work. ban´ ayad adj. moderate, soft, gentle (in manner) band´ a adj. towards or about a certain place or time, in the direction of b´ anda n. band of musicians, an organized group of musicians band´ ana Eng n. kerchief, scarf band´ eha Sp n. tray bandeh´ ado Sp n. platter, oblong china tray band´ era Sp n. flag, banner [var. band´ila] band´ido Sp n. bandit banid´ oso/a Sp adj. vain (masculine/ feminine) ban´ig n. mat b´ anil n. adhering dirt on neck [syn. lib´ ag] ban´ilya n. vanilla banl´ aw – magbanlaw, banlaw´ an (mag-:-an) v. to rinse, to cleanse. Banlawan mo ang mga kinula. Rinse the things you have sun bleached. banl´i’ n. scalding • magbanli’, banli´ an (mag-:-an) v. to scald, to sterilize. Banlian mo ang mga tinidor at kutsara. Scalp the forks and spoons. bans´ a’ n. country, nation bans´ ot adj. stunted (in growth), arrested in development

bant´ ad bant´ a’ n. threat • magbanta’, banta´ an (mag-:-an) v. to threaten. Binantaan niya ako. He threatened me. bant´ ad adj. sated, satiated [syn. saw´ a’, suy´ a’ ] bant´ ay n. guard, watcher • magbantay, bantay´ an (mag-:-an) v. to watch closely, to be on guard. Bantayan mo ang bahay. Guard the house. bant´ ayog n. monument bant´ og adj. famous bany´ aga’ n. foreigner • adj. foreign b´ anyo Sp n. bathroom, shower room b´ anyos Sp n. sponge bath [syn. p´ unas] bang´ a’ n. jar, earthen jar, for drinking water b´ angaw n. big fly bangk´ a’ n. boat, banca bangk´ ay n. corpse, cadaver bangk´ ero Sp boatman, banker, dealer and/or payer in gambling (shortened to ”bangk´ a’,” colloquially) bangk´ eta Sp n. sidewalk, footpath bangk´ ete Sp n. banquet bank´ito n. stool, small chair b´ angko Sp n. bank bangk´ o’ n. bench, stool bangg´ a’ – bumangga’ (-um-) v. to hit something, to collide with something. Bumangga ang kotse sa pader. The car ran into a stone wall. mabangga’ (ma-) v. to hit, collide against accidentally, to bump into. Nabangga ang kotse sa pader. The car ran against the stone wall. ibangga’, bangga´in (mag-:i-:-in) v. to ram an object against something, to collide against something. Binangga ng kotse ang pader. The car ran into the stone wall. mangbangga’ (mang-:-in) v. to hit or ram against. Nambangga siya ng kotse ko. He bumped my car. bangg´ era Sp n. extension from

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bar´ a windows where the chinaware is kept [var. banggerah´ an] bangg´it – bumanggit, banggit´in (-um-:-in) v. to mention, to cite. Binanggit niya sa akin ang nangyari. He mentioned to me what had happened. bang´in n. ravine, abyss, precipice bang´is n. ferocity, wildness • mabangis (ma-) adj. cruel, fierce bang´ o n. aroma, fragrance • mabango (ma-) adj. fragrant, sweet-smelling b´ angon n. rising from a lying position • bumangon (-um-) v. to rise from a lying position, to get up from bed. Bumangon siya nang maaga kanina. He got up early a while ago. magbangon, ibangon (mag-:i-) v. to raise something, to see something in an upright position. Ibangon mo ang may sakit. Help the sick person get up. bang´ us n. milk fish b´ ao n. coconut shell without husk or meat ba´ ol n. footlocker, chest, a rectangular trunk (for clothes) b´ aon n. provision or supply of food taken on a journey • magbaon, ba´ unin, ibaon (mag-:in, i-) v. to carry provisions or supplies usually food. Magbaon ka nang di ka gutumin. Take enough food to keep you from getting hungry. ba´ on – buma´ on (-um-) v. to become buried, to sink. Buma´ on ang sapatos ko sa putik. My shoes got stuck in the mud. magbaon, ibaon (mag-:i-) v. to bury something. Ibaon mo ang patay na pusa. Bury the dead cat. bap´ or n. ship, boat, steamship bar´ a – bumara (-um-) v. to cause an obstruction. Bumara sa daan ang nabuwal na kahoy. The uprooted tree blocked the road (path). magbara, ibara (mag-:i-) v. to

bar´ aha bar, to hinder, to obstruct with something. Ibara mo ang mga bato sa daan. Block the road (path) with stones. bar´ aha n. playing cards barand´ilya n. handrail bar´ aso n. arm bar´ at adj. niggardly, stingy, miserly b´ arbel Eng n. weights (used in weightlifting) barb´ ero Sp n. barber barbery´ a Sp n. barbershop bar´ ena n. drill bar´ eta n. bar bar´il n. gun • bumaril (-um-) v. to shoot with a gun. Bumaril si Pedro. Pedro shot the gun. magbaril (mag-) v. to shoot oneself. Magbaril ka. (You) shoot. mamaril, baril´in (mang-:-in) to shoot at something. Barilin mo ang ibon. Shoot the bird. bar´iles n. barrel barn´is n. varnish b´ aro’ n. dress, upper garment [syn. bestido, damit] b´ arungb´ arong n. make-shift shack b´ arong-Tag´ alog n. man’s native shirt, formal attire barumb´ ado adj. temperamental bary´ a n. loose or small change, coins b´ aryo Sp n. barrio, subdivision of a town b´ asa – bumasa (-um-) v. to read. Bumasa ka ng tula. Read a poem. magbas´ a, bas´ ahin (mag-:-in) v. to read something. Basahin mo ang diyaryo. Read the newspaper. bas´ a’ adj. wet • mabasa’ (ma-) v. to become wet, drenched b´ asag n. break, crack • b´ asag adj. broken makabasag, mabasag (maka-:ma) v. to break china, glassware, or earthenware accidentally, to be able to break. Nabasag niya ang mga pinggan. He broke the plates.

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b´ ati’ magbas´ ag, bas´ agin (mag-:-in) v. to break glassware, china, earthenware, to crack, to break repeatedly, deliberately. Baka basagin ng bata ang plorera. The child might break the flower vase. bas´ ahan n. cleaning rag b´ asket Eng n. basket basketb´ ol Eng basketabll • magbasketbol (mag-) v. to play basketball b´ asi’ n. rice wine b´ aso n. drinking glass, drinking cup bast´ a Sp adv. an interjection meaning enough, just, as long as bast´ on n. cane, walking cane bast´ os adj. uncouth, rude, impolite, impertinent bas´ ura n. trash, garbage basurah´ an (-an) n. garbage container, trash can, a place where garbage or trash is thrown basur´ ero n. garbageman, garbage collector b´ ata n. nightgown, robe, dressing gown b´ ata’ n. child b´ ata’ adj. young, immature bat´ a – magbata, bumata (mag-:in) v. to endure, to tolerate, to bear, to suffer. Nagbata ng hirap ang aking ina para sa aking kinabukasan. My mother endured hardships for my future. b´ atak – bumatak, bat´ akin (-um-:in) v. to pull, to stretch [var. balt´ ak ]. Batakin mo ang lubid. Stretch the rope. batal´ an n. rear of barrio house for washing and for storage of water bat´ as n. law b´ ataw n. hyacinth bean b´ atay – ibatay (i-) v. to base on something. Ibinatay sa tula ni Rizal ang drama. The drama was based on Rizal’s poem. bateriy´ a Sp n. storage battery, flashlight battery Bath´ ala’ n. God

b´ ating sut b´ ati’ – bumati’, bat´iin (-um-:-in) v. to greet, to welcome, to salute, to congratulate. Binati namin ang mga bagong dating. We welcomed the new arrivals. b´ ating sut Eng n. bathing suit bating´ aw n. bell [syn. kamp´ ana’ ] b´ atis n. stream, creek, spring bat´ o n. stone, kidney b´ atok n. nape (of neck), back of neck bat´ og n. shelled and boiled cork tp which grated coconut and salt are added b´ atsoy Ch n. chopped and sauteed entrails of pig with soup batubal´ ani’ n. magnet bat´ ugan adj. lazy, indolent bat´ uta’ Sp n. policeman’s club, truncheon baty´ a’ n. laundry tub, flat basin ba´ ul Sp n. clothes chest, trunk, footlocker b´ awal adj. forbidden, prohibited magbawal, ibawal, baw´ alan (mag-:i-:-an) to prohibit, to forbid. Ibawal mo ang pagsisigarilyo sa loob ng klase. Prohibit smoking in the classroom. b´ awang n. garlic b´ awas – magbawas, ibawas (mag:i-) v. to lessen, to remove (something) from bawa’t pron. each, every, as in – ”bawa’t isa”, everyone, everybody b´ awi’ n. recovery from losses, retraction bumawi’, baw´iin (-um-:-in) to recover. Bumawi ka na lang sa susunod. Just make up for it the next time. mambawi’ (mang-) v. to get back what was give away, reclaim. Nambawi si Jose ng mga regalong ibinigay niya sa akin. Jose took back the gifts he gave me. b´ aya – bay´ aan (-an) v. to allow or tolerate (a situation), to let someone alone [var. hay´ aan]. Bayaan mo siya. Let him alone.

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b´etsin bay´ abas n. guava b´ ayad n. payment, fare • magbayad, bay´ aran (mag-:-an) v. to pay for, to compensate. Magbayad tayo ng utang. Let’s pay the debt. Bayaran mo ang kinain natin. Pay for what we have eaten. bay´ ag n. testicle b´ ayan n. town, country, fatherland bay´ ani n. hero bay´ aw n. brother-in-law (term of reference) bay´ awak n. large lizard bayb´ ay n. seashore baybay-d´ agat n. sea coast bayb´ ayin n. coast baylar´ina n. ballerina, ballet dancer, a dancer [var. bailar´ina] bay´ o – magbayo, bayuh´in (mag-:in) v. to pound, to crush. Bayuhin mo ang palay. Pound the unhusked rice. bayon´ eta n. bayonet bay´ ong n. large bag bayt´ ang n. grade, level, step [var. beyt´ ang] bayw´ ang n. waist [var. b´ewang] b´ eke’ n. mumps b´ eking p´ awder Eng n. baking powder b´ ekon Eng n. bacon be´isbol Eng n. baseball b´ elo Sp n. veil b´ enda Sp n. (surgical) bandage bendisy´ on Sp n. benediction b´ enta Sp n. sales, income from sales magbenta, ibenta (mag-:i-) to sell. Ibenta mo ang niluto mong pansit. Sell the pancit you cooked. bentilad´ or Sp n. ventilating fan, electric fan bengg´ ansa Sp n. vengeance ber´ anda Sp n. porch, verandah b´ erde adj. green berd´ ugo Sp n. executioner of death sentence berib´ eri Sp/Eng n. beriberi best´ido n. dress [syn. b´ aro’ ] beter´ ano Sp n. veteran

b´eynte b´ etsin n. monosodium glutamate, food seasoning b´ eynte Sp num. twenty b´ eynte-s´ingko Sp num. twenty-five bib´ ero Sp bib b´ibi n. duck bib´ig n. mouth bib´ingka n. rice cake bik´ig n. foreign matter (as fishbone) stuck in the throat Bikol´ ano/a n. a person from the Bikol region (masculine/feminine) b´ida – magbida, ibida (mag-:i-) v. to tell or relate a story or happening. Ibida mo naman sa amin ang biyahe mo. Tell us about your trip. big´ as n. rice (husked), uncooked rice big´ at n. weight, heaviness • mabigat (ma-) adj. heavy big´ ay – magbigay, ibigay, bigyan (mag:i-:-an) v. to give. Ibigay mo ang lapis sa kanya. Give the pencil to him. bigk´ as n. pronunciation bigh´ ani’ n. charm, seduction bigl´ a’ adv. suddenly, immediately big´ o’ adj. frustrated, disappointed big´ ote n. moustache bigti – magbigti, bigtih´in (mag-:in) v. to hang or strangle oneself. Nagbigti siya sa sama ng loob. He strangled himself because of sadness. b´ihag n. prisoner-of-war b´ihag n. prisoner-of-war, captive bih´ asa Sp adj. accustomed, used to bih´ilya Sp n. fasting bih´ira’ adv. seldom, rarely b´ihis n. the clothes one wears • bih´is adj. well-dressed dressed up magbihis, ibihis, bih´isan (mag-:i:-an) v. to change clothes. Bihisan mo ang bata. Dress the child. b´ihon n. rice noodle bi´ik n. young of a pig, piglet bil´ ad – magbilad, ibilad (mag-:i-) v. to put under the sun, to dry, to expose to the sun. Ibilad mo ang palay. Spread the palay (under the sun). b´ilang n. number, numeral •

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bil´ing bumilang (-um-) v. to count. Bumilang ka hanggang sampu. Count up to ten. magbil´ ang, bil´ angin (mag-:-in) v. to count something. Bilangin mo ang mga sisiw. Count the chickens. bilangg´ o’ n. prisoner • mabilanggo’ (ma-) v. to be imprisoned, to be put in jail, to be jailed. Nabilanggo siya. He was imprisoned. ibinilanggo (i-) v. to imprison, to captivate. Ibinilanggo ang nakapatay. The murderer was imprisoned. bilangg´ uan n. prison [syn. bil´ibid ] bil´ ao n. winnowing basket (for removing rice chaff) bil´ as n. brother-in-law’s wife or sister-in-law’s husband (term of reference) bilas´ a’ adj. stale, not fresh bil´i – bumili, bilh´in, bilh´ an (-um-:-in:an) v. to buy, to purchase. Bumili ng bahay si Gng. Cruz. Mrs. Cruz bought a house. magbili, ipagbili (mag-:ipag-) v. to sell. Ipinagbili nila ang kanilang lupa at bahay. They sold their house and lot. bil´ibid n. prison [syn. bilangg´ uan] • ibilibid (i-) v. to tie around a twine or cord several times, to bind, to imprison. Ibilibid mo ang lubid sa poste. Tie the rope around the post. b´ilin – magbilin, ibilin (mag-:i-) v. to make a request or order something. Magbilin ka na ng gusto mo habang narito pa ako. Order what you want while I’m still here. bil´ing adj. turned over, bent, inclined • bumiling (-um-) v. to turn around. Bumiling ka. Turn over. mabiling (ma-) v. to be turned aside. Nabiling ang mukha niya sa lakas ng sampal. His head was turned aside by the force of the slap. His face was swung aside by the force of the slap.

b´ilog magbiling, biling´in, ibiling (mag-:-in, i-) v. to turn over, to turn around. Ibiling mo ang ulo ng bata sa unan. Turn the head of the child on the pillow. b´ilog n. circle, roundness • mabilog (ma-) adj. round, circular b´inat n. relapse • mabinat (ma-) v. to have a relapse. Nabinat siya sa katratrabaho. He had a relapse because of overwork. bin´ atin (-in) v. to cause to have a relapse. Huwag mo siyang binatin. Don’t strain him (or he might have a relapse). bil´is n. speed • mabilis (ma-) adj. speedy, rapid, fast, swift bilis´ an (-an) v. to make fast, hurry, speed up. Bilisan mo ang takbo ng kotse. Drive the car faster. bilog n. dimples bily´ ar Sp n. billiard b´impo Ch n. small face towel binab´ ae adj. hermaphrodite, effeminate [syn. bakl´ a’ ] bin´ ata’ n. unmarried man, bachelor binat´ og n. steamed or boiled grains of corn mixed with coconut gratings and salt bindisy´ on Sp n. benediction bind´ita Sp n. holy water bindit´ ado Sp adj. blessed, holy binh´i’ n. seed (chosen for the nursery) binib´ini n. miss, unmarried young woman binl´id n. rice particles b´inta Sp n. small swift sailboat bint´ ana’ Sp n. window bint´ ang – magbintang, ibintang (mag-:i-) v. to lay the blame on somebody, to impute, to accuse somebody. Ibintang mo ang lahat kay Rosita. Blame everything on Rosita. bint´i’ n. leg, calf of a leg biny´ ag n. baptism • magbiny´ a, binyag´ an (mag-:-an)

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b´itay v. to baptize someone. Nagbinyag ng mga bata ang pari kahapon. The priest baptized the children yesterday. bing´i Ch adj. deaf b´ingit n. edge, rim [syn. g´ilid ] bingw´it n. pole, hook, line and sinker for fishing [var. binw´it] • mamingwit (mang-:-in) v. to fish with a hook, line and sinker. Mamingwit tayo ng isda bukas. Let’s go fishing (with hook, line and sinker) tomorrow. b´iro’ n. a joke • magbiro’, bir´ uin (mag-:-in) v. to tease, to make fun of. Huwag magbiro sa lasing. Don’t make fun of drunks. b´isa’ – mabisa’ (ma-) adj. forceful, effective bis´ agra n. hinge biskw´it n. cookies, crackers, and the like b´ise adj. vice (affix preceding an official rank or title). Bise-presidente. Vice-president bis´ikleta n. bicycle b´isig n. biceps bis´ita n. guest, visitor bumisita, bisit´ ahin (-um-:-in) to pay a visit. Bumisita kami sa ospital. We visited (someone) in the hospital. bist´ik Eng n. beefsteak b´isto Sp adj. obvious, discovered [var. bist´ ado] b´isyo Sp n. vice, bad habits b´itag n. snare for birds, based on a looped twine bit´ aw n. release of hold • bumitaw (-um-) v. to release one’s hold. Huwag kang bumitaw sa renda ng kabayo. Don’t release the reins of the horse. b´itay – magbitay (mag-) v. to hang oneself by the neck. Magbitay ka. Hang yourself. bit´ ayin, ibitay (-in, i-) v. to hang (by the neck). Ibitay mo ang

bitb´it kriminal. (You) hang the criminal. bitb´it – magbitbit, bitbit´in (mag:-in) v. to carry or hold dangling from the fingers or the hand. Bitbitin mo nga ang mga daeng. Carry the dried fish. b´itin n. dangling prizes and favors • bit´in adj. hanging, suspended bum´itin (-um-) v. to hang. Bumitin si Rogelio sa punong kahoy. Rogelio dangled from the tree. magbitin, ibitin (mag-:i-) v. to hang something. Ibitin mo ang mga daeng. Hang the dried fish. bit´iw – bumitiw (-um-) v. to release one’s hold or grip [var. bumit´ aw ]. Bumitiw siya ss aking pagkakahawak. He released himself from my grip. magbit´iw, bit´iwan (mag-:-an) v. to resign, to let go [var. magbit´ aw, bit´ awan]. Nagbitiw ang kalihim sa kanyang katungkulan. The secretary resigned from his job. b´its Eng n. beets b´itsin Ch n. flavoring powder, seasoning [var. b´etsin] bit´ uka n. intestine bitu´in n. star biy´ ak – magbiyak, biyak´in (mag:-in) v. to cleave; to split, to break in two, halve. Biyakin mo nga ang niyog. (You) cleave the coconut open. biy´ ahe n. trip, journey biyah´ ero Sp n. voyager, traveller biy´ as n. flank, internode biy´ aya’ n. favor, grace, mercy biyen´ an n. mother-in-law or fatherin-law (term of reference for parentsin-law) [var. biyan´ an] Biy´ ernes Sp n. Friday Biy´ ernes S´ anto Sp n. Good Friday biyol´in n. violin biyolin´ista Sp n. violinist biy´ udo/ a Sp n. widow / widower bl´ angko Sp adj. nothing, blank bl´ usa Sp n. blouse b´ obo Sp adj. dumb, stupid, dull

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buk´ aka’ bokabul´ aryo Sp n. vocabulary b´ oksing Eng n. boxing b´ odabil Fr n. vaudeville bod´ ega Sa n. storeroom, warehouse b´ ola Sp n. ball • mambola, bol´ ahin (mang-:-in) v. to flatter, to jest, to put someone on. Nambola siya ng husto. He flattered (someone) a lot. b´ oling Eng magboling v. to bowl (sport) b´ olpen Eng n. ball point bolunt´ aryo n. volunteer, peace corps volunteer b´ omba Sp n. pump Bomb´ ay n. Indian (native of India) bomb´ ero Sp n. fireman bomb´ilya Sp n. electric light bulb b´ oses Sp n. voice [syn. t´inig] b´ ota Sp n. boots, rainboots b´ ote Sp n. bottle [syn. bot´elya] bot´ika n. drugstore, pharmacy [syn. parm´ asya] b´ oto Sp n. vote • bumoto (-um-) v. to vote. Bumoto tayo sa darating na halalan. Let’s vote in the coming elections. iboto (i-) v. to vote for someone. Iboto natin ang mabuting kandidato. Let’s vote for the good candidate. bra Eng n. bra [var. brasiy´er ] bras Eng n. brush. Bras sa buhok. Hairbrush. brasiy´ er Fr n. bra br´ aso Sp n. arm brily´ ante Sp n. diamond br´ otsa Sp n. painter’s brush (large) br´ uha n. witch, old hag bub´ ong n. roof bub´ ot adj. unripe, immature bub´ uyog n. bumble-bee buk´ a adj. open • bumuka (-um-) v. Bumuka na ang buko. The bud opened. ibuka (i-) v. Ibuka mo ang bibig mo. Open your mouth. buk´ aka’ – nakabukaka’ (naka-) adj. wide apart (as legs when standing with feet wide apart) [syn.

buk´ ana bikak´ a’ ] buk´ ana n. front, threshold buk´ ang-bib´ig n. favorite expression; favorite topic of conversation [var. buk´ ambibig] buk´ ang-liwayw´ ay n. break of dawn, dawn [syn. madal´ing-´ araw ] b´ ukas adv. tomorrow buk´ as – bumukas (-um-) v. to be opened. Bumukas ang pinto sa lakas ng hangin. The door was opened because of the strong wind. magbukas, ibukas, buks´ an (mag:i-, -an) v. to open something. Buksan mo ang bintana. Open the window. buk´ ayo’ n. grated coconut cooked with sugar bukb´ ok Ch n. bow weevil, wood borer, wood tick, decay (teeth) b´ ukid n. field, farm, rice field bukl´ at – magbuklat, buklat´in, ibuklat (mag-:-in, i-) v. to open a book or a magazine, to turn the pages of a reading material. Buklatin ninyo ang aklat. Open the book. b´ uko n. bud, young coconut buk´ od – bumukod (-um-) v. to separate from, to segregate. Bumukod na siya sa amin. He separated himself from us. magbukod, ibukod (mag-:i-) v. to set apart, to exclude, to set aside. Ibukod mo ang para kay Dadong. Set aside what is for Dadong. buk´ od conj. besides, in addition to. bukod sa asawa niya... besides his wife... b´ ukol n. tumor, swelling bukungb´ ukong n. ankle budb´ od – magbudbod, ibudbod (mag-:i-) v. to sprinkle, to scatter, to sow. Magbudbod ka ng palay sa manok. Scatter palay for the chickens. budh´i’ n. conscience bu´ ena m´ ano Sp n. first customer of the day who is believed to bring good luck in business (lit.:Sp. good hand)

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bul´ a’ bu´ eno Sp part. if that is so, in that case, well then bug´ a – bumuga, bugah´in (-um:-in) v. to spit or blow some liquid from the mouth. Binuga niya ang mainit na kape. He spat out the hot coffee. magbuga, ibuga (mag-:i-) v. to force out of the mouth by a sudden blow. Ibuga mo ang tubig. Spit out the water. bugamb´ilya n. bougainvilla bugb´ og adj. bruised, squashed (of fruits, vegetables) • mambugbog, bugbug´in (mang-:in) v. to club or pound, to beat up. Binugbog siya ng kanyang kaaway. He was beaten up by his enemies. bugh´ aw adj. blue bugn´ ot n. exasperation bug´ ok adj. putrid, rotten bugt´ ong n. riddle bugt´ ong adj. one and only (child) buhagh´ ag adj. spongy, loose (not adhesive) buh´ angin n. sand b´ uhat – bumuhat, buh´ atin (-um:-in) v. to lift, to carry b´ uhat conj. eversince [var. magbuhat]. Buhat nang nag-asawa siya, naging matipid siya. Eversince she got married, she became frugal. b´ uhay n. life • buh´ ay adj. alive b´ uhay-may´ aman n. rich life, an easy-going, affluent life buh´ awi’ n. cyclone, tornado buh´ ok n. hair buh´ ol – magbuhol, ibuhol (mag:i-) v. to make a knot, to tie securely. Ibuhol mo ang lubid. Make a knot with the rope. b´ uhos – bumuhos (-um-) v. to pour. Bumuhos ang malakas na ulan. The heavy rain poured. magbuhos, ibuhos (mag-:i-) v. to pour something. Ibuhos mo ang tubig sa ulo niya. Pour the water on his head.

b´ ulak bul´ a’ n. foam, bubbles b´ ulak n. cotton bulakb´ ol adj. truant, vagabond, jobless bulakl´ ak n. flower • mamulakl´ ak (mang-) v. to bloom. Namulaklak ang mga halaman sa hardin. The plants bloomed in the garden. bulal´ akaw n. shooting star, meteor bul´ ag adj. blind bulast´ og adj. (sl) mean, rude, boastful, rash bul´ ati n. earthworm [var. bul´ ate] bulb´ ol n. pubic hair bulk´ an n. volcano bulg´ ar Sp adj. vulgar, coarse b´ ulik adj. white and black (feather of roosters) bul´id – mabulid (ma-) v. to fall off or down bul´ig n. medium-sized mudfish bul´ilit adj. dwarfish, small bul´ ok adj. decayed, spoiled, rotten bul´ ong – bumulong (-um-) v. to whisper, to mumble. Bumulong siya sa akin. He whispered to me. magbulong, ibulong (mag-:i-) v. to whisper something. Ibulong mo sa kanya ang sinabi ko. Whisper to him what I said. buls´ a n. pocket b´ ulto n. volume bulunt´ aryo Sp n. volunteer [var. bolunt´ aryo] bul´ utong n. smallpox buly´ aw n. loud or shouted rebuke or reproach, angry and sudden shout to drive away fouls and animals bulyaw´ an (-an) to shout at, to rebuke or reproach. Bulyawan mo ang mga maingay na bata. Shout at the noisy children. bumb´ unan n. crown or top of head, specially of babies when still soft bund´ at adj. glutted, full (so well-fed that the abdomen is distended) bund´ ok n. mountain b´ uni n. ringworm

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bungg´ o’ bun´ o’ – magbuno’ (mag-) v. to wrestle with each other. Nagbuno sila. They wrestled with each other. mambuno’, bunu´in (mang-:-in) v. to wrestle. Bunuin mo nga siya. Wrestle with him. bun´ ot n. coconut husk b´ unot – bumunot, bun´ utin (-um:-in) v. to pull out, to uproot, to extract. Bunutin mo ang damo. Pull out the grass. magbunot, bun´ utin (mag:-in) v. to pull out something (a gun). Nagbunot siya ng baril. He pulled out a gun. buns´ o’ n. youngest in the family (term of reference) bunt´ al – mambuntal, buntal´in (mang-:-in) v. to give a blow, to knock with fists. Binuntal ng butangero ang matanda. The gangster gave the old man a blow. bunt´is adj. pregnant bunt´ ot n. tail bunt´ on n. heap, pile • bumunton (-um-) v. to pile up, to crowd in. Bumunton ang basura sa bangketa. The garbage piled up on the sidewalk. magbunton, ibunton (mag-: i-) v. to put into a pile, to put in a heap or mound. Ibunton mo ang maruming damit sa batya. Pile the dirty clothes on the wash basin. b´ unga n. fruit, betel nut palm b´ ungad n. front [syn. harap´ an, buk´ ana] b´ ungang-´ araw n. prickly heat bung´ anga’ ng bulk´ an n. (volcano) crater bungk´ al – magbungkal, bungkal´in (mag-:-in) v. to till the soil, to dig out bungk´ os n. bundle, package bungg´ o’ n. impact • bumunggo’ (-um-) v. to hit, to bump with something. Bumunggo ang ulo niya sa pader. His head hit the wall.

b´ ungi’ m´ abunggo’ (ma-) v. to hit or bump against accidentally, to make an impact. Nabunggo ang kotse sa pader. The car hit the wall. magbunggo’, ibunggo’ (mag-:i-) v. to ram an object against something, to bump against something. Ibunggo mo ang ulo niya sa pader. Ram his head against the wall. bunggu´in (mang-:-in) v. to hit or bump against. Bungguin mo ang pader. (You) ram against the wall. b´ ungi’ n. jag, dent, notch, nick • bung´i’ adj. toothless, missing tooth nab´ ungi’, mab´ ungi’ (ma-) v. Nabungi siya. He lost his tooth. bungisng´is n. one who giggles a lot bung´ o’ n. skull bu´ o’ adj. entire, complete, whole bur´ a – magbura, burah´in (mag-:in) v. to erase, to remove traces of. Burahin mo ang mga maling sagot. Erase the wrong answers. burd´ a n. embroidery • burd´ ado adj. embroidered magburda, burdah´ an (mag-:-an) v. to embroider. Burdahan mo ang punda ng unan. Embroider the pillowcase. b´ ur´i n. a kind of palm tree b´ uro n. pickles (usually green mangoes) • adj. preserved in salt, picled or salted • magburo, buruh´in, iburo (mag:-in, i-) v. to pickle, to salt. Binuro niya ang manggang hilaw. He pickled the green/unripe mangoes. bur´ ol n. hill bus n. bus bus´ abos n. lowly slave b´ usal n. corncob bus´ al n. muzzle busl´ o’ n. a kind of basket bus´ og adj. full, satiated • mabus´ og (ma-) v. to be full, satisfied, satiated (from eating). Nabusog ako sa dami nang inihanda mo. I was full because you served a lot of food.

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buy´ o butang´ ero/a n. gangster, ruffian (male/female) b´ utas n. hole but´ ete n. tadpole b´ uti n. goodness • mabuti (ma-) adj. fine, good butik´i’ n. lizard b´ util n. grain, cereal, kernel butl´ig n. little cyst-like growth on the skin but´ o n. seed, bone but´ ones n. buttons buts´ e n. crop of a chicken buw´ al – bumuwal (-um-) v. to fall down, to drop down mabuwal (ma-) v. to fall flat on the ground, to out. Nabuwal ang puno. The tree fell. magbuwal, ibinuwal (mag-:i-) v. to cut down, to push down. Ibinuwal niya ang puno. He felled the tree. buw´ an n. month, moon buw´ aya n. crocodile buw´ elta – bumuw´ elta (-um-) v. to turn around, to go back, to return. Bumuelta siya pagdating sa kanto. He turned back when he reached the corner. ibuw´ elta (i-) v. to turn a vehicle around, to go back. Ibuwelta mo na ang kotse. Turn the car around. buw´ig n. bunch or cluster of bananas (fruits) buw´is n. tax, as on land buw´isit Ch adj. 1 jinx, ill-omened 2 annoying, vexing [syn. m´ alas] buy´ o – mambuyo, magbuyo, ibuyo (mang-, mag-:i-) v. to incite, to induce, to stimulate. Huwag mo siyang ibuyo sa away. Don’t incite him to quarrel.

ka

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K ka pron. you (sing.), second person (sing.), belongs to the ang pronoun set) • ka- aff. (+ reduplication of the first consonant and vowel of the verb root) means a recently completed action K´ a adj. appellation for elders and distant uncles or aunts, as Ka Pedro or Ka Juana, from kapatid meaning ‘sibling’ ka´ anib n. partner (from a ´nib) k´ aarawan n. birthday (´ araw) ka´ away n. enemy, opponent (from away) ´ kabab´ aan n. lowland (from bab´ a’) kabab´ ayan n. townmate (from b´ ayan) [var. kab´ ayan] k´ abag n. gas pain kab´ an n. measure of palay, a sack, a cavan kab´ aong n. coffin k´ abaret Eng n. cabaret, dance hall kab´ ayo Sp n. horse kabes´ era Sp n. the head of a table (at meal time) [var. kabis´era] kab´ibi n. empty clam shell k´ abig – kumabig, kab´igin (-um:-in) v. to draw or pull towards one’s self, to collect the winnings in gambling, to gather in. Kumabig siya ng malaki. He gathered in a big share. mangkabig, kab´igin (mang-:-in) v. Kabigin mo ang pinanalunan mo. Get your winnings. kabihasn´ an n. culture (from bih´ asa) kabil´ a’ adv. otherside k´ abinet Eng n. cabinet, dresser kab´isa Sp n. memorization • mangabisa, kabis´ ahin (mang-:-in) v. to memorize. Kabisahin mo ang tula. Memorize the poem. kabis´ ado Sp adj. memorized, learned by rote

kahal´ili kabis´ ote Sp adj. dull headed kabut´ihan n. goodness (b´ uti) kab´it – kumabit (-um-) v. to fasten, attach, connect, to cling to. Kumabit sa kaniya ang linta. The leech clung on to him. mag-kabit, ikabit (mag-:i-) v. to fasten, link, , connect something to something. Ikabit mo ang kandado sa pinto. Put the padlock on the door. kabulastug´ an n. bluff, boastfulness (bulast´ og) kabut´i n. mushroom kakan´in n. tidbits, dainties, sweetmeats, snacks (from k´ ain) kak´ aw n. cocoa k´ aki Sp n/adj. khaki (a kind of brown cloth specially used for military uniforms) kakil´ ala n. acquaintance (from kil´ ala) kaeskuw´ ela n. classmate (from eskuw´ela) kadal´ asan (ka:-an) adv. often, usually (from dal´ as). Kadalasan ay hindi siya nag-aalmusal. He does not have breakfast often. kad´ ena Sp n. chain [syn. tanikal´ a’ ] kad´ ena de am´ or n. chain of love, Mexican creeper kad´ ete Sp cadet kagab´i adv. last night (from gab´i) kagal´it n. one with whom a person has quarreled, an enemy (fromgal´it) kagamp´ an adj. in the last month of pregnancy, maturity of pregnancy (from gan´ ap) kag´ at Mal n. bite • kumagat, kagat´in (-um-:-in) v. to bite. Kumagat siya sa aking bayabas. She took a bite off my guava. mangagat, kagat´in (mang-:-in) v. to bite. Nangangagat ang aso nila. Their dog bites. k´ agaw n. germs, bacteria kagitn´ a’ n. half-pint (from gitn´ a’) k´ aha Sp n/qnt. a pack, usually of cigarettes, a case

kah´ apon kahal´ili n. successor, substitute (from hal´ili) kah´ apon adv. yesterday (from h´ apon) kah´ ati’ n. shareholder, share (from h´ ati’) kah´ awig adj. similar, resemble (haw´ig) kah´ el n. a citrus tree of the sweet orange variety, producing fruit that is usually sweet but occasionally sour [syn. daland´ an] kah´ era/o Sp n. cashier (feminine/ masculine) k´ ahig n. scratching off a loose surface, as soil scratched off by chickens • kumahig, kah´igin (-um- :in) v. Kumahin ng lupa ang manok. The chicken scratched the ground. Kahigin mo ang mga dahong nahulog sa lupa. Rake the leaves off the ground. k´ ahit ( + na) conj. although, even if, in spite of kah´ ol n. bark of a dog [var. tah´ ol ] kah´ on Sp n/qnt. box, crate, drawer of a table k´ ahoy n. wood, lumber, tree kahulug´ an n. meaning, significance kaib´igan n. friend (from ´ibig) kail´ a’ – mag-kaila’, ikaila’ (mag-:i) v. to deny, to profess ignorance of. Ikinaila niya ang nangyari. He denied what happened. kail´ an int. when [var. kayl´ an, kel´ an]. Kailan ang kasal? When is the wedding?. Kaylan man... At any time... kail´ angan pv. need, ought, must, necessary, indispensable k´ ain – pagkain (pag-) n. food, act of eating • kumain, ka´inin (-um-:-in) v. to eat. Kumain siya nang marami. She ate a lot. mangain (mang-) v. to eat. Nangain ng tao ang leon. The lion ate the people. kaing´in n. slash and burn agriculture

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kal´esa kalab´ asa n. pumpkin, squash kalab´ aw n. carabao kalab´it n. touching with the tip of the finger • mangalab´it, kalabit´in (mang-:-in) v. Huwag kang mangalabit ng tao. Don’t touch the person. kalab´ og n. crashing sound of a fallen body kalab´ os Sp n. prison, jail • ikalabos (i-) v. imprison. Ikinalabos siya ng pulis. The police imprisoned him. kal´ akal n. merchandise, goods kal´ ag adj. untied, loosened kalag´ uyo’ n. intimate friend, paramour, concubine (from lag´ uyo’) kalah´ ati’ adj. half (from h´ ati’) kal´ ahi’ adj. of the same race (from l´ ahi’) kalamans´i’ n. small citrus fruit kal´ ambre Sp n. cramp kal´ an n. stove kalans´ ay n. skeleton k´ alang sp n. wedge kalap´ ati n. dove, pigeon kal´ as adj. unstitched, untied, disconnected, detached • kumalas (-um-) v. to break away from, to untie, to unstitch. Kumalas siya sa kaniyang barkada. He broke away from his gang. mag-kalas, kalas´in (mag-:-in) v. to rip apart, to detach, to disconnect, to untie, to unstitch. Kalasin mo ang aking tinahi. Rip apart what I sewed. k´ alat n. litter, things left scattered about • mag-kal´ at (mag-) v. to spread out. Nag-kalat siya ng tsismis. She/He spread the gossip. kalats´ utsi n. plumeria (frangipani) k´ alaw n. hornbill (bird) kal´ awang n. rust kal´ awit n. hook kalayk´ ay n. rake kalb´ o n. bald, hairless kald´ ero n. kettle

kal´ikot kal´ esa n. horse-drawn rig of chaise, a two-wheeled vehicle drawn by a horse kal´ikot n. a slender tuba with a poking rod with which to crush and mix kalik´ utin (-in) v. to poke and stir or poke and scrape into a hole. Huwag mong kalikutin ang ilong mo. Don’t poke your finger in your nose. kalig´iran n. environment, surroundings (from l´igid) kal´ihim n. secretary (from l´ihim) [syn. sekretarya] kalind´ aryo Sp n. calendar kalingk´ingan n. little finger kalisk´is n. fish scales kaliw´ a’ adj. left, left side kaliw´ ete adj. left-handed k´ alma adj. calm, quiet kal´ og – kumalog (-um-) v. to rattle, to shake. Kumalog ang bola sa kahon. The ball rattled around in the box. mangalog, kalug´in, ikalog (mag:-in, i-) v. to shake or rattle the contents of a box or bottle. Huwag mong kalugin ang itlog sa kahon. Don’t shake the eggs around in the box. k´ along – kumalong (-um-) v. to sit on one’s lap. Kumalong ang bata sa kandungan ng nanay niya. The child sat on his mother’s lap. mangalong, kal´ ungin, ikalong (mag-:-in, i-) v. to hold on one’s lap, to take someone, something on your lap. Kalungin mo ang bata. Take the child on your lap. kalsons´ilyo Sp n. briefs, undershorts [var. karsons´ilyo] k´ aluluwa n. spirit, soul k´ alye Sp n. road, street [syn. da´ an, kals´ ada] k´ alyo n. corn (feet) k´ ama n. bed kamakalawa adv. day before yesterday (from dalaw´ a) kamag-´ anak n. relative (term of reference)

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kamp´ on kamag´ ong n. mahogany kam´ alig n. warehouse, granary kamand´ ag n. poison kamat´ ayan n. death (from pat´ ay) kam´ atis n. tomatoes kamatsil´ e n. guamachile kam´ ay n. hand kamb´ al n. twin (term of reference) kamb´ing n. goat kam´i n. we (exclusive, I and others) kamin´ ero Sp n. street cleaner kamisad´ entro Sp n. long-sleeved shirt kamisats´ino Sp n. outside shirt that is closed-necked, and without collar and lapel kamis´ eta n. undershirt kamis´ ola Sp n. lady’s shirt dress [syn. best´ido] kamis´ on n. chemise kam´it – magkamit, kamit´in (mag-:-in) v. to obtain, to gain, to get an award. Nagkamin siya ng malaking gantimpala. He obtained a large award. k´ amot – kumamot, kam´ utin (-um-:-in) v. to scratch (one’s self). Kumamot na lang siya ng ulo. He just scratched his head. Kinamot na lang niya ang ulo niya. All he could do was scratch his head (in exasperation). magkam´ ot (mag-) v. to scratch (repeatedly). Nagkamot siya ng ulo. He scratched his head. mangamot (mang-) v. to scratch somebody. Nangamot ang pusa ng tao. The cat scratched the people. kam´ ote n. sweet potato, yam kam´ oteng-k´ ahoy n. cassava or tapioca plant kamp´ ana’ Sp n. bell kamp´ anya Sp n. campaign kampe´ on Sp n. champion kamp´i – kumampi, kampih´ an (um-:-an) v. to take sides. Kumampi siya sa akin. She took my side (pertaining to an argument). k´ ampo Sp n. camp, field

k´ amya kamp´ on n. disciple, follower k´ amya n. white/yellow ginger or ginger lily kan´ al n. canal k´ anan adj. right (side) kand´ ong adj. held on the lap • kand´ ungan n. lap kan´ aryo Sp n. canary kand´ ado n. padlock, lock kandid´ ato Sp n. candidate kand´ila’ Sp n. candle kand´ uli’ n. salt water catfish kan´ ela n. cinnamon kanil´ a pron. (sa-pronoun) their, theirs k´ anin n. cooked rice (boiled), steamed rice kan´ina adv. a little while ago, earlier. Sinabi ko na po sa inyo kanina na... I just told you a little while ago that... kan´ino int. whose kanit´ a pron. (sa-dual pronoun) yours and mine, of the two of us; for the two of us kaniy´ a pron. (sa- pronoun) his, her, hers, for him/her [syn. kat´ a/kit´ a] kaniy´ a’ conj. therefore, as a result, consequently [var. kanya’, kaya’ ]. Kaniya siya umalis... The reason he left... kanl´ ong – kumanlong (-um-) v. to hide from view, to take shelter or cover. Kumanlong siya sa ilalim ng puno. He took shelter under the tree. magkanlong, ikanlong (mag-:i-) v. to hide something from view. Ikinanlong niya ang binilad sa silong. He brought in from under the house the clothes that he had been hanging to dry. kanl´ uran n. western, west, occidental kant´ a n. song [syn. ´ awit, aw´itin] • umawit, awitin (-um-:-in) v. to sing. Awitin mo ang bagong kanta. Sing the new song. kant´ ero Sp n. mason

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kapit´ an/a del b´ aryo kant´ina Sp n. snack bar, metal flask for carrying liquids k´ anto Sp n. street corner kany´ on Sp n. cannon kangk´ ong n. swamp-cabbage, watercress k´ aong n. palm (cabo negro) kap´ a’ – kumapa’ v. to grope, to feel about mangkapa’, kapa´in (mang-:-in) v. to grope for something, to feel about for something. Nangapa siya sa dilim. He groped in the dark. kap´ ag conj/adv. (single events viewed as completed in the future) if, when, in case, whenever [var. pag, paka, kapagka, pagka]. Kapag ginawa mo iyan... If you do that... kap´ al n. thickness • makapal (ma-) adj. thick kapal´ aran n. luck, forture, fate (from p´ alad) kapangan´ akan n. birthday (from an´ ak) kapangyar´ihan n. power, authority kapat´ as n. foreman kapat´id n. brother or sister, sibling (term of reference) kapk´ ap – kapkap´ an (-an) v. to feel or frisk (the pockets). Kinapkapan siya ng pulis. The policeman frisked him. kap´ e Sp n. coffee • adj. brown or tan (color) kapet´irya Sp n. cafeteria k´ apit – kum´ apit, kap´itan (-um-:an) v. to hold, to grasp. Kumapit siya sa akin. He held onto me. ik´ apit (i-) v. to attach to, to connect to, to anchor. Ikapit mo ang kamay mo sa balikat ng bata. Put your hand on the child’s shoulder. magk´ apit (mag-) v. to hold onto each other, to hands. Magkapit kayo at baka kayo mahulog. Hold onto each other’s hands because you might fall. kapit´ an/a Sp n (masculine/ feminine). captain

kapital´ista kapit´ an/a del b´ aryo n (masculine/ feminine). captain, head of the barrio kapital´ista Sp n. capitalist k´ apit-b´ ahay n. neighbor, next-door neighbor kapit´ era Sp n. coffee pot k´ apok n. kapok, cotton tree kap´ on Sp adj. castrated, gelded kap´ os adj. insufficient, lacking, wanting kap´ ote n. raincoat kapr´itso Sp n. caprice, whim, fancy k´ apwa pron. kindred, both, fellowbeings, equally (applied to one of a pair). Kapwa sila magnanakaw. They are fellow thieves. Kapwa sila malakas. They are equally strong. karamd´ aman n. ailment, sickness (from damd´ am) [syn. sak´it] karang´ alan n. honor (from dang´ al) [syn. p´ uri] karan´iwan adj. ordinary, common, usual karapat´ an n. rights and privileges kar´ ayom n. needle karb´ on n. coal karb´ uro Sp n. carbide k´ ardinal n. cardinal kar´ era Sp n. race, racing, career, profession karet´ ela n. two-wheeled cartlike horsedrawn enger-and-freight vehicle karg´ a Sp n. load, burden, freight • adj. carried, loaded kargad´ or n. porter, baggage carrier, stevedor kar´ihan n. local restaurant karinder´ia n. small store where food is served k´ arit n. sickle, scythe karit´ on n. cart karnab´ al n. carnival, fair karn´ e n. meat k´ arne n´ orte n. corned beef (usually canned) k´ arot n. carrot karpent´ ero n. carpenter

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kataw´an kartamun´ eda n. purse [var. portamon´eda] kart´ ero n. mailman, postman kartol´ina n. cardboard, bristol board kart´ on Sp n. pasteboard, binder’s board kasab´ ay adv. together, at the same time, simultaneously (from sab´ ay) kas´ al n. wedding kasal´ anan n. fault, sin (from s´ ala) kasaluk´ uyan adv. at the present time kas´ ama n. a companion, tenant, farm help (from s´ ama) • magkasama (mag-) adj. being together • adv. in company with, along with kasangk´ apan n. household belongings, tools, furniture, equipment (from sangk´ ap) kas´ api’ n. member (from s´ api’) kask´ o Sp n. long river boat with sheltering roofings at either end, navigated by pushing with long poles kas´ ero/a n. landlord, landlady kaser´ ola n. casserole, pan kas´i conj. because kas´ilyas n. toilet, restroom or comfort room kasint´ ahan n. sweetheart, fiance/fiancee k´ asiya adj. sufficient, enough, adequate, fit k´ aso Sp n. case in court, disagreement kast´ anyas n. chestnuts kas´ uy n. cashew nuts kat´ a pron. the two of us k´ atad n. animal skin, leather kat´ am n. carpenter’s planer katang´ian n. characteristic (from t´ angi’) katapus´ an n. end, conclusion (from t´ apos) katar´ ungan n. justice, equity (from tar´ ong) kat´ as n. sap, juice

k´ atay kataw´ an n. body k´ atay – kumatay, magkatay, kat´ ayin (-um-:mag-:-in) v. to butcher, to cut into slices, especially meat, to slaughter. Kinatay ng matadero ang baka. The butcher butchered the cow. k´ ati’ n. lowtide kat´i – makati (ma-) adj. itchy, scratchy kat´ ok n. sharp knock or rap [syn. tukt´ ok ] katolik´ o n. Roman Catholic katotoh´ anan n. truth (from toto´ o) k´ atre n. bed kat´ ulong n. helper, maid, houseboy (from t´ ulong) katungk´ ulan n. occupation, office, official designation (from tungk´ ol) katuw´iran n. reason (from tuw´id) k´ aunti adj. little, few ka´ usap n. person with whom one is conversing (from u ´sap) • kaus´ apin (-in) v. to talk with k´ awa n. big kettle kaw´ ag n. movement of hands and/or feet, specially when swimming or drowning, also movement of wings k´ awal n. soldier kaw´ ali n. frying pan kaw´ awa adj. pitiful kaw´ ay – kumaway, kaway´ an (-um-:-an) v. to wave with the hand. Kumaway siya sa akin bago umalis. He waved at me before he left. kaw´ ayan n. bamboo k´ awit n. hook • kumawit (-um-) v. to get hooked. Kumawit ang pantalon niya sa pako. He caught his tros on the nail. makawit (ma-) v. to get hooked accidentally. Nakawit ang bagong pantalon niya ng pako. His new pair of pants was caught by a nail. magkawit, kaw´itin, ikawit (mag:-in:i-) v. to hook something. Ikawit mo ang alambre sa pako. Hook the wire on the nail.

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k´ikel kay part. singular sa proper noun marker, also marks possession, the pluralform is kina, to, from, for kays´ a conj. than, more than. Matamis kaysa asukal. Sweeter than sugar. k´ aya n. competence, ability kay´ a’ conj. perhaps, maybe, so, that’s why, therefore. Kaya ako naparito... I have come here so that.... Kaya siya... That’s why... • mod. perchance, perhaps, might, expresses doubt or possibility of choice). Ano kaya ang iniutos mo sa kanya? What perchance did you order him to do?. Baka kaya nawala siya. He might have gotten lost. k´ ayag – mangkayag, kay´ agin (mang-:-in) v. to invite, to induce [var. y´ akag]. Kayagin mo ang ibig sumama. Invite the ones that want to come along. kayam´ anan n. wealth, richness kayim´ito n. star-apple [var. kaym´ito] kay´ o pron. you (plural) k´ ayod – kumayod, kay´ urin, magkayod (-um-:-in; mag-) v. to scrape, to grate. Kumayod kami ng niyog. We scraped the coconut. magkayod, kay´ udin (mag-:-in). Kayurin mo ang niyog. Grate the coconut. kayumangg´i adj. brown (race, complexion, color) kayur´ an n. grater k´ endi n. candy ker´ida Sp n. paramour, mistress [syn. bab´ ai, bab´ ae] k´ erot n. carrot k´ eso n. cheese k´ etong Ch n. leprosy k´ etsap n. ketsup kib´ o’ – kumibo’ (-um-) v. to talk, to move, to stir. Kumibo ka naman diyan. Say something. kibu´in (-in) v. to break the silence with someone by talking kib´ ot n. throb, pulsation

kidl´ at k´ikel n. carpenter’s file [syn. k´ikil ] kidl´ at n. lightning • kumidlat (-um-) v. to flash as of lightning. Kumidlat kagabi. There was lightning last night. kil´ abot n. goose-pimples, gooseflesh kilal´ a adj. famous, well-known, acquainted with one another (magkakil´ ala) • magkakil´ ala, makil´ ala (mag-:ma) v. to happen to know, to happen to meet, to become acquainted k´ilay n. eyebrow k´ilik – kumilik, magkilik, kil´ikin (-um-:mag-:-in) v. to carry against the hips. Kilikin mo ang bata. Carry the child on your hip. kilik´ili n. armpit kil´ig – mangkilig, kilig´in (mang-:in) v. to shudder, to shiver, to chill. Kinilig siya sa ginaw. She shivered with cold. k´iling n. inclination towards a side adj. inclined towards a side kilit´i’ n. ticklish feeling, tickle k´ilo n/quan. kilogram k´imiko n. chemical kin´ a part. plural sa-proper noun marker, for kinakapat´id n. godbrother or sister kin´ ang – makinang (ma-) adj. glittering kind´ at n. wink (of the eye) kin´ig – makinig (ma-) v. to listen. Makikinig ako ng program sa radyo bukas. I’ll listen to the radio program tomorrow. kin´ina Sp n. quinine k´inis – makinis (ma-) adj. smooth, fine kinse num. fifteen kint´ ab – makintab adj. shiny kints´ ay n. Chinese celery (kinchay) k´inse num. fifteen kipk´ip – magkipkip, kipkip´in (mag-:-in) v. to carry under the armpit, to carry with the arm pressed against the body. Kipkipin mong mabuti ang bag mo. Hold the

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kol´ehiyo bag tightly under your arm. k´ipot – makipot (ma-) adj. narrow, tight • magkipot, kip´ utan (mag-:-an) v. to make tighter. Kiputan mo ang tabas ng pantalon. Tighten the cut of the tros. kir´i Ch adj. coquettish, flirtatious kir´ ot n. stinging pain kisam´ e n. ceiling kisk´is – kumiskis (-um-) v. to rub against a surface. Kumiskis ang magaspang na tela sa balat niya. The rough cloth rubbed on his skin. magkiskis, ikiskis (mag-:i-) v. to rub something against a surface. Ikiskis mo ang kutsilyo sa bato. Rub the knife against the stone. k´isig – makisig (ma-) adj. handsome/dashing, elegant, well-dressed (man) kisl´ ap n. sparkle k´ita n. earnings, salary, wage • kumita, kit´ ain (-um-:-in) v. to earn. Kumita siya ng malaki sa kompanya. He earned a lot at the company. k´ita – magkita (mag-) v. to meet, to see each other, to find. Nagkita sila sa sine. They saw each other at the movie. kitikit´i n. mosquito larva k´itid – makitid (ma-) adj. narrow kli´ ente Sp n. client kl´ ase n. class, kind kl´ erk n. clerk kl´ima n. climate, weather [syn. panah´ on] kl´inika n. clinic ko pron. I, my, mine kobrad´ or n. bill collector k´ odig´ o Sp n. codes of laws of rules, (sl) notes hidden by students during examinations kolekt´ a – mangkolekta, kolektah´in (mang-:-in) v. to collect something, to gather. Nangolekta siya ng abuloy para sa patay. He collected contributions for the dead.

kolor´ete

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kul´ og

kol´ ehiyo n. college kolor´ ete Sp n. rouge koly´ ar Sp n. collar, especially for animals kom´ adre Sp n. lady sponsor in baptism, confirmation or matrimony of one’s child [var. kum´ adre] komadr´ ona Sp n. midwife [syn. h´ilot] komb´ ento n. convent, rectory kom´ eta n. comet k´ omika adj. comical k´ omiks n. comics komp´ adre Sp n. male sponsor in baptism, confirmation or matrimony of one’s child [syn. kump´ adre] kompiy´ ansa Sp n. confidence, reliance, courage, firmness of opinion kompl´ eto Sp adj. complete kondokt´ or/a n. conductor of a public vehicle (male/female) kond´ ol n. wax gourd konseh´ al/a n. councilor (male/female) kontribusy´ on n. contribution kongkr´ eto adj. concrete, made of cement k´ opya n. a copy • kopyah´in (-in) v. to copy. Kopyahin mo ang leksyon sa pisara. Copy the lesson on the board. Koreano/a n. Korean (male/female) k´ oro n. chorus, choir kor´ ona n. crown koronasy´ on n. a program or ball where a beauty queen is crowned k´ orse n. girdle, corset k´ orte Sp n. shape [syn. h´ ugis] k´ orto n. short pants kost´ umbre Sp n. custom, habit, tradition [syn. ug´ ali’ ] k´ otse n. car, automobile [syn. ´ awto] k´ otso Sp n. thick-soled lady’s slippers kray´ ola n. crayons kr´ ema n. crean krim n. cream kr´imen Sp n. crime krimin´ al Sp n. criminal

kr´ udo n. oil krus Sp n. cross [var. kur´ us] k´ uba’ n. hunchback kub´ abaw n. astride over the top kub´ eta Sp n. pail (to receive refuse), toilet [syn. kas´ilyas] kubl´i adj. hidden, away from prying eyes k´ ubo n. hut kubrad´ or Sp n. bill collector kubrek´ ama Sp n. bedspread kuby´ ertos Sp n. table-silver (spoon, fork, knife), a meal, as a unit or order in a restaurant, different from short orders kuk´ o n. fingernail kudk´ od adj. (kinudk´ od) grated • magkudkod, kudk´ urin (mag-:-in) v. to grate. Kudkurin mo ang niyog. Grate the coconut. kudk´ uran [r.w. kudk´ ud ] n. grater, shredder kudr´ ado Sp adj. square kug´ on n. cogon grass k´ uha – kumuha, kuh´ anin (-um-:in) v. to get, to obtain. Kumukuha siya ng tubig sa poso. He is getting water from the well. kuh´ ol n. snail kulamb´ o’ n. mosquito net kul´ ani’ Sp adj. swelling of the lympatic gland, especially in the grain k´ ulang – magkulang (mag-) adj. short, incomplete, lacking, insufficient, inadequate k´ ulay n. color makulay (ma-) colorful kul´ig n. suckling pig [syn. bi´ik ] kulis´ ap n. insect kul´iti’ n. stye (in the eye) [var. kul´itiw ] kul´itis n. native spinach kul´ o’ – magpakulo’, pakulu´in (magpa-:pa-in) v. to boil water. Nagpakulo si Marta ng tubig para sa kape. Marta boiled water for the coffee. kul´ og n. thunder • kumulog (-um-) v. to thunder. Ku-

kul´ ong mulog nang malakas. It thundered loudly. kul´ ong n. canal, pen, prison, cage [syn. haula, kulung´ an] • adj. surrounded, encircled, imprisoned, jailed • ikulong (i-) v. to cage, imprison. Ikulong mo ang ibon. Cage the bird. kulung´ an n. cage, prison (from kul´ ong) kul´ ot adj. curly, wavy • magkulot, kulut´in (mag-:-in) v. to give a permanent, to make curly or wavy. Nagkukulot si Ingrid ng buhok. Ingrid curls hair. kulub´ ong n. protecting mantle over something, or a person, especially the latter’s head kulub´ ot adj. wrinkled kulug´ o n. wart kum´ adre Sp n. lady sponsor in a baptism, confirmation or wedding (masculine form is kump´ adre) kum´ are Sp n. derived from the Spanish word comadre, a reciprocal appellation for the godmother or for the child’s mother. Kumpare (masculine form) kumbid´ ado Sp n. invited guest kumed´ or Sp n. dining room k´ umot n. blanket, bed sheet kump´ as Sp kumumpas (-um-) v. to beat, as a conductor of a band or orchestra, to gesture with the hand. Kumumpas siya sa harap ng banda. He conducted in front of the band. kump´il Sp n. Sacrament of Confirmation kumpis´ al Sp mangumpisal, magkumpisal, ikumpis´ al (mang:mag-:i-) v. to confess. Nangumpisal siya sa pare. She confessed to the priest. kump´ ol n. bunch, cluster kump´ orme Sp adj. agreeable, confirming, resigned, satisfied kumpun´i Sp magkumpuni, kumumpuni, kumpunih´in (mag:-um-:-in) v. to repair, to alter (as in

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kurb´ ata clothes), to mend. Nagkukumpune siya ng sirang kasangkappan. He fixes broken appliances. Kumun´ista Sp n. Communist kumun´ oy n. quicksand kumust´ a Sp n. regards, greeting form. Kumusta ka? How are you? mangkumusta, kumustah´in (mang-:-in) v. to inquire about the condition of the health of a person. Kumustahin mo ang maysakit. Say hello to the sick. k´ unat n. ductility, resiliency • makunat (ma-) adj. stingy, resilient kund´i’ conj. but, on the contrary. Kung hindi. If not for; nothing but. kund´iman n. native song kundukt´ or Sp n. conductor (in buses or trains) kun´ eho Sp n. rabbit kunsentid´ or Sp n. person allowing or approving acts that are not supposed to be done kunsumisy´ on Sp n. vexation, exasperation [syn. yam´ ot] kuns´ umo Sp n. consumption (of provisions, fuel, mechandise, etc.) kunw´ a’/kunw´ ari’ adv. simulatedly kung conj. when, whenever, if during (conjunction used to indicate non-actual occurrences viewed as unreal, hypothetical or repeated) (+ di) if not (+ ma´ ari’) whether possible (+ minsan) sometimes (+ paano) how done (+ saan) where k´ upad n. sluggishness, slowness in working kup´ as adj. faded, out of date, out of use kupk´ op adj. kept and protected under one’s care, held against one’s chest, as a mother holding a child k´ upit n. pilfering, filching kur´ al Sp n. corral, pen [syn. kulung´ an] kur´ ales Sp n. coral stone k´ urba Sp n. curve kurb´ ado Sp adj. curved

kurd´ on kurb´ ata Sp n. tie, necktie kurd´ on Sp n. round cord kur´ipot adj. stingy Kurism´ a Sp n. Lent k´ uro’ n. opinion, estimate kur´ ot – kumurot (-um-) v. to take a piece mangkurot, kurut´in (mang-:-in) v. to pinch. Nangungurot siya kapag natutuwa’. She pinches people when she’s happy. kurs´ e Sp n. corset kurs´ o n. diarrhea • magkurso, kursoh´in (mag-:-in) v. to suffer from diarrhea, to be sick of diarrhea. Baka ka kursohin kapag kain ka nang kain. If you keep on eating you might get diarrhea. kursun´ ada Sp n. impulse of the heart, liking kurt´ina n. curtain kur´ us n. cross [var. krus] kury´ ente n. electric current k´ usa’ adj. spontaneous, initiative k´ usang-lo´ ob adj. voluntary kusk´ os – magkusk´ os, kusk´ osin (mag-:-in) v. to scrub. Kuskusin mo ang sahig. Scrub the floor. magkuskos, ikuskos (mag-:i-) v. to scrub with. Ikuskos mo ang basahan sa sahig. Scrub the floor with the rag. kuskus-bal´ ungos n. superfluity of statements, requisitions or details kus´ina Sp n. kitchen kusin´ ero/a Sp n. cook kusin´ilya Sp n. gas stove kus´ing n. a coin worth half a centavo kus´ ot adj. rumpled, crumpled [syn. gus´ ot] • makusot (ma-) v. to get wrinkled. Nakusot ang damit ko sa kauupo. My dress got wrinkled in sitting down. magkusot, kusut´in (mag-:-in) v. to crumple, to wash clothes by rubbing vigorously. Kusutin mo ang damit sa batya. Wash the dress (by rubbing vigorously) with your hands

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k´ uya in the basin. kust´ilyas Sp n. ribs, chops kustur´ era Sp n. female cutter (in a milliner’s shop) k´ uta n. fort kut´ing n. kitten k´ utis Sp n. skin surface k´ uto n. lice kut´ os – mangkutos, kutus´ an (mang-:-an) v. to give a knuckle blow on the head. Nangugutos siya kapag maingay ka. She raps people’s heads with knuckles when you’re noisy. kuts´ ara Sp n. spoon kutsar´ita Sp n. teaspoon kuts´ ero Sp n. rig driver kuts´ilyo Sp n. knife kuts´ on Sp n. cushion kuty´ a’ – mangkutya’, kutya´in (mang-:-in) v. to mock, to scorn, to ridicule, to deride. Kinutya niya ang mga kaaway niya. He ridiculed his enemies. kuwad´ erno Sp n. notebook kuw´ adro Sp n. picture frame kuw´ ago Sp n. owl kuw´ ako n. pipe (for smoking) kuw´ adra Sp n. stable for horses kuwan pro. whatchamacallit (used in place of an idea not immediately expressible) kuwar´ esma n. holy week, season kuw´ arta n. money [var. kuw´ alta] kuw´ arto n. bedroom kuw´ arto num. one quarter, onefourth, fifteen minutes kuw´ atro num. four kuw´ eba n. cave kuw´ elyo n. collar kuw´ enta Sp n. , debt kuw´ ento n. story, narration, short story [syn. ist´ orya] • magkuwento, ikuwento (mag:i-) v. to tell or relate a story. Ikuwento mo ang nangyari. Tell what happened. kuwint´ as n. necklace kuw´itis n. sky-rocket, fireworks

da´ an

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k´ uya n. older brother (term of address, reference)

D da´ an num. a unit of hundred da´ an n. road, street, way [syn. k´ alye] • dumaan (-um-) v. to by. Dumaan ka sa bahay nila. :Drop in (for a short visit) at their house. magdaan, idaan (mag-:i-) v. to drop something by. Idaan mo sa kanila ang regalo. Go over to their house and deliver my gift. d´ abog – dumab´ og (-um-) v. to stamp the feet in irritation or vexation. Huwag kang dumabog. Don’t stomp your feet. dak´ila’ adj. great, eminent, majestic, noble d´ ako’ n. spot, place dak´ ot – dumakot, dakut´in (-um-:in) v. to grasp a handful. Dumakot ka ng kaunti. Grasp a handful. mandak´ ot (man-) v. to grasp something. Nandakot siya ng maraming salapi. He grabbed a lot of money. dag´ a’ n. rat, mouse dag´ an – dumagan, mangdagan (um-:mang-) v. to put one’s weight on something. Dumagan sa kaniya ang malaking puno. He/She was crushed by a big tree. magdag´ an, idag´ an (mag-:-i) v. to put a weight, to press, to put something over something. Idagan mo ang kaban ng bigas sa kahon. Place the sack of rice on the box. d´ agat n. ocean, sea dagd´ ag – magdagd´ ag, idagd´ ag, dagdag´ an (mag-:i-:-an) v. to add, to supplement, to increase. Dagdagan mo ang pera. Add some more money. d´ agok – mangdagok, dag´ ukan (mang-:-an) v. to give a blow on the nape of the neck, or with the

dal´ angin flat of the hand. Dagukan mo siya kasi hindi siya nakikinig. Give him a blow on the neck because he does not listen. dags´ a’ n. sudden tumultuous and confusing flow, jumble, or bustle of people or things dagt´ a’ n. sap, juice d´ ahan – madahan (ma-) adj. slow dahan-dahan adv. slowly dah´ as n. 1 force, violence of action [syn. puw´ersa, lak´ as] 2 intrepidity [syn. tapang] 3 ruthlessness [syn. lup´it, bang´is, bags´ik ] d´ ahil conj. because, reason, cause, in of, through this... dahil´ an n. reason, cause d´ ahon n. leaf of a plant or book da´ig adj. sured, excelled, beaten [syn. t´ alo] daigd´ig n. world, universe d´ aing n. dried fish da´ing n. complaint • duma´ing (-um-) v. to moan, to complain. Dumaing siya sa sakit ng sugat. He moaned due to the pain caused by the wound. magda´ing, ida´ing (mag-:i-) v. to express one’s suffering, lamentation or distress. Idinaing niya ang sama ng loob niya. He lamented over his hurt feelings. dal´ a n. load • magdala; dalah´in (mag-:-in) v. to carry, to bring or take away. Magdala ka ng pagkain. Bring some food. dal´ ag n. mud fish dal´ aga n. unmarried woman dalah´ira’ adj. 1 (applied to women) gossipy [syn. sats´ at, dald´ al, daldal´era, tsism´ osa] 2 provocative, free and easy [syn. land´i’ ] dalamh´ ati’ n. extreme sorrow, grief dal´ ampas´igan n. beach daland´ an n. orange (fruit) d´ alang – madalang (ma-) adj. few, not frequent dal´ angin n. prayer • dumalangin, mangdalangin,

dal´ as idalangin (-um:mang-:i-) v. to pray fervently. Dumalangin siya sa Diyos. She prayed to God. dal´ as – madal´ as (ma-) adj. often, frequent, regular. Madalas siyang mangumpisal. He confesses frequently. d´ alaw – dumalaw, dal´ awin (-um:-in) v. to visit, to make a call dalaw´ a num. two • makadalaw´ a (maka-) v. to be able to obtain, get something twice. Nakadalawa siya ng kendi. He was able to get two pieces of candy. makadalaw´ a (maka-) adv. (with sa) the day before yesterday dald´ al adj. talkative dal´i’ – madal´i’ (ma-) adj. easy, quick, prompt, not difficult dal´iri’ n. finger, toe dal´isay adj. clean, pure, clear, chaste d´ alita’ – maralit´ a’ (ma-) adj. indigent, poor dal´ o – dumalo, daluhan (-um-:an) v. to attend some affair, meeting or party. Dinaluhan niya ang aking kaarawan. He attended my birthday party. dalubh´ asa adj/n. expert, specialist [syn. esp´erto] dal´ uyong n. tidal wave d´ alya n. dahlia flower d´ ama n. a native game of chess of checkers D´ ama de N´ otse n. (Lady of the Night), brunfelsia dam´ ag – magdamag (mag-) adv. the whole night d´ amay – dum´ amay (-um-) v. to help, to console, to sympathize. Dumamay sila sa amin. They helped us. mangdamay, idamay (mang-:i-) v. to involve others (without notice) in a sort of unpleasant situation. Huwag mo kaming idamay. Don’t involve us (in this mess). damb´ a – dumamba (-um-) v. to

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d´anas rise on the hind legs usually said of a four-footed animal, to fall all over someone. Dumamba ang aso kaya ako’y natigilan. The dog fell over me so I got shocked. damb´ ana’ n. shrine, altar [syn. simb´ ahan; alt´ ar ] damd´ amin n. feeling damd´ am – maramdamin (ma-,in) adj. overly sensitive • makaramdam (maka-) v. to be able to feel, to be sensitive. Nakaramdam siya ng bahagyang pananakit ng katawan. She felt some aching of her body. magdamdam, damdamin (mag-:in) v. to feel bad about. Nagdamdam na naman si Maria sa sinabi ko. Maria is feeling bad again about what I said. d´ ami – madami (ma-) adj. plenty, many [var. marami] dam´it n. clothing, dress [syn. b´ aro, best´ido] dam´ o n. grass, weeds d´ amot – mad´ amot (ma-) adj. selfish [var. maramot] damp´ a’ n. hut, hovel (poor and small) [syn. b´ arong-b´ arong] damp´i’ Mal n. light and gentle touch (as by the soft gentle breeze on one’s skin),light and gentle application of ointment (as on wounds) damp´ ot – dumampot, d´ ampotin, d´ amputin (-um-:-in) v. to pick up with the hand from the floor. Nakita ko siyang dumampot ng panyo. I saw her picking up the handkerchief from the floor. mangdampot (mang-) v. to pick up something from the floor more than once [var. mandampot]. Mangdampot ka nang mangdampot hanggang gusto mo. You can pick up as long as you like. dam´ ulag n. land monster, carabao [syn. kalab´ aw; tamar´ aw ] d´ anas – k´ aranasan (ka-:-an) n.

dang´ al experience • makadanas, makaranas v. to experience. Makakaranas ka rin ng kahirapan. You will also experience poverty. dang´ al n. honor, reputation dangk´ al n. span from tip of thumb to tip of middle finger dap´ a’ – dumapa’ (-um-) v. to lie flat on one’s chest. Dumapa ka kapag may narinig kang putok. Lie down when you hear the sound of a gun. madapa (ma-) v. to fall unexpectedly, to stumble magdapa, idapa (mag-:i-) v. to lay someone flat on his stomach or chest dap´ a’ n. fish,rough scaled brill sole d´ apat adj. worthy, deserving, fit, apt, adequate, proper, necessary • pv. must, ought to, should. Dapat gawin ito. This ought to be done. dapl´is adj. barely missing dap´ o’ – dumapo, dap´ uan (-um:an) v. to alight (as a bird, butterfly, etc.) on something. Dumapo ang ibon sa bintana. The bird alighted on the window. dumapo, dapuan (-um-:-an) to get sick. Dinapuan siya ng matinding karamdaman. He caught a serious illness. d´ apo’ n. orchid dar´ ak n. rice bran das´ al n. prayer • magdasal, dasalin; idasal (mag-:in,i-) v. to say a prayer d´ atapwa’t conj. but, however [syn. ng´ unit, sub´ alit (usually with t) (coordinating particle used to express contrasts)] d´ ati adj. former, previous adv. for a long time already, formerly, it is sometimes closely ed dat´ing n. arrival, coming • dumat´ing, datn´ an (-um-:-an) v. to arrive; to find someone or something upon arrival. Dinatnan niyang patay na ang tatay niya. On his arrival, he found his father dead.

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der´etso d´ atu n. ruling head of a clan, or tribe da´ ungan n. port, wharf daw prt. it is said; so (somebody) said (expresses that the sentence represents the saying of someone other than the speaker. The person so quoted may be the agent of the sentence itself.) [var. raw (after vowels).]. Aalis ka raw. You’re leaving, (I’m told). d´ aya’ – mangdaya, magdaya, day´ ain (mang-:mag-:-in) v. to trick, to cheat, to deceive, to delude. Huwag kang magtangkang dayain ako. Don’t attempt to cheat me. mand´ araya’ (mang-) deceiver, cheater day´ ami n. hay d´ ayap n. lime (native), lemon dayukd´ ok adj. extremely hungry deb´ ate Sp n. debate, dispute [syn. pagtat´ alo] ded´ al Sp n. thimble [var. didal ] del´ ata Sp n. canned goods deleg´ ado Sp n. delegate delegasy´ on Sp n. delegation delik´ ado Sp adj. fragile, delicate, weak, picky del´iryo Sp n. delirium [var. dil´iryo] dem´ anda Sp n. complaint, accusation • magdemanda, idemanda (mag:i-) v. to bring a case to court, to accuse. Ididemanda ko siya sa ginawa niya sa akin. I will bring a case against him in court. demokr´ asya Sp n. democracy • demokr´ atiko Sp adj. democratic dem´ onyo Sp n. demon, devil [syn. diy´ ablo] • intj. the deuce [var. dim´ onyo] dent´ista Sp n. dentist departam´ ento Sp n. department [syn. k´ agawaran] dep´ osit´ o Sp n. money deposited in a bank • magdeposito, ideposito (mag-:i-) v. to make a deposit in the bank, to store up

desgr´ asya der´ etso Sp adj. straight, direct [syn. tuwid; direkto] • n. rights [syn. karapatan] desgr´ asya Sp n. 1 misfortune [syn. sakun´ a’,aksid´ente] 2 disgrace [syn. kahihiyan, kasir´ aang-p´ uri] [var. disgrasya] desmay´ a Sp n. swooning, fainting fit desp´ alko Sp dumespalko, mangdespalko, despalkohin (-um-,mang-:-in) v. to embezzle, to swindle. Dumespalko siya ng malaking pera kaya siya ay nabilanggo. He embezzled a large sum of money so he was imprisoned. despalkad´ or Sp n. enbezzler despats´ ado Sp adj. dispatched, dismissed despatsad´ or Sp n. seller at the store counter, dispatcher despedida Sp n. farewell, leavetaking, party given for people leaving desperado Sp adj. desperate di’ adv. no, not (short for hind´i’) diam´ ante Sp n. diamond [var. diyam´ ante] diar´ ea Sp n. diarrhea (med) [syn. pagtata´e ] [var. diyar´ea] diy´ aryo Sp n. newspaper [syn. pery´ odiko, p´ ahayagan] [var. diy´ aryo] dibd´ib n. chest, breast dibersiy´ on Sp n. diversion, amusement [syn. l´ibangan] dib´ orsiyo Sp n. divorce dikd´ik – magdikdik, dikdikin (mag-:in) v. to pulverize. Magdikdik ka ng lupa. Pulverize the soil. dik´in n. ring stand for pot dik´it – dumik´it (-um-) v. to stick, to adhere, to get stuck. Dumikit ka kay pangulo para mabigyan ka ng mataas na sahod. Stick it out with the president so that you will get a high pay raise. magdik´it, idik´it (mag-:i-) v. to paste, to stick, to glue something. Idikit mo ang iyong retrato sa

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dilih´ensiya dingding. Paste your picture on the wall. d´iko Ch n. appellation to the second eldest brother by younger brothers, sisters, and cousins diksiyon´ aryo n. dictionary dikt´ a – magdikt´ a, idikt´ a (mag-:i-) v. to dictate. Huwag kang magdikta ng mabilis para hindi ako mahirapan. Don’t dictate fast so I won’t have a hard time catching up. diktad´ or Sp n. dictator did´ al n. thimble [var. ded´ al ] d´iga – dum´iga, d´igahan (-um-:an) v. to court by using idle talk. Dig´ ahan mo siya. Court her. digm´ a’ n. war [syn. giy´era] di´in – madiin (ma-) adj. heavily pressed • dumiin, idiin (-um-:i-) v. to press hard, to press downward, to insist. Huwag mong idiin na ako ang kumuha ng alahas mo. Don’t insist that I took your jewelry. di´it n. slight pressure on something d´ila’ n. tongue dil´ ag n. gorgeousness, splendor, lustrous beauty [syn. gand´ a] dil´ at adj. wide-open eyes, wide-eyed [syn. m´ ulat] • dum´ilat (-um-) v. to open (as of the eyes). Dumilat ka. You open (your eyes). idil´ at (i-) v. to open one’s eyes, to raise one’s eyelids. Idilat mo ang mga mata mo. You open your eyes. mangdilat, pangdil´ atan (mang-:pang-,an) v. to glare at. Pinangdil´ atan niya ako. She glared at me. dil´ aw adj. yellow manilaw-nilaw. (ma-) adj. yellowish. dil´ig – magdilig, dilig´in, dilig´ an (mag-:-in:-an) v. to sprinkle water on, to water (plants). Magdilig ka ng halaman araw-araw. Water the plants everyday. dilih´ ensiya – magdilihensiya,

dil´im dilihensiyahan (mag-:-in) v. to resort to borrowing, to obtain what one needs. Inutusan niya akong magdilihensiya sa inyo bago niyo makuha ang kailangan niyo. He instructed me to get something from you before you can get what you need. dil´im n. darkness • madil´im (ma-) adj. dark dil´iryo n. delirium [var. del´iryo] d´ilis n. long-jawed anchovy din prt. too, also (expresses that the expression modified which may be the whole sentence or an element within the sentence is like a corresponding earlier idea) [var. rin (after vowels)]. Ako rin ang nagpaligo sa bata. It was I, too, that bathed the child. dinam´ita Sp n. dynamite d´ini adv. here [syn. d´ito, r´ito] din´ig adj. heard, loud enough to be heard • dingg´in (-in) v. (dingg´in) to listen to. Dingg´in mo ang aking pakiusap. Listen to my plea. madinig (ma-) v. to hear [var. marinig]. Ibig kong madinig ang iyong sagot. I want to hear your answer. d´ingas – magdingas (mag-) v. to flare out, to set aflame. Matuto kang magdingas ng kahoy para makaluto tayo. You should learn how to set our fuelwood aflame so that we can cook our food. dingd´ing n. wall dip´ a n. span of two extended arms diper´ ensiya Sp n. 1 difference [syn. kaibah´ an, kaibh´ an] 2 indisposition, illness [syn. sak´it] 3 disagreement direksiy´ on Sp n. 1 direction (towards), course [syn. band´ a, gaw´i] 2 order, command, instructions [syn. u ´tos, t´ uro] direkt´ or n. director dir´ etso – diretsoh´in (-in) v. to proceed in a straight direction. Diretso-

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diy´eta hin niyo ang kalyeng iyon bago kayo kumaliwa. Go straight on that road before you turn left. d´iri – pandid´iri (pang-) n. feeling of loathing for what is foul or filthy [syn. pagkakarim´ arim, pagkakasukl´ am] • nakad´iri (nakapandid´iri) adj. loathsome diskubr´i – makadiskubr´i, madiskubr´i (maka-:ma-) v. to discover. Ibig niyang makadiskubri ng bagong gamot para sa maysakit ng AIDS. He wanted to discover a drug to heal those sick with AIDS. disk´ urso Sp n. speech [syn. talump´ ati’ ] diskusy´ on Sp n. discussion disint´ erya Sp n. dysentery [syn. ´iti] disipl´ina Sp n. discipline disisy´ on Sp n. decision • magdisisyon, disisyon´ an (mag-:an) v. to decide, to make a decision distrunk´ a Sp magdistrunka, distrunk´ ahin (mag-:-in) v. to break, destroy, locks. Hindi ko madistrunka ang sara ng pinto. I can not destroy the lock of the door. disturnilyad´ or n. screwdriver Disy´ embre n. December disy´ erto n. desert d´ito dem. here [var. d´ine] n´ arito (na-) it’s here [var. n´ andito] par´ito (pa-) v. come here [var. par´ine] dits´ e Ch n/adj. appellation for second eldest sister d´iwa’ n. spirit, thought diw´ ata’ n. goddess diyab´ etes Sp n. diabetes diy´ aket n. jacket diy´ an dem. there • n´ ariy´ an (na-) adv. it’s there [var. n´ andiyan] pariy´ an (pa-) v. go there. Ako’y papariyan bukas. I’ll go there tomorrow. diy´ anitor Eng n. janitor diy´ es Sp num. ten [syn. samp´ u’ ]

Diy´ os diy´ eta Sp n. prescribed or regulated meal, diet Diy´ os Sp n. God [syn. Bath´ ala’, Maykap´ al ] [var. Di´ os] d´ oble adj. double dokt´ or/a n. doctor, physician [syn. manggag´ amot] domin´ ante Sp adj. dominant, domineering Dom´inggo Sp n. Sunday [var. Lingg´ o] d´ onya Sp n. madam, term of address for a rich woman [syn. g´inang] do´ on dem. there, yonder: over there, that place over there • naroon (na-) adv. it’s there, yonder [var. n´ andoon] paroon (pa-) v. go there, yonder dormitory´ ana/o Sp n. female/male resident of a dormitory dormit´ oryo n. dormitory dos Sp num. two d´ ose num. twelve dos´ ena Sp n. dozen d´ uke n. duke duk´ esa Sp n. dutchess dukh´ a’ adj. poor, destitute d´ ukot – dum´ ukot, d´ ukotin (-um:-in) v. to draw out from a pocket, bag or a container with the hand mangd´ ukot, duk´ utan (mang-:-an) v. to pickpocket d´ uda Sp n. doubt [syn. alinl´ angan] magduda (mag-) v. to doubt. Huwag kang magduda sa akin. Don’t doubt me. dug´ o’ n. blood • dugo´in, dugu´in (-in) v. to bleed profusely, as in a hemorrhage. Ako’y duguin kapag ako’y nasugatan. I bleed profusely when I am wounded. dumugo, magdugo (-um-,mag-) v. to bleed as a wound dugt´ ong – magdugtong, idugtong, dugtungan (mag-:i-:-an) v. to append, to annex, to add. Dugtungan mo ng tela ang iyong maigsing damit para humaba. Add another cloth to your short dress so

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d´ uro’ it will be longer. d´ uhat n. plum (Java), blackberries dul´ a’ n. drama, stage play [syn. dr´ ama] d´ ulang n. low dining table dul´ as – madulas (ma-) adj. slippery duld´ ol – iduldol (i-) v. to shove or thrust (something) with force into another, as pen into ink bottle, food into mouth, or like relation. Tigilan mo ang pagduldol ng pagkain sa kanyang bunganga. Stop putting food in his mouth. dul´ing adj. cross-eyed d´ ulo n. end, terminal extremity dul´ os n. trowel d´ ulot n. offering [syn. ´ alay, hand´ og] dumal´ aga n. pullet, female carabao at the age of puberty dum´i n. dirt • madumi (ma-) adj. dirty, unclean, filthy [var. marumi] d´ unong n. knowledge, wisdom • madunong (ma-) adj. intelligent, sage, erudite, bright, talented, wise [var. marunong] d´ ungaw – dum´ ungaw (-um-) v. to look out of the window dung´ awin (-in) v. to look out at somebody from the window d´ ungis n. dirt on face • madungis (ma-) adj. dirty (face) [var. marungis] dung´ o’ adj. shy, timid d´ uplo n. poetical game or contest dramatically strung to a short narrative sequence. dup´ ok – marupok (ma-) adj. weak (not durable), frail, fragile, brittle, delicate [var. rup´ ok ] dur´ a’ n. saliva, sputum [var. lura’ ] • dumur´ a’ (-um-) v. to spit mandura, dura´ an (mang-:-an) v. to spit at something [var. lura´ an] duriy´ an n. durian d´ uro’ – dumuro, dur´ uin (-um-:-in) v. to pierce or to penetrate sharply as with a pointed instrument

d´ usa

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manduro’, iduro’ (mang-:i-) v. to pierce, prick, penetrate something with a pointed instrument. Huwag mong duruin ang aking manekin. Don’t pierce my mannequin. d´ usa Sk n. suffering pagdur´ usa (pag-) n. punishment, castigation, suffering, grief [syn. h´irap, pagtiti´is] • magdusa (mag-) v. to suffer. Magdusa ka sana sa ginawa mong kasalanan. :I hope you suffer because of what you did. dus´ ena Sp n. dozen [var. dos´ena] duw´ ag adj. coward duw´ ende Sp n. elf, dwarf [syn. ti´ anak ] duw´ eto Sp n. duet d´ uyan n. cradle, hammock dy´ aryo Sp n. newspaper [var. diy´ aryo] dy´ip Eng n. jeep, jeepney

E ebaporasy´ on Sp n. evaporation ekl´ipse Sp n. eclipse ekonomiy´ a Sp n. economy [syn. pagtitip´id ] eks´ akto Sp adj. exact eks´ amen Sp n. examination, test [var. iks´ amen] eksibisiy´ on Sp n. exhibition eksperim´ ento Sp n. experiment [var. esperim´ento] ´ ekstra Sp adj. extra [syn. dagd´ ag] ekwad´ or Sp n. equator ed´ ad Sp n. age [syn. g´ ulang] eduk´ ado Sp adj. educated, trained, well-bred edukasy´ on Sp n. education eh part. hesitation pause (something more coming), used to close a sentence to reinforce disagreement, contradiction or protestation eleb´ eytor Eng n. elevator eleksiy´ on Sp n. election, voting [syn. hal´ alan]

espiy´ a elektrisid´ ad Sp n. electricity elektris´ista Sp n. electrician eleg´ ante Sp adj. elegant, stylish elem´ ento Sp n. element elep´ ante Sp n. elephant emp´ ake Sp n. packing, wrapping [var. imp´ ake] • magempake, empak´ihin (mag:-in) v. to pack. Empakihin mo na ang dadalhin mo. (Start) packing what you willtake with you. empan´ ada Sp n. meat pie emp´ atso Sp n. indigestion emperd´ible Sp n. safety pin empley´ ado/a Sp n. employee (male/ female) En´ ero Sp n. January [var. In´ero] ensal´ ada Sp n. salad entabl´ ado Sp n. stage entr´ ada Sp n. entrance [syn. pasuk´ an] entr´ ega Sp n. delivery • magentrega, ientrega (mag-:i-) v. to deliver, to hand in/over. Magentrega ka ng kaunting suweldo mo sa akin para sa iyong kinabukasan. Hand in a small portion of your salary to me so that you can have something in the future. eropl´ ano n. airplane eskin´ita Sp n. street corner turning into an alley, an alley [var. iskin´ita] esk´ oba Sp n. large hand brush, whisk broom [var. isk´ oba] esk´ olar Sp n. scholar eskr´ima Sp n. the art of fencing eskuw´ ela Sp n. school eskuwelah´ an Sp n. school [syn. p´ aaralan] eskultor n. sculptor esmer´ alda Sp n. emerald esp´ ada Sp n. sword, spade in playing cards Espany´ ol Sp n/adj. Spanish espesy´ al Sp adj. special esp´iritu Sp n. spirit, soul [syn. kaluluw´ a] espiy´ a Sp mag-espiy´ a, mangespiy´ a (mag-,mang-) v. to spy on.

estasy´on

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Mag-espiya ka sa kanila. You spy on them. estasy´ on Sp n. station. estasy´ on ng bus (bus station) [var. istasy´ on] estr´ elya Sp n. star [syn. bitu´in] estudy´ ante Sp n. student ´ eto intj. here it is [var. h´eto] Eur´ opa Sp n. Europe ´ ewan pv. don’t know [var. ayw´ an]. Ewan ko. I don’t know.

G ga´ an – magaan (ma-) adj. light (of weight), easy ga´ ano int. how much, what quantity gab´ ay n. hand rail, g´ abi n. taro, sticky edible tuber gab´i n. night, evening • kagabi (ka-) adv. last night gab´i-gab´i adv. every night, every evening gagamb´ a n. spider g´ ago/a adj. stupid, foolish (colloq), stuttering, stammering, pronouncing badly [var. hang´ al, tang´ a] gah´ asa’ – gahas´ ain (-in) v. to rape. Ginahasa ng mga sanggano ang babae. The woman was raped by the gangsters. gah´ ol adj. lacking in time [syn. hul´i] g´ ala’ – gumala’ (-um-) v. to wonder about, to go about idly, to travel aimlessly. Gumala siya sa buong siyudad bago siya umalis. He wondered about the city before he left. gal´ ak – ikagalak (ika-) v. to be pleased, to be happy gal´ ante Sp adj. gallant, chivalrous [syn. magino´ o] g´ alang – magalang (ma-) adj. polite, courteous, refined in manner, respectful gumalang. Magalang si Maria sa kanyang mga magulang. Maria isrespectful to her parents. (-um-) v. to respect, to treat with rev-

gan´ ap erence. Matuto kang gumalang sa matatanda. You should learn how to respect older people. gal´ aw – gumalaw (-um-) v. to move manggalaw, galaw´in, igalaw (mang-:-in:i-) v. to touch, to move. Huwag mong galawin ang silya. Don’t move the chair. gal´ing – magaling (ma-) adj. good, well-already, fine, skillful, clever, polite. Magaling gumamit si Juan ng... Juan was clever at using the... g´ aling – manggaling (mang-) v. to come from, to originate from. Siya ay nanggaling sa probinsiya. She came from the province. gal´is n. itch g´ alit n. anger, resentment, indignation • magalit (ma-) v. to get angry, to become angry. Huwag ka sanang magalit sa akin. Please don’t get angry with me. gamb´ ala’ n. delaying disturbance • gumambala (-um-) v. to cause disturbance manggambala, gambal´ ain (mang-:-in) v. to disturb, to bother g´ amit n. personal things, anything usable • gam´itin (-in) v. to wear, to use. Ginamit mo ba ang aking suklay? Did you use my comb? gam´ ot n. medicine • gumamot, gamut´in (-um-:-in) v. to treat, especially with medicine. Si Dr. Solis ang gumamot sa pasyente. Dr. Solis is the one who treated the patient. maggamot (mag-) v. to treat one’s self manggamot, gamut´in (mang-:-in) v. to treat others (outside of self) gamu-gam´ o n. moth g´ ana n. appetite g´ ana n. profit gan´ ap adj. 1 complete [syn. bu´ o’ ] 2 fulfilled, completed, finished [syn.

gan´ ap yar´i’, tap´ os] 3 exact [syn. eks´ akto, hust´ o] gan´ ap – gumanap (-um-) v. to perform, act. Gumanap siyang pare sa pelikula. He performed the role of a priest in the film. gand´ a – maganda (ma-) adj. beautiful, pretty, nice ganir´i adv. (fr. ga + nir´i or gaya nir´i) like this (referring to something close to the body of the speaker) [syn. ganit´ o] gan´it n. toughness for mastication, relative tightness or firmness (makingit hard to disengage) ganit´ o adv. (fr. ga + nit´ o or gaya nit´ o) like this one; in this way or manner [syn. ganir´i] ganiy´ an adv. (fr. ga + niy´ an or gaya niy´ an) like that one (referring to something near the person spoken to), in the same way or manner as that (referring to procedure being observed) [var. gany´ an] gano´ on adv. (fr. ga + noon) like that yonder, in that manner or way gans´ a’ n. goose gant´i Mal n. recompense, repayment • gumanti, gantih´ an (-um-:-an) v. to repay. Gantihan mo ang kanyang kabutihan. Repay his kindness. gantimp´ ala’ n. reward, prize g´ apang – gumapang v. to crawl, to creep. Gumapang ang bata sa sahig. The child crawled on the floor. manggapang, gap´ angin (mang-:in) v. to get or obtain something by stealth or by crawling towards it. g´ apas – manggapas, maggapas, gap´ asin (mag-:-in) v. to cut or mow (grass, rice stalk, or the like) with a scythe. Ang magsasaka ay pumunta sa bukid upang manggapas ng palay. The farmer went to the field to cut rice stalks. g´ apos n. manacle, rope tied around arms or hands adj. manacled • igapos (i-) v. to tie up securely,

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g´ aya usually by the arms. Igapos mo ang preso. Tie up the prisoner manggapos (mang-) v. to tie up g´ ara’ – magara’ (ma-) adj. nicely dressed gar´ ahe n. garage garapiny´ era Sp n. ice cream freezer garap´ on Sp n. large wide-mouthed bottle or decanter garb´ ansos n. chickpeas gasg´ as adj. worn out (by friction), worn out (by use) [syn. gast´ ado] gasl´ aw – magaslaw (ma-) adj. gauche, crude, flirtatiousness gasp´ ang – magaspang (ma-) adj. rough, coarse gasol´ina Sp n. gasoline gast´ a – gumast´ a, maggast´ a, gastah´in (-um-,mag-:-in) v. to spend, to expend. Malakas siyang gumasta ng pera. He spends money fast. gast´ ado Sp adj. worn-out by much use [syn. gasg´ as, gam´it] gastad´ or n. spend thrift g´ astos n. expenses gat´ a’ n. coconut milk, cream g´ atang n. chupa: a unit of measure for rice or other grains, dry measure g´ atas n. milk g´ ato n. jack g´ atong n. firewood, fuel • magg´ atong, ig´ atong (mag-:i-) v. to feed with fuel, to put into the fire as fuel. Kumuha ka ng kahoy para igatong. Get some wood for fuel. gaw´ a’ – gumawa’, maggawa’; gawa´in (gaw´in) (-um-,mag-:-in) v. to do, to make, to work, to build. Gawin mo muna ang iyong leksiyon. Do your lesson first. g´ awad n. award, bestowal, grant, prize [syn. gantimp´ ala’, pr´emyo] gawg´ aw n. starch, cornstarch gaw´i’ n. side, direction • gumawi’ (-um-) v. to go or move in a certain direction, to be inclined to or accustomed to. Gumawi ka kaliwa. Go left. g´ aya adv. like, resembling, in the

gay´ ak manner of. Hindi gaya ng bola. (unlike the ball). gumaya, gay´ ahin; manggaya (-um-,-in:mang-:-in) v. to imitate, to emulate. Huwag mong gayahin ang kapatid mo. Don’t imitate your brother. gay´ ak – manggayak; gayak´ an; igayak (mang-:-i:-an) v. to decorate, to festoon. Gayakan mo ang simbahan. They will decorate the church. gay´ on pron. (fr. ga + ya´ on) something like that adv. in that way or manner [var. gano´ on] gay´ on pron. also, furthermore (always followed by din). Siya’y isang taong may kaunting talino at gayon din may kaunting tapang. He is a man of some cleverness and also of some courage. gay´ uma n. love charm g´ era Sp n. war [syn. digm´ a’, digm´ aan] ger´ilya Sp n. guerrilla (man) gib´ a’ – maggiba’, giba´in (mag-:in) v. to destroy, to demolish, to ruin. Giniba ng bagyo ang bahay. The typhoon destroyed the house. g´igi’ – magg´igi’ (mag-) adj. slow, fussy, meticulous gi´it – gumiit (-um-) v. to push one’s way through maggiit, igiit (mag-:i-) v. to insist. Huwag mong igiit ang gusto mo. Don’t insist on what you want. gil´ agid n. gums g´ilid n. border, edge, margin adv. at the edge. sa gilid at the edge giling´ an n. mill, grinder g´iling – gumiling, maggiling; gil´ingin (-um-, mag-:-in) v. to grind something. Gilingin mo ang bigas. Grind the rice. gil´it n. cut, incision or slice marks (on fish or wood), sliced piece g´iliw n. love, affection g´inang n/adj. Mrs., matron, madam [abbr. Gng]

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g´ ugol gin´ aw n. cold, coldness, freezing temperature • magin´ aw (ma-) adj. cold, chilly, freezing ginaw´in (-in) v. to become cold. Magkumot ka para hindi ka ginawin. Use a blanket so you won’t become cold. magin´ aw (ma-) v. to feel cold ginh´ awa – maginhawa (ma-) adj. comfortable, easy gino´ o n. mister • m´ aginoo (ma-) adj. gentlemanly, well-bred man gint´ o’ n. gold gip´it adj. wanting or lacking in space [syn. mak´ipot] gis´ a – maggisa; gisah´in; igisa (mag-:-in,i-) v. to saute, to cook in oil, garlic, onions and or tomatoes. Ginisa ni Inday ang gulay. Inday sauteed the vegetable. gis´ antes n. peas gis´ing adj. awake • gum´ising (-um-) v. to wake up, to awaken. Gumising ka nang maaga bukas. Wake up early tomorrow. mangg´ising; gisingin (mang-:-in) v. to rouse someone git´ ara Sp n. guitar g´iting n. heroism, great courage • magiting (ma-) adj. courageous, heroic gitl´ing n. hyphen gitn´ a’ n. middle, center gobernad´ or Sp n. governor gobiy´ erno Sp n. government g´ oma Sp n. rubber [var. r´ aber ] g´ ora Sp n. cap g´ oto n. tripe gr´ abe Sp adj. grave, weighty [syn. malubh´ a’, mabig´ at] gr´ ado Sp n. degree gr´ atis Sp adj. free, gratis, for nothing [syn. wal´ ang-b´ ayad ] gr´ipo Sp n. faucet gu´ antes Sp n. gloves [syn. guw´ antes] g´ ubat n. forest, jungle g´ ugo’ n. native shampoo

g´ uhit g´ ugol – gumugol; gug´ ulin (-um:-in) v. to spend, to appropriate. Gumugol ako ng malaki sa aking bakasyon. I spent a lot in my vacation. maggugol; igugol (mag-:i) n. to spend, to appropriate (something) g´ uhit n. line g´ uhit n. a measure or weight equal to 100 grams guh´ o’ – pagguho’ (pag-) n. collapse, cave-in, crumbling gul´ aman n. gelatin (native, made from seaweed) gulan´it adj. ragged, worn-out g´ ulang n. age • magulang (ma-) adj. shrewd, mature gul´ angan (-an) v. to take advantage of someone who has not had much experience yet. Mag-ingat ka para hindi ka gulangan. Be careful so you won’t be taken advantage of. g´ ulat n. shock • mangg´ ulat; gul´ atin (mang-:-in) v. to frighten, to surprise, to shock someone. Ginulat mo naman ako! You frightened me! g´ ulay n. vegetables gul´ o n. riot, trouble, disorder, confusion • magulo (ma-) adj. unruly, rowdy, disorderly manggulo; guluh´in (mang-:-in) v. to create disorder, tumult or confusion. Nanggulo ang mga demonstrador. The demonstrators created disorder. g´ ulok n. bolo, large knife, machete gul´ od n. hill top gul´ ong n. wheel • gum´ ulong (-um) v. to roll. Gumulong ang bola sa sahig. The ball rolled on the floor. maggulong; igulong (mag-:i-) v. to roll something gumam´ ela n. hibiscus g´ unaw n. end of the world, destruction of all things, deluge

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h´ a! gun´igun´i n. imagination, apprehension, presentiment gunt´ing n. scissors gungg´ ong adj. stupid, ignorant gup´it n. haircut • gumupit, magupit, gupit´in (-um,mag-:-in) v. to cut with a pair of scissors or shears, to trim. Ginupit ng barbero ang aking buhok. The barber cut my hair. guro’ n. teacher, tutor [syn. m´estro/a, t´itser ] gus´ ali’ n. building gusg´ os – gusg´ usin (-in) adj. untidy, in rags, in tatters gus´ ot adj. crumpled, entangled, confused gust´ o pv. want, like [syn. ´ibig] • gumusto, gustoh´in (-um-:-in) v. to like, to want, to desire. Ginusto ng lalaki ang biyuda. The man desired the widow. gut´ ay adj. torn into pieces g´ utom n. hunger • magutom (ma-) v. to (get) hungry. Maraming tao ang nagugutom sa Pilipinas. Many people get hungry in the Philippines. guw´ apo/a adj. handsome, beautiful, good-looking, pretty, dashing guw´ ardiya Sp n. guard [syn. bant´ ay, t´ anod ] guyab´ ano n. (guayabano) soursop

H ha int. interrogative meaning: What is it?, What do you mean?, What’s that again? [syn. an´ o?, ano kam´ o? ] • part. interrogative particle meaning: Do you understand? [syn. Alam mo na ba, ha? ] • part. exclamatory interrogative particle with the element of surprise or reproach: Is that so? [syn. Ganoon pala, ha? So that’s what it is, huh?] h´ a! intj. (deprecatingly) So!, (reproachingly) So, that’s it!, particle

h´ aba’ producing laughter (in series) Ha! Ha! Ha! h´ aba’ n. a length • mahaba’ (ma-) adj. long, elongated hab´ ag – mahabag´in (ma-in) adj. kind-hearted, charitable • mahab´ ag (ma-) v. to take pity hab´ agat n. a west or southwest wind, monsoon h´ abang conj. throughout, during, while [syn. samant´ alang]. Habang siya’y natutulog... While he was sleeping... h´ abang-b´ uhay adv. for a lifetime, eternal hab´ilin n. something (as money, property, etc.) given in trust or for safe-keeping (from b´ilin) h´ abol – humabol, habulin (-um:-in) v. to catch up with, to appeal, to run after manghabol, hab´ ulin (mang-:-in) v. to run after somebody. Hinabol ni Pedro si Juan. Peter ran after John. habon´ era Sp n. soap box or tray [var. habun´era] hak´ ab adj. tight-fitting hakb´ ang n. step, space of stepping, pace in walking or running h´ akot Mal n. load, loading (in quantity) [syn. dal´ a, karg´ a] humakot, hak´ utin (-um-:-in). Hakutin mo ang madadala mo. Take what you can carry. hadl´ ang – humadlang (-um-) v. to stand in the way, to obstruct. Humadlang si Pedro sa aking daan. Pedro obstructed/blocked my way. maghadlang, ihadlang (mag-:i-) v. to place an impediment, to obstruct, to bar hagd´ an n. stairs, stairway, steps, ladder [var. hagd´ anan] hagib´is n. rapidity, velocity [syn. bil´is, t´ ulin] hag´ilap – humagilap (-um-) v. to search, to gather maghagilap, hagil´ apin (mag-:-in) v. to try to get hold of something at

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hal´ ang the time of need around one’s environment. Maghagilap ka ng panggatong. Gather firewood. manghagilap, hagil´ apin (mang-) v. to look for someone/something. Manghagilap ka ng makatutulong sa atin. Look for someone who can help us. h´ aging n. buzzing sound as of something speeding by hag´ip – makahagip, mahagip (maka-:ma-) v. hit or caught by a moving body. Nahagip siya ng kotse. The car hit him. h´ agis v. to hurl at, to cast something at humagis (-um-) v. to be thrown off. Humagis ang bata sa kotse. The child was thrown off the car. maghagis, ihagis (mag-:i-) v. to throw, to cast. Ihagis mo ang bola kay Pepe. Throw the ball to Pepe. h´ agod n. rubbing, massaging hagulh´ ol n. sudden, loud weeping hagup´it n. stroke of whip or lash h´ ain – maghain, ihain (mag-:i-) v. to set the table, to serve, to cook. Ihain mo ang adobong manok. Serve the chicken adobo. hal´ a! intj. a warning: if you do that, there will be consequences! hal´ aan n. clam halab´ os n. scalding or half cooking in salted water halakh´ ak n. loud laughter halag´ a n. price, value, importance • mahalaga (ma-) adj. important, valuable halagh´ ag adj. careless, neglectful [syn. pabay´ a’, bulags´ ak ] hal´ al – maghalal, ihalal (mag-:i-) v. to nominate, to elect. Ihalal natin ang mabuting kandidato. Let’s elect the good candidate. h´ alalan n. election, voting [syn. eleksy´ on] hal´ aman n. plant, garden, vegetation halaman´ an n. garden [syn. hard´in]

h´ alang hal´ ang – pahalang (pa-) adj. horizontal, traverse, lying across h´ alang – humalang (-um-) v. to barricade, to use one’s self as an obstruction. Humalang si Elsa sa aking balak. Elsa obstructed my plans. maghalang, ihalang (mag-:i-) v. to lay across, to put crosswise as an impediment. Inihalang niya ang mga bato sa kalye. They obstructed the road with stones. halat´ a’ adj. noticeable, conspicuous h´ alay – mahalay (ma-) adj. depraved, lewd, sensual hal´ik n. kiss • humalik (-um-) v. to kiss. Humalik ang bata sa ina. The child kissed his mother. manghalik, halik´ an (mang-:-an) v. to kiss somebody, something. Halikan mo ang kamay ng lola mo. Kiss the hand of your grandmother. hal´ika v. (You) come here hal´igi n. post [var. p´ oste] hal´ili – humalili (-um-) v. to substitute, to replace. Humalili ako sa kanya. I took his place. maghalili, halil´ihan (mag-:-an) v. to change something. Hahalinhan mo ang kuya mo sa pagbabantay ng bahay. You will take turns with your older brother in watching the house. hal´imaw n. beast, monster halimb´ awa’ n. example, model, for example, for instance halim´ uyak n. fragrance, scent [syn. bang´ o] hal´ina n. fascination [syn. gay´ uma] v. come along. Halina kayo. Lets go. halipar´ ot adj. vulgar, coquette, coarse h´ alo’ – humalo’ (-um-) v. to mix. Humalo siya sa aming biruan. He ed in our kidding around. maghalo’, hal´ uin, ihalo’ (mag-:in:i-) v. to stir, to add as another ingredient. Haluin mo ang aking niluluto. Stir what I am cooking.

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h´ amon h´ alo-h´ alo n. a kind of dessert made of sweetened fruits and crushed ice h´ alos adv. almost. Halos lahat ng tao. Almost all people. hal´ ukay – maghalukay, haluk´ ayin (mag-:-in) v. to dig, to turn over and back either in search of something or to mix well. Hinalukay ni Maria ang aking mga kagamitan. Maria rummaged through my things. halukipk´ip – nakahalukipkip (naka-) adj. with forearms crossed close to body below the chest halugh´ og – maghalughog, halughug´in (mag-:-in) v. to search or examine minutely, to search every corner of a place thoroughly. Hinalughog ng mga pulis ang bahay ni Berto. The policemen searched Berto’s house. halumigm´ig n. moisture, humidity, condensation • adj. humid halungk´ at – maghalungkat, halungkat´in (mag-:-in) v. to turn over a pile of things in search for something, to search carefully among a number of things. Hinalungkat niya ang aking mga damit. He went through my clothes. h´ amak adj. abject, lowly, contemptible, of small , vile, insignificant hamb´ alos n. flogging with a cudgel or club hamb´ing – maghambing, ihambing (mag-:i-) v. to compare, to place side by side in comparison. Ihambing mo ang iyong ginawa sa gawa ni Jose. Compare your work with Jose’s. hamb´ og adj. proud, overbearing, boastful, arrogant h´ amo v. (short form of hay´ aan mo) meaning don’t mind it or don’t worry about it ham´ og n. dew ham´ on n. ham h´ amon – manghamon, ham´ unin (mang-:-in) v. to challenge, to look

hamp´ as for a competitor. Hinamon niya sa boksing si Rene. He challenged Rene to a bout (boxing). hamp´ as – humampas (-um-) v. to slam against something. Humampas ang ulo niya sa pader. His head hit the wall. manghamp´ as, hampas´in (mang:-in) v. to strike something, to scourge hampasl´ upa’ n. vagabond, bum, tramp, good for nothing h´ anap – humanap, han´ apin (-um-:-in) v. to look for, to search for (something). Humanap ka ng trabaho. Look for a job. hanapb´ uhay n. occupation, livelihood, means of earning a living h´ anay n. row, file • humanay (-um-) v. to stay in line or in a row. Humanay kayo ng isaisa. Stay in line one by one. maghanay, ihanay (mag-:i-) v. to place or put in line or in a successive order hand´ a’ adj. ready, prepared • humanda’, ihanda’ (-um-:i-) v. to get something ready or to set something, to prepare something. Ihanda mo na ang pagkain. Prepare the food now. hand´ og n. offering, gift, present • maghandog, ihandog, handug´ an (mag-:i-:-an) v. to offer, to dedicate. Naghandog ng tulong ang estudyante. The student offered help. handus´ ay adj. prostate, fallen flat h´ anip n. chicken flea hant´ ad adj. exposed [syn. lant´ ad ] hant´ ong – humantong (-um-) v. to end up in, to stop, to terminate. Humantong sa away ang usapan nila. Their talk ended up in a quarrel. h´ anga’ – paghanga’ (pag-) n. iration, amazement, astonishment hang´ ad n. desire, interest, intent hang´ al adj. stupid, idiotic, fool [syn. tang´ a, gungg´ ong, mangm´ ang]

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h´arang hangg´ a – hanggahan (-an) n. result, end, outcome [syn. b´ unga, d´ ulo, result´ ado] hangg´ anan n. boundary, limit [syn. d´ ulo] hangg´ ang conj. till, until, as far as • prep. up to h´ angin n. air, wind • mahangin (ma-) adj. windy h´ ango’ – humango’ (-um-) v. to appropriate a certain amount of goods maghango’, hang´ uin (mag-:-in) v. to remove something being cooked from the fire, to adapt from literary material, to save someone from something. Hanguin mo siya sa hirap. Help him out (of his difficulties). h´ angos – hum´ angos v. breathless hap´ ag n. dining table [var. m´esa] hapd´i’ – mahapdi’ (ma-) adj. smarting h´ apis adj. sad, gloomy, grievous hap´ o’ adj. tired, exhausted, fatigued h´ apon n. afternoon • kahapon (ka-) adv. yesterday Hap´ on n. Japanese hap-slip n. half-slip hap´ unan n. dinner, supper, evening meal • maghapunan (mag-) v. to have dinner. Naghapunan ka na ba? Have you had dinner yet? har´ ana n. serenade • magharana, mangharana, haran´ ahin (mag-:mang-:-in) v. to serenade. Haranahin natin si Belen ngayong gabi. Let’s serenade Belen tonight. h´ arang – humarang (-um-) v. to block, to bar, to stand in the way. Humarang siya sa kalye. He blocked the road. magharang, iharang (mag-:i-) v. to put a block or a hindrance, to bar with something. Magharang ka ng kahoy sa pinto. Bar the door with a piece of wood. mangharang, har´ angin (mang:-in) v. to rob, to stop, to block.

har´ ap Nanghaharang siya ng mga tao. He robs people. har´ ap n. front adv. Sa harap. In front of, before (the class). humarap (-um-:-in) v. to face. Humarap ka sa akin. (You) face me. hard´in n. garden [syn. halaman´ an] hardin´ ero n. gardener h´ ari’ n. king har´ina n. flour har´ ot – maharot (ma-) adj. unladylike, coarse, unrefined, boisterous h´ asa’ – maghasa’, ihasa’, has´ ain (mag-:i-:-in) v. to sharpen. Ihasa mo ang kutsilyo. Sharpen the knife. hasm´in n. jasmine h´ atak – paghatak (pag-) towing [syn. b´ atak, h´ila] humatak, hat´ akin (-um-:-in) to pull. Humatak ka sa lubid. Pull the rope. manghatak (mang-). Manghatak ka ng kahit sino. Pull anyone. h´ ati’ – humati’ (-um-) v. to share, to take a part of magh´ ati’, hat´iin (mag-:-in) v. to apportion into two, to divide. Hinati ng ina ang tinapay. The mother apportioned the bread. hat´id – maghatid, ihatid (mag-:i-) v. to conduct, to escort, to accompany. Si Ver ang maghahatid sa iyo sa estasyon. Ver will accompany you to the station. h´ atinggabi adv. late, midnight h´ atol – maghatol, ihatol (mag-:i-) v. to judge, to give a sentence or decision manghatol, hat´ ulan (mang-:-an) v. to judge. Huwag mo akong hatulan. Don’t judge me. h´ aula n. cage [var. h´ awla] h´ awa n. infection adj. contagious • manghawa, haw´ aan (mang-:-an) v. to infect, to contaminate another, to stain. Nanghawa siya ng sipon sa akin. He infected me with colds. h´ awak – humawak, haw´ akan (-um-:-an) v. to hold in hand, to

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higp´it grasp maghawak (mag-) to hold each other by the hand. Humawak ka nang mahigpit sa akin. Grasp me tightly. haw´ as adj. well-proportioned (figure), oval (face) haw´ig adj. similar, resembled hay´ an! intj. there! There it is! (fr. ha + iyan) h´ ayop n. animal hay´ un! intj. Look there! There it is, yonder (fr. ha + iy´ on) h´ eko Ch n. dark sauce from salted shrimps helik´ opter n. helicopter hen´ eral/a n. general (masculine/feminine) h´ epe n. boss, chief, head h´ eto intj. here it is (fr. ha + ito) [var. ´eto] h´ibi n. dried shrimp hib´ik n. pleading, supplication h´ika’ n. asthma hik´ ab – humikab, maghikab (-um-:mag-) v. to yawn [var. hig´ ab]. Naghihikab siya kapag siya’y inaantok. He yawns when he is sleepy. hikah´ os adj. needy, broke, bankrupt h´ikaw n. earrings hik´ ayat n. persuasion hikb´i’ n. sob hig´ a’ – humiga’ (-um-) v. to lie down. Humiga ka at magpahinga. Lie down and rest. maghiga’, ihiga’ (mag-:i-) v. to lay down something h´igad n. caterpillar hig´ ante Sp n. giant hig´it adv. more, excessive, over h´igop – humigop, hig´ upin (-um-:in) v. to sip. Humigop ng sabaw ng manok ang maysakit. The sick one sipped chicken broth. higp´it – mahigpit (ma-) adj. tight, strict • humigpit (-um-) v. to become tight. Humigpit ang kanyang pan-

h´ihip

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talon. His tros got tight. maghigpit, higpit´ an v. to tighten h´ihip n. blowing (as of wind from mouth) • humihip (-um-) v. to blow (as of the wind or from the mouth). Himihip ang hangin. The wind blew. h´ipan (-an) v. to blow on something. Hipan mo ang apoy. Blow at the fire. h´ila – humila v. to pull manghila, hil´ ahin (mang-:-in) v. to pull something. Hinila ng lalaki ang kariton. The man pulled the cart. hil´ aga’ n. north hil´ amos – maghilamos, hilam´ usan (mag-:-an) v. to wash one’s face. Maghilamos ka muna bago ka magalmusal. Wash your face first before you eat breakfast. hil´ at adj. stretched, pulled hilats´ a n. thread unravelled from cloth hil´ aw adj. raw (food), green, unripe, uncooked, undercooked hilb´ ana Sp n. basting (sewing) hil´ era n. row, file hil´ik – humilik (-um-) v. to snore. Humihilik siya pag tulog. He snores while sleeping. h´ilig Mal n. inclination, leaning position, propensity, tendency • mahilig (ma-) adj. having the inclination or tendency to hil´ing – humiling, hiling´in (-um-:in) v. to request. Hilingin mo siyang kumanta. Request her to sing. hil´ o adj. dizzy • mahilo (ma-) v. to become dizzy, to become confused. Nahilo ang babae sa init. The woman became dizzy because of the heat. h´ilod – maghilod, hil´ urin v. to scrub the skin to remove dirt. Hilurin mo ang likod ko. Please scrub my back. h´ilot n. midwife

hin´ ahon him´ agas n. dessert himags´ik – maghimagsik (mag-) v. to rebel, to revolt. Naghimagsik ang mga tao laban sa pamahalaan. The people revolted against the government. himal´ a’ n. miracle • maghimala’ (mag-) v. to perform a miracle. Naghimala ang Birhen. The Virgin performed a miracle. h´imas n. gentle rubbing on skin by the palm of the hand, caressful rubbing, petting by rubbing the back of fighting roosters him´ asok n. interference, meddling manghimasok (mang-) v. to meddle in (something one is not concerned about). Huwag kang manghimasok sa buhay ng may buhay. Don’t meddle with the lives of others. himat´ ay – himatay´in (-in) v. to faint, to out, to be come unconscious. Hinimatay si Gloria nang marinig ang balita. Gloria fainted when she heard the news. himaym´ ay n. fiber himb´ing Ch n. deep slumber himpapaw´id n. atmospheric space himp´il n. stopping to rest or stay, station, headquarters himulm´ ol n. plucking of feathers from fowls or birds, or of hair from animals himut´ ok n. outcry of disappointment or distress, whimper h´ina’ – mahina’ (ma-) adj. weak, lack of strength • humina’ (-um-) v. to become weak. Humina ang kanyang katawan dahil sa sakit. His body became weak because of his illness. manghina’ (mang-) v. to feel weak hinagp´is n. doleful sigh, plaint hin´ ahon – mahinahon (ma-) adj. self-controlled, calm • huminahon (-um-) v. to be calm. Huminahon ang sanggol nang binigyan ng gatas. The baby calmed

h´inang down when given milk. h´inang – maghinang, hin´ angin (mag-:-in) v. to solder, to weld. Ang kanyang trabaho ay maghinang ng kotse. His job is to weld cars. hin´ ala’ n. suspicion • maghinala’, hinal´ ain (mag-:-in) v. to suspect, to presume. Naghihinala ang babae sa kanyang asawa. The woman is suspecting that her husband is philandering. hinanak´it n. grudge, ill feeling hin´ ayang n. feeling of regret for not having utilized something or not havingtake advantage of a situation (from s´ ayang) panghinayang (pang-) n. regret hind´i’ adv. no, not, negative particle (+ba) tag question roughly equivalent to ’isn’t it?’, ’aren’t they?’, ’did he?’ hin´ ete Sp n. jockey, horseman hinh´in – mahinhin (ma-) adj. modest, refined hining´ a n. breath hinlalak´i n. thumb hinlal´ ato n. middle finger or toe hin´ og adj. ripe (particularly of fruits), mature • mahinog (ma-) v. to be ripe. Nahinog ang mangga sa puno. The mango ripened on the tree. hint´ ay – maghintay, hintay´in (mag-:-in) v. to wait, to wait for. Hintayin mo ako. Wait for me. hint´ o’ – huminto’ (-um-) v. to stop, to come to a halt. Huminto ang kotse sa tapat ng bahay. The car stopped in front of the house. maghinto’, ihinto’ (mag-:i-) v. to stop something hintutur´ o’ n. index finger hing´ a – huminga (-um-) v. to breathe, to exhale. Huminga siya ng malalim. He took a deep breath. maghinga, ihinga (mag-:i-) v. to expose, to bring out. Maghinga ka ng sama ng loob mo. Let off (a little) steam/ pour out your ill feelings.

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hit´ a’ magpahinga (magpa-) v. to rest, to take a rest h´ingal – humingal (-um-) v. to pant, to gasp. Humihingal siya sa pagod. He is panting because of fatigue. hingal´ o – maghingalo (mag-) v. to be in a state of dying. Naghingalo ang maysakit. The sick is already in a state of dying. hing´i’ – humingi’, hing´in (-um:-in) v. to ask for. Humingi ka ng tawad sa kanya. Ask for her forgiveness. manghingi’ (mang-:-in) v. to ask for (repetitively) h´ipag n. sister-in-law (term of reference) h´ipo’ n. touch h´ipon n. shrimp hir´ am – manghiram, humiram, hiram´in (mang,-um-:-in) v. to borrow, to ask for a loan. Humiram ng pera sa bangko ang negosyante. The businessman borrowed money from the bank. h´irang n. choice, selection, the chosen one (usually a lover or sweetheart), darling [syn. ´irog, mah´ al ] • hir´ angin (-in) v. to appoint to a position. Hinirang siyang bise-presidente. He was appointed vice-president. h´irap – mahirap (ma-) adj. poor, difficult, hard, destitute • humirap (-um-) v. to become difficult. Humirap ang buhay. Life became (more) difficult. mahirap (ma-) v. to be hard, difficult. Mahirap mag-alaga ng bata. It’s hard to take care of children. h´irin n. choking (by a lump in the throat) h´ita’ n. thigh hit´ a’ n. contrary and unsatisfactory consequence obtained from a goodwill act but uncalled for or uninvited mahita’ (ma-) v. to obtain an unsatisfactory or frustrating reqard for

hit´it a voluntary effort done in good-will. Iyan ang mahihita mo! That’s what you get (for your goodwill)! hit´it n. smoking of cigars or cigarettes • humitit (-um-) v. to smoke. Humihitit siya ng tabako. He smokes cigars. h´ito’ n. fresh water catfish hits´ o n. betel nut leaf with line and betel nut for chewing hits´ ura n. form, aspect h´iwa’ n. a slice • humiwa’, maghiwa’, hiwa´in (-um-,mag-:-in) v. to cut with a blade or knife, to slice. Maghiwa ka ng kamatis para sa ensalada. Slice some tomatoes for the salad. manghiwa’ (mang-) v. to cut deliberately with a blade or knife hiw´ aga’ n. mystery • mahiwaga’ (ma-) adj. wonderful, mysterious hiwal´ ay – humiwalay (-um-) v. to separate from. Humiwalay ka sa kanya. Leave him (go your own way). maghiwalay, ihiwalay (mag-:i-) v. to sort out, to set apart. Maghiwalay ka ng pagkain para sa tatay. Set aside some food for your father. hiw´ as adj. slant, oblique, diagonal hiy´ a’ – mahiyain (ma-in) adj. shy, bashful • mahiya’ (ma-) v. to feel embarassed manghiya’, hiya´in (mang-:-in) v. to shame someone. Huwag mong hiyain ang mga Pilipino. Don’t embarass the Filipinos. hiy´ ang adj. suited, compatible, agreeing (as medicine, food, company, etc.) hiy´ as n. jewels, gems hiy´ aw – humiyaw (-um-) v. to yell, to shout. Humiyaw ka para ka marinig. Yell so you would be heard. ho’ part. colloquial form of po’, a

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hul´i word of respect hoy intj. hey! an exclamation of warning or calling attention hub´ ad adj. naked, undressed from the waist up, not in possession of • maghubad, hubar´in (mag-:-in) v. to undress, to have nothing from the waist up. Naghubad siya dahil sa init. He undressed because of the heat. Hubarin mo ang kamiseta mo. Take off your undershirt. hub´ o’ adj. nude, undressed from the waist down • maghubo’,hubu´ an (mag-:-an) v. to take off the pants, to undress from the waist down. Maghubo ka ng pantalon. Take off your pants. h´ ubog n. curves (figure) h´ ukay – humukay (-um-, mag-:-in) v. to dig, to excavate. Humukay siya ng butas. He dug a hole. hukb´ o’ n. army huk´ om n. judge huk´ uman n. court huk´ ot adj. bent, stoop-shouldered H´ udas Sp adj. traitor [syn. taks´il ] hudy´ at n. sign, Hudy´ o Sp n. Jew, • adj. Jewish, wily h´ ugas – maghugas, hug´ asan (mag-:-an) v. to wash. Maghugas ka ng plato. Wash the plate. hugas´ an n. sink h´ ugis n. shape h´ ugot – humugot (-um-) v. to pull out, to draw. Humugot siya ng damit sa aparador. She pulled out a dress from the cabinet. manghugot, hug´ utin (mang-:in) v. to pull out. Huwag kang manghugot ng hindi mo ari. Don’t pull out what is not yours. h´ ula’ – manghula’, hul´ aan (mang:-an) v. to predict, to guess, to tell one’s fortune. Nanghuhula siya sa baraha. He tells fortunes from the cards. hul´i adj. late, tardy, last • mahuli (ma-) v. to be late or tardy.

h´ uli Dali ka at baka ka mahuli! Hurry up or you might be late. h´ uli – humuli (-um-) v. to catch, to arrest, to apprehend manghuli, hul´ihin (mang-:-in) v. to catch someone, to chase after someone. Nanghuli siya ng masasamang tao. He caught bad people. hul´ing hab´ilin n. last will of a dying person h´ ulog – mahulog (ma-) v. to fall, to drop. Nahulog siya sa kama. He fell from the bed. maghulog, ihulog (mag-:i-) v. to drop, to fail (as in an examination), to pay in installment, to deposit (money). Maghulog ka ng pera sa bangko. Deposit money in the bank. H´ ulyo n. July huming´i’ v. to ask for, to request hump´ ak adj. hollow, sunken, depressed h´ uni n. chirping or hooting of birds or fowls H´ unyo n. June hur´ ado n. jury hurn´ o n. oven h´ usay – mahusay (ma-) adj. able, skillful, in good shape, orderly, wellarranged husg´ ado Sp n. court of justice [syn. huk´ uman] hust´ o adj. sufficient, enough, fit, adequate [syn. sap´ at] huw´ ad adj. counterfeit, forged, fake, false huw´ ag adv. don’t, negative command [var. hw´ ag,] Huw´ ebes n. Thursday huw´ es n. judge huw´ eteng Ch n. a number pairing game

´ikot

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I ib´ a pron. other, others, another • adj. another, other, different, unlike mag-iba, ibah´in (mag-:-in) v. to switch, to change ibab´ a’ n. lower part of the house, the basement ib´ abaw n. upper crust or surface, top • adv. (sa ibabaw) over, above, on top ib´ ayo adj. opposite ib´ ayo – mag-ibayo (mag-) v. to double, to be excessive, to be too much. Nag-ibayo ang halaga ng bilihin. The prices of goods doubled. ´ibig p v. want, like, wish, desire [syn. gust´ o ]. Ibig niyang kumain ng suha. He wants to eat the grapefruit. umibig, mang-ibig, ib´igin (-um-, mang-:-in) v. to want, to like, to desire, to wish, to love. Umibig si Nora kay Tirso. Nora loves Tirso. manging´ibig n. beau, suitor ´ibon n. bird ik´ a af. a prefix used to show sequence, order. ika´ apat fourth ikatl´ o num. third, derived from ikatatlo ik´ aw pron. you (singular), usually occurs initially in sentences ´ikit – umikit (-um-) v. to turn around, to turn inward, to rotate. Habang umiikit ang mundo, lumilipas ang panahon. As the earth rotates, time goes by. mag-ikit, ik´itin, iikit v. (mag-:-in, i) to wind ikl´i’ – maikli’ (ma-) adj. short ikm´ o n. betel leaf ´ikot – umikot (-um-) v. to turn around, to turn outward, to revolve. Umikot siya sa buong bahay. She went around the house. mag-ikot, iikot (mag-:-i) v. to turn around or to take around. Iikot mo siya sa buong bayan. Take him

iks´ amin all around town. iks´ amin Sp umiksamin (-um-) v. to take an examination or a test. Umiksamin siya kahapon. He took a test yesterday. mag-iks´ amin, iksam´inin (mag-:in) v. to examine. Nag-iksamin ako ng kanyang mga binili. I examined the things he bought. iks´i’ – maiksi’ (ma-) adj. short idl´ip n. nap ´igat n. eel igk´ as – umigkas (-um-) v. to spring suddenly, to be discharged, to let loose suddenly. Umigkas siyang bigla sa higaan. He sprang suddenly from the bed. ´igi – maigi (ma-) adj. well, all right ig´ib – umigib, mag-igib, igib´in (um-, mag-:-in) v. to fetch water, to carry water to a place. Mag-igib ka ng tubig sa poso. Fetch water from the well. igl´ ap n. very brief moment [syn. sagl´it, sandal´i’ ] ignor´ ante Sp adj. ignorant [syn. mangm´ ang, hang´ al, ma´ ang, tang´ a] Igor´ ote Sp n. Igorot [var. Igur´ ot] ´ihaw – mag-ihaw, ih´ awin, i´ihaw (mag-:-in, i-) v. to broil, to roast. Nag-ihaw si Juana ng tuyo. Juana roasted dried fish. ´ihi’ n. urine • umihi’ (-um-) v. to urinate. Bawal umihi dito. It’s unlawful to urinate here. ih´it n. fit, convulsion (of laughter, anger or weeping) ´ilag – umilag (-um-) v. to avoid, to dodge, to keep off, to shun. Umilag ako sa bola. I dodged the ball. mangilag (mang-) v. to be cautious, to be wary, to keep away from. Mangilag ka sa mga masamang tao. Avoid the undesirable people. il´ alim n. bottom, space below or underneath • adv. used with sa il´ an pron. some, several, a few il´ an int. how many?

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imp´ o ´ilap – mailap (ma-) adj. not tame, wild ´ilaw n. light, lamp ilaw´ an n. lamp [syn. l´ ampara] il´ing n. shaking of the head in denial or disapproval Ilok´ ano/a n. a person from the Ilocos region (masculine/ feminine) ´ilog n. river il´ ong n. nose imb´ ak – mag-imbak, imbakin, iimbak (mag-:-in, i-) v. to hoard, to store away, to conserve. Nag-imbak sila ng bigas. They are hoarding rice. imb´ ento – mag-imbento, imbentuh´in, umimbento (mag-:-in, -um) v. to invent, to create. Si Edison ang nag-imbento ng kamera. Edison invented the camera. imbestigasy´ on Sp n. investigation imb´i adj. despicable, abject, mean imbit´ a – mag-imbita, imbitah´in (mag-:-in) v. to invite (someone). Imbitahin mo sila sa piyesta. Invite them to the fiesta. imbitasy´ on Sp n. invitation [syn. any´ aya, kumbid´ a] im´ik – umimik (-um-) v. to break the silence, to talk, to answer, to reply. Hindi man lamang siya umimik. She did not even talk. imigrasy´ on Sp n. immigration imitasy´ on Sp n. imitation imp´ ake – mag-impake, impak´ihin (mag-:-in) v. to pack. Nag-impake siya ng mga lumang damit. He packed some old clothes. impeksiy´ on Sp n. infection imp´it – mag-impit, impit´in (mag:-in) v. to corner, to buy up something to raise its price. Nag-impit sila ng bigas para tumaas ang presyo. They cornered rice so that the price will go up. implu´ ensa Sp n. influenza [syn. trangk´ aso] imp´ o Ch n. grandmother [syn. l´ ola] imp´ ong (-ng) adj. a title for an old

imp´ ok woman used with a given name imp´ ok – mag-impok, impuk´in (mag-:-in) v. to save (usually money). Kailangan nating magimpok ng pera. We need to save money. imporm´ al Sp adj. informal impos´ible adj. impossible in´ a n. mother [syn. in´ ay, in´ ang, n´ anang, n´ anay] inaan´ ak n. godchild (term of reference) inak´ ay n. young of fowls inah´in n. egg-laying hen ´inam – mainam (ma-) adj. pleasant, tasty, good, exquisite, delicate in´ ang n. appellation for in´ a, mother, mama [syn. in´ ay, n´ anang] ´inat – mag-in´ at, uminat (mag-, -um-) v. to stretch (oneself). Naginat siya at naghikab dahil sa pagod. He stretched himself and yawned because of fatigue. in´ ay n. mother, mama ind´ ak – umindak (-um-) v. to dance (in time with the music). Umindak ang mananayaw sa saliw ng musika. The dancer danced to the tune of music. indulh´ ensiya Sp n. indulgence (religion) inhiny´ ero n. engineer in-´in, inin adj. food fully cooked (as rice) after having been kept over hot coals for some time in´ip – mainip (ma-) v. to be bored, to be impatient. Nainip ako sa kahihintay sa iyo. I got bored of waiting for you. in´is – mainis (ma-) v. to be annoyed, to be disgusted, to be exasperated. Nainis siya sa akin. She got annoyed with me. uminis, mang-inis, inis´in (-um, mang-:-in) v. to vex, to annoy, to provoke, to exasperate. Huwag kang mang-inis ng kapwa. Don’t annoy your fellowmen. ´init n. heat, warmth, high tempera-

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´ingat ture • mainit (ma-) adj. hot, warm mag-init, in´itin (mag-:-in) v. to heat (something). Nag-init si Marta ng tubig para pampaligo. Marta is heating water for bathing. ´init (ang u ´lo) – mainit (ma-) adj. short-tempered inod´ oro Sp n. water closet, toilet in´ om n. drinks, beverage • uminom, inum´in (-um-:-in) v. to drink (something), to take as of medicine mag-in´ uman (mag-:-an) v. to have a drinking spree. Nag-inuman ang barkada sa tindahan. The gang is having a drinking spree at the store. ins´ o Ch n. appellation for the wife of an elder brother or male cousin inspir´ ado Sp adj. inspired ins´ ulto – mainsulto (ma-) v. to be insulted mang-insulto, insultuh´in (mang:-in) v. to insult, to embarrass. Ininsulto ng pari si Ibarra sa harap ng mga bisita. The priest insulted Ibarra in front of the guests. intelih´ ente Sp adj. intelligent [syn. matal´ino, mar´ unong] inter´ es Sp n. 1 percentage of profit or gain on a sum of money [syn. t´ ubo’, pat´ ubo’ ] 2 sympathetic feeling 3 desire to obtain or possess intind´i – umintindi (-um-) v. to understand, to comprehend. Hindi siya marunong umintindi. He cannot comprehend. mag-intindi, intindih´in (mag-:in) v. to take care of, to look after, to attend to. Intindihin mo ang mga kapatid mo. Attend to your brothers (or sisters). Ints´ik n. Chinese in´ util adj. useless, worthless iny´ o pron. you, yours (plural) ´ingat Mal pag-iingat n. (pag-) carefulness • maingat (ma-) adj. cautious, careful

´ingay mag-ingat, pag-ing´ atan (mag:pag-an) v. to take care of, to safeguard, to exercise care. Nagiingat siyang mabuti sa sarili. She takes good care of herself. ´ingay n. noise, sound • maingay (ma-) adj. noisy umingay (-um-) v. to become noisy. Umingay ang kuwarto. The room became noisy. mag-ingay (mag-) v. to create noise. Nag-ingay sila sa kalye. They made a lot of noise in the street. ing´it n. whimper ingk´ ong n/adj. a title for an old man used with or without a given name, a reference to an old man, grandfather ingg´it – mainggit (ma-) v. to become envious, to begrudge. Nainggit siya sa akin. She was envious of me. mang-inggit, inggit´in (mang:-in) v. to make others envious. Nang-iinggit lang sila. They’re just making me envious. Ingl´ es, Inggl´ es n/adj. English, English man • mag-Inggles, Ingglis´in (mag-:-in) v. to speak in English to (someone). Ingglisin mo siya. Speak to him in English. Ingglisin (-in) v. to translate (a age or text into English). Ingglisin mo itong tulang ito. Translate this poem into English. ip´ a n. chaff or husk of palay ipangan´ ak v. to be born ´ipil n. hardwood tree used in house construction ´ipis n. cockroach ´ipit – ip´itin (-in) v. to crush. Huwag mong ipitin ang kamay mo. Don’t crush your hand (e.g. on the car door). maipit (ma) v. to get caught in between, to be clipped. Naipit siya sa pinto. She got pinched in the door [She (her hand, foot, etc.) got

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´isip caught in the door]. mag-ipit (mag-) v. to clip, pin (hair). Mag-ipit ka ng buhok. Pin your hair in place. mang-ipit, ip´itin (mang-:-in, i-) v. to clip, to clasp, to press, to catch in between ip´ okrita Sp n. hypocrite ´ipon – mag-ipon, ip´ unin (mag-:iin) v. to save, to collect, to put together, to hoard. Ipunin mo ang sahod mo. Save your salary. ´ipot n. droppings of fowls and small animals ´ipu-´ipo n. cyclone, tornado, whirlwind ´irap – umirap (-um-) v. to give a sullen glance. Umirap siya nang utusan ko. She just closed her eyes and turned away when I made my request. (She made a face and turned away when I asked her to do something for me.) mang-irap, ir´ apan (mang-:i-an) v. Nang-irap na naman ang supladang babae. That snobbish girl just closed her eyes and turned away again. (That snob did it again – she made a face at me and turned away.) ir´i dem. this (that which is attached or close to the person speaking) [var. ir´e ] • ganir´ e (ga-) adv. in this way or manner ir´i n. the act of muscular force in moving the bowels ´irog n. beloved, darling [syn. sint´ a, g´iliw ] is´ a num. one is´ a n/adv. next, as in sa isang linggo, next week ´isaw n. small intestine iskapar´ ate n. bookcase isk´iper n. T-shirt iskult´ or n. sculptor isd´ a’ n. fish ´isip – mag-isip, is´ipin (mag-:-in) v. to think it over. Isipin mong mabuti bago ka magdesisyon. You think it

´isla over carefully before you make your decision. (Think it over carefully before you make up your mind.) ´isla n. island ist´ adyum n. stadium ist´ ante n. shelf ist´ atuwa n. statue ist´ orya n. story [syn. kuw´ento] istr´ ayk – mag-istrayk (mag-) v. to strike against (an employer). Mag-iistrayk ang empleyado ng Safeway. Safeway’s employees will go on strike. istr´ etser n. stretcher istr´ o n. straw it´ ak n. bolo, large knife, cutlass, kitchen knife It´ alya Sp n. Italy it´ ay n. father (term of address and reference) [syn. t´ atay, Pap´ a, It´ ang] ´iti n. dysentery ´itik Mal n. species of duck that produces eggs made into bal´ ot it´im adj. dark, black itl´ og n. egg it´ o dem. this, this one here [var. ir´e ] d´ito here [var. d´ine] h´ eto here it is [var. ´eto] nit´ o of this [var. nir´e ] ´iwan – mag-iwan, iw´ anan (mag:-an) v. to leave something behind. Iwanan mo ang mga nahuli. Leave the latecomers behind. mang-iwan (mang-) v. Nang-iwan siya ng kanyang mga kasama. He left his companions behind. ´iwas – umiwas, iw´ asan (-um-:-an) v. to avoid. Umiwas ka sa sakuna. Avoid accidents. ´iwi – pag-iiwi (pag-) n. taking care of an animal (as pig, goat, cattle, etc.) for someone else who is the real owner • mag-iwi (mag-) v. to take care of children or animal. Mag-iwi ka ng anak niya. Take care of her child. iy´ ak – umiy´ ak (-um-) v. to cry. Umiyak siya sa pag-alis ng nanay niya. She cried when her mother

labat´iba

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left. iy´ an dem. that, that one there • diyan dem. there hayan dem. there it is • niyan dem. of that iy´ o pron. your, yours (singular) iy´ on dem. that (yonder), that one there doon there, yonder hayun there, yonder, it is niyon of that, yonder [var. noon]

L la´ an – nakalaan (naka-) adj. reserved for, intended for, headed for lab´ a – maglaba, labh´ an (mag-:-an) v. to wash clothes, to launder. Labhan mo ang mga damit. Wash the clothes. lab´ abo n. sink lab´ ag – lumabag (-um-) v. to violate. Lumabag siya sa batas. He violated the law. lab´ aha n. straight razor l´ aban prep. against. Laban sa kanya. Against him. lumaban (-um-) v. to fight against. Lumaban siya sa digmaan. He fought in the war. laband´ era/o n. laundrywoman, laundryman laban´ os n. radish labang´ an n. tub or trough for feeding pigs and horses lab´ as n. outside, exterior, out-ofdoors • lumabas (-um-) v. to go out, to exit, to act in a show, to come out. Lumabas siya sa eskuelahan. He came out of the school. maglabas, ilabas (mag-:i-) to take out something, to put out something, to withdraw (money). Ilabas mo ang plano. Bring out the plan. labat´iba n. enema

l´ abi’ l´ abi’ n. lip lab´ing prep. excess over the count of ten as labing-´ apat (fourteen) (from labi + -ng) labintad´ or n. firecracker l´ abis adj. surplus, excessive labn´ ot – manglabnot, labnut´in (mang-:-in) v. pull out forcibly, pluck, cut, unroot. Nilabnot ng babae ang buhok ng kaaway. The woman pulled out the hair of her enemy. l´ abo’ – malabo’ (ma-) adj. unclear, vague, hazy • lumabo’ (-um-) v. to become blurred. Lumabo ang kanyang paningin. His vision became blurred. lab´ og adj. overcooked lab´ ong n. bamboo shoots laborat´ oryo Sp n. laboratory lab´ uyo’ n. wild chicken, jungle fowl lab´ uyo’ n. chili pepper l´ akad n. a person’s destination when preparing to make a trip or when preparing to leave • lumakad (-um-) v. to walk, to leave on a trip, to set out for. Lumakad ka nang mabilis. Walk fast. maglak´ ad (mag-) to walk (not ride in a vehicle), to walk frequently. Maglakad na lang tayo. Let’s just walk. ilakad, lak´ arin (i-,-in) to peddle, to take care of. Ilakad mo ang pagtaas ng katungkulan ko sa kaniya. Have him take care of my promotion. makalakad (maka-) to be able to walk lak´ as – malakas (ma-) adj. strong, powerful, loud. Malakas siyang kumain. He is great at eating. Tumawa siya nang malakas. He laughed aloud. lakb´ ay – maglakbay, lakbay´in (mag-:-in) v. to travel, to take a trip. Maglakbay tayo sa buong mundo. Let’s travel around the world.

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lagk´it lak´i adj. big, large • n. size • n. high tide l´ akip – maglakip, ilakip (mag-:i-) v. to enclose. Maglakip ka ng abuloy mo sa sobre. Enclose your contribution in the envelope. l´ ako’ – maglako’, ilako’ (mag-:i-) v. to peddle (merchandise). Ilako mo ang tinda mo sa maraming tao. Peddle your wares where there are many people. laks´ a’ Sk n. ten thousand laks´ ante Sp adj. laxative [syn. purg´ a] lakt´ aw n. omission of step after making several consecutive ones • lumaktaw, laktaw´ an (-um-:-an) v. to skip or omit a few steps in a series supposed to be done consecutively. Linaktawan niya ang tatlong pahina. He skipped the three pages. ladl´ ad – iladlad (i-) v. to unfurl. Iladlad mo ang bandila. Unfurl the flag. l´ aga’ – maglaga’, ilaga’, lag´ ain (mag-:i-, -in) v. to boil food (fish, meat, vegetables). Maglaga ka ng manok. Boil some chicken. l´ agak – maglagak (mag-) v. to deposit. Maglagak ka ng pera sa bangko. Deposit money in the bank. lagal´ ag adj. wandering, roving lag´ anap adj. scattered, well-known lumaganap (-um-) v. to be scattered, to be well-known. Lumaganap ang balita sa Presidente. The news about the president became well-known. lag´ ari’ n. saw lag´ as adj. fallen off, wilted lag´ ay – lumagay (-um-) v. to put oneself in a certain condition. Lumagay ka sa aking lugar. Put yourself in my place. ilagay (i-) to put, to place (something), to lay down something. Ilagay mo ang ulam sa kalan. Put the main dish on the stove.

lagd´ a’ lagk´it – malagkit (ma-) adj. sticky lagd´ a’ n. signature lag´ihay – malagihay (ma-) adj. somewhat dry, semi-dry lag´im n. 1 gloom [syn. lumb´ ay, lungk´ ot] 2 dread, terror [syn. pangamb´ a, t´ akot] lagit´ik n. creak, creaking lagl´ ag – malaglag (ma-) v. to fall. Nalaglag ang manggang hinog. The ripe mango fell. lagm´ ak adj. helplessly prostrate lagn´ at n. fever lag´ o’ – malago’ (ma-) adj. luxuriant, bushy lag´ ok – laguk´in (-in) v. to gulp. Linagok niya ang tubig. He gulped down the water. lag´ ot – malagot (ma-) v. to snap. Nalagot ang lubid. The rope snapped. lagp´ ak – lumagpak (-um-) v. to fall. Lumagpak ang mangga. The mango fell. maglagpak, ilagpak (mag-:i-) to fail, to drop. Ilagpak mo siya sa klase mo. Fail him in your class. Maglagpak ka ng estudyanteng tamad. Fail lazy students. lag´ usan n. mountain l´ ahad – ilahad (i-) v. to present. Ilahad mo ang katotohanan. Present the truth. lah´ at pron. all • adj. all, everyone, everything l´ ahi’ n. race lah´ ok n. an ingredient • maglahok (mag-) v. to add to a mixture. Naglahok siya ng ampalaya sa kanyang luto. She added bittermelon to her cooking. lah´ ok n. entry in a contest • lumahok (-um-) v. to be a contestant. Gusto mo bang lumahok sa timpalak? Do you want to be a contestant in the contest. lal´ a’ – malala’ (ma-) adj. serious, grave (illness) lal´ aki n. man, male adj. male

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lamp´ as lalam´ unan n. throat lalaw´igan n. province l´ alim – malalim (ma-) adj. deep l´ alo’ adj. more, excessive, especially, very. Lalo na kung madilim ang gabi... Especially when the night is dark... lam´ an n. meat, contents l´ amang only. Isa lamang ang mansanas na natira. Only one apple is left. lam´ ang n. advantage over others • manglamang, lamang´ an (mang-:an) v. to take advantage of others. Linamangan na naman niya ako. He took advantage of me again. l´ amas – maglamas, lam´ asin (mag:-in) v. to mash or crush with hand, to make dirty. Huwag mong lamasin ang tinda ko. Don’t mash my goods for sale. manglamas, lam´ asin (mang-:-in) to mash or crush with hand, to make dirty. Nanglamas siya ng mga prutas. He squashed the fruits. l´ amat n. slight crack, especially of glass l´ amay n. funeral wake, vigil • maglamay, lam´ ayin (mag-:-in) v. to keep vigil, to stay awake all night. Lalamayin ko ang trabaho ko. I’ll stay up late with my work. lamb´ ak n. valley lamb´ at n. net lamb´ing – maglambing (mag-) v. to caress, to show fondness, affection, tenderness. Naglambing siya sa nanay niya. He showed affection for his mother. lamb´ ot – malambot (ma-) adj. soft, tender lam´ig – malamig (ma-) adj. cold, chilly, cool lam´ ok n. mosquito lam´ og adj. bruised, soften by overhandling lamp´ a Ch adj. awkward and unsteady, unsure of footing l´ ampara n. lamp

lamp´in lamp´ as adj. 1 excessive, too much [syn. l´ abis, masy´ ado, hig´it] 2 beyond limits, reaching beyond, penetrating beyond 3 ing ahead of lamp´in n. diaper lam´ ukot n. fleshy part of the fruit sticking to seeds lamy´ a’ n. cozy or caressive manner of talking l´ ana n. wool land´ as n. path, beaten path, trail [syn. da´ an] land´i’ adj. flirtatious [syn. kir´i, balihand´ a’, taland´i’, land´it] lans´ a – malansa (ma-) adj. stench or taste of fish, fishy taste lans´ ag adj. dismantled, broken into pieces (machinery or the like) lans´ angan n. street (in general sense) lans´ ones n. lanzones lant´ a adj. wilted, withered, faded (decayed) lant´ ad adj. in full view, exposed lant´ik n. graceful bend or curve (of eyelashes, hips, etc.) • malantik (ma-) adj. long, curved (eyelashes) lant´ od adj. women indelicately dressed, or prone to be so, loose l´ antsa Sp n. launch lang part. only, just, representing little value, shorten form of lamang l´ angaw n. fly, housefly langk´ a’ n. jackfruit [var. nangk´ a’ ] langg´ am n. ant lang´ib n. scab of wounds lang´is n. oil • malangis (ma-) adj. oily l´ angit n. sky, heavens langitng´it n. shrill, creaking sound (produced by rusty hinges or the rubbing of the bamboo stalks, floor boards, etc., against each other) lang´ o’ adj. tipsy, drunk [syn. las´ing] lang´ oy – lumangoy, languy´in (-um-:-in) v. to swim. Lumangoy siya sa ilog. He swam the river. la´ on adj. old, as grains and cereals

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lar´ o’ [syn. matand´ a’, ant´igo] l´ aon n. long time [syn. tag´ al ] la´ os adj. antiquated, outdated, obsolete l´ apa’ – paglapa’ (pag-) n. butchering, quartering (of animals) • lap´ ain (-in) v. to butcher, slaughter. Linapa niya ang baka. He butchered the cow. l´ apad n. width • malapad (ma-) adj. wide lap´ ag – maglapag, ilapag (mag-:i) v. to lay on floor or ground level. Ilapag mo ang palanggana. Put the basin on the floor (ground). lapast´ angan adj. irreverent, disrespectful, discourteous l´ apat adj. adjusted, fit • maglapat, ilapat (mag-:i-) v. to adjust, to fit. Ilapat mo ang pinto. Adjust the door. l´ apida Sp n. gravestone (with inscription) lapir´ ot adj. mussed, crumpled (by tips of fingers) l´ apis n. pencil lapis´ ak adj. crushed, broken as eggs, fruits, tomatoes or the like l´ apit – malapit (ma-) adj. near, close • lumapit (-um-) v. to approach or to go near. Lumapit ka sa akin. Come near me. maglap´it (mag-) to assume positions near to each other. Maglapit kayo. Stay close together. maglapit, ilapit (mag-:i-) to take something close to someone. Ilapit mo ang silya sa kaniya. Move the chair close to him. l´ apu-l´ apu n. spotted rock bass or species of fish lar´ awan n. picture, portrait [syn. litr´ ato] • ilarawan (i-) v. to describe (someone or something), to portray. Maari mo bang ilarawan ang mandurukot? Can you describe the pickpocket? lar´ o’ n. game •

l´ aruan maglaro’ (mag-) v. to play (a game). Maglaro kayo sa silong. Play in the basement. laru´in (-in) to play with. Laruin mo ang bata. Play with the child. l´ aruan n. playground laru´ an n. toy, plaything l´ asa n. taste • malasa (ma-) adj. spicy, tasty lumasa, las´ ahin (-um-:-in) v. to taste, to have taste of. Ikaw ang lumasa ng ulam. You taste the dish. las´ ap Sk n. fine taste, enjoyable taste • lumasap, lasap´in (-um-:-in) v. to relish the taste of the food, to enjoy (something). Lasapin mo ang simoy ng hangin. Inhale (with relish) the (fresh) air. las´ eta Sp n. pocket knife [var. lans´eta] las´ing adj. drunk, intoxicated l´ aso Sp n. ribbon l´ astiko Sp n. elastic rubber band l´ ata n. tin, can l´ atak n. residue, dregs, sediment (of liquids) l´ atag – maglatag, ilatag (mag-:i-) v. to spread out, to unfold and lay on the ground. Maglatag ka ng banig. Roll out the mat. l´ atay Ch n. swollen lash or whip marks on the skin, welt lat´ian n. swamp lat´ik n. scum of coconut milk l´ atiko n. whip l´ awa’ n. lake, pool, lagoon l´ awak n. area • malawak (ma-) adj. vast, very spacious l´ away n. saliva l´ awin n. hawk law´it – lumawit (-um-) v. to dangle, to hang down, to suspend. Lumawit ang dila ng aso. The dog’s tongue hung down. maglawit, ilawit (mag-:i-) to dangle, to hang down, to suspend, to dangle (something). Maglawit ka

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lib´ ang ng lubid. Dangle the rope. lawr´ el n. bay leaf l´ aya’ n. freedom • malaya’ (ma-) adj. free, emancipated, independent lay´ ag – maglayag (mag-) v. to sail away, to rove. Madalas siyang maglayag. He roves most of the time. l´ ayas – lumayas (-um-) v. to go away, to run away. Lumayas siya kahapon. He ran away yesterday. maglay´ as (mag-) to travel around in vagabondage or wanderlust. Mahilig siyang maglayas. He loves to wander. l´ ayaw n. freedom l´ ayo’ – malayo’ (ma-) adj. far distance • lumayo’ (-um-) v. to stay or keep away. Lumayo ang mga kaibigan niya sa kaniya. His friends kept away from him. maglay´ o, ilay´ o (mag-:i-) to separate, to put something away from the reach of someone. Ilayo mo ang baso sa bata. Put the glass out of the child’s reach. l´ ayon n. purpose, aim laybr´ aryan n. librarian lebad´ ura Sp n. yeast leksiy´ on Sp n. lesson le´ eg n. neck leg´ al adj. lawful l´ ente Sp n. lens, flashlight, flood lights lent´ ehas Sp n. lentils le´ on Sp n. lion [var. liy´ on] l´ etra Sp n. alphabetic character, letter lib´ ag n. dirt of the skin l´iban prep. except. Liban na lamang sa ilan. Except only for a few. • n. omission • adj. absent (non-attendance) lib´ ang – maglibang (mag-) v. to find some kind of recreation, to provide distraction, amusement, or entertainment. Maglibang ka at baka

Liber´ al ka maloko. Get some recreation or you might crack up. manglibang, libang´in (mang-:-in) to entertain, to provide distraction, amusement or entertainment. Libangin mo ang mga nag-aantay. Entertain those who are waiting. Liber´ al n. Liberal Party (a major political party in the Philippines) lib´ing n. burial, internment • maglibing, ilibing (mag-:i-) v. to inter, to bury. Inilibing nila ang patay. They buried the dead. lib´ingan n. cemetery lib´is n. slope, hillside, valley libl´ib n. hidden or infrequented place l´ibo num. a unit of thousand l´ibog – kalib´ ugan (ka-an) n. lust, lascivious l´ibot – lumibot (-um-) v. to go around, to wander. Lumibot siya sa paligid ng bahay. He went around the outside of the house. maglib´ ot (mag-) to go around, to wander. Maglibot ka sa bayan. Go around the town. l´ibre Sp adj. free, gratis, free of responsibility libr´ o n. book [syn. akl´ at] lik´ as adj. natural, native, inborn, innate likh´ a’ – lumikha’ (-um-) v. to create. Lumikha si Nena ng malaking gulo. Nena created great confusion. l´ikido adj. liquid lik´ o’ – lumiko’ (-um-) v. to turn, to curve, to bend. Lumiko ang kotse sa kanan. The car turned to the right. magliko’,iliko’ (mag-:i-) to turn something. Iliko mo ang kotse sa kaliwa. Turn the car to the left. lik´ od n. back • adj. back, rear, behind • adv. at the back, used with sa lik´ ot – malikot (ma-) adj. restless, fidgety, wriggly, mischievous liks´i – maliksi (ma-) adj. fast, active

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lih´is liksy´ on n. lesson l´ider n. leader lig´ alig n. trouble, perturbation, preoccupation, bother • adj. perturbed, bothered, disturbed l´igaw n. courtship • lumigaw (-um) v. to court, to woo. Lumigaw siya sa magandang dalaga. He courted a beautiful girl. manligaw, iligaw (mang-:i-) to court, to woo. Lagi siyang nanliligaw ng mga babae. He is always courting girls. lig´ aw – maligaw (ma-) v. to get lost, to stray. Naligaw siya sa lunsod. He got lost in the city. manligaw, iligaw (mang-:i-) to guide to the wrong way. Iniligaw ng tsuper ang pasahero. The driver took the engers the wrong way. lig´ aya – maligaya (ma-) adj. happy, merry lig´id adj. surrounded l´igo’ – paligo’ (pa-) n. bathing p´ aliguan (pa-an) n. bathroom, bathing place • maligo’ (ma-) v. to take a bath or shower, to bathe. Naligo siya sa ilog. He went for a dip in the river. ligp´it – ligpit´in (-in) v. to clear, to put away (something). Ligpitin mo ang mga laruan. Put away the toys. ligt´ a’ – makal´igtaan (maka-an) v. to omit or neglect inadvertently. Nakaligtaan niyang isusi ang bahay. He forgot to lock up the house. ligt´ as – magligtas, iligtas (mag-:i) v. to save, to free. Iligtas mo po siya. Please help him. l´iha’ n. division of an orange fruit, a slice l´iham n. letter [syn. s´ ulat] lih´i – maglihi, paglihih´ an (mag:pag-an) v. to show first signs of pregnancy. Naglihi siya sa mangga. She craved for mangoes (because she is conceiving). l´ihim n. secret lih´is – lumihis (-um-) v. to detour,

li´it to deviate from. Lumihis ang kotse sa putik. The car drove around the mud. maglihis, ilihis (mag-:i-) to deviate something from. Ilihis mo ang kotse sa mga bato. When driving the car avoid the rocks. li´it – maliit (ma-) adj. small, little l´ila adj. violet, lavender [syn. u ´be] l´ilim n. shade l´ilip n. hemming (stitched, as on cloth) lil´is – maglilis, ililis (mag-:i-) v. to pull up the skirt or tros, to roll up the sleeves. Naglilis siya ng damit dahil sa mataas ang tubig. She pulled up her skirt because of the high water. l´ilo adj. unfaithful, disloyal, traitorous [syn. taks´il, traid´ or ] lim´ a num. five limb´ ag – maglimbag, limbag´in, ilimbag (mag-:-in, i-) v. to print, to write in block letters. Linimbag nila ang bagong libro. They printed the new book. lim´ os n. alms • maglimos, limus´ an (mag-:an) v. to give alms. Limusan mo siya ng kaunting baryang nasa mesa. Give him the remaining change (alms) on the table. magpalimos (magpa-) v. to beg, to ask for alms. Nagpalimos ang pulubi. The beggar begged for alms. l´imot – lumimot, lim´ utin (-um:-in) v. to forget. Lumimot siya sa aming usapan. He forgot our agreement. kalim´ utan (ka-an) v. to forget. Huwag mong kalimutan ang bilin ko. Don’t forget my instruction. limpiyab´ ota n. bootblack, shoeshine boy limun´ ada Sp n. lemonade linamn´ am n. deliciousness, exquisiteness of taste or savor malinamnam (ma-) adj. delicious l´inaw – malinaw (ma-) adj. clear

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lisl´is lind´ ol n. earthquake, tremor • lumindol (-um-) v. to shake (as in an earthquake). Lumindol sa Pilipinas. There was an earthquake in the Philipines. l´inya Sp n. line [syn. g´ uhit] l´inis – malinis (ma-) adj. clean • maglinis, linis´in (mag-:-in) v. to clean. Linisin mo ang bahay. Clean the house. lint´ a’ n. leech lint´ik n. lightning l´inga’ n. sesame seeds lingk´ od – maglingkod, paglingkur´ an (mag-:pag-an) v. to serve, to give or offer service. Maglingkod ka sa mga nangangailangan. Help those who are in need. Lingg´ o n. 1 Sunday 2 week lingg´ o-lingg´ o adv. every week, weekly ling´id adj. hidden, not known, secret lip´ ad – lumipad, lipar´in (-um-:-in) v. to fly. Lumipad ang ibon sa isang puno. The bird flew to a tree. lip´ as adj. out of fashion, obsolete, faded • lum´ipas (-um-) v. to lapse, to come to . Lumipas ang mahabang panahon. A long time ed. l´ipat – lumipat (-um-) v. to transfer, to move to another place. Lumipat na siya ng bahay. He moved to a different house. maglipat, ilipat (mag-:i-) v. to transfer, to move to another place. Ilipat mo ang aking mga kasangkapan. Transfer my possessions. lipist´ik n. lipstick l´ipon n. crowd, gathering, meeting [syn. p´ ulong, m´iting, l´ upon] lip´ unan n. society in general (from l´ipon) l´iryo n. lily lis´ a’ n. nit, eggs of lice l´iso adj. plain, unadorned lisl´is adj. rolled up or blown up showing what is covered (usually

list´a skirts) [var. lil´is] list´ a – maglista, ilista (mag-:i-) v. to list down. Maglista ka ng iyong mga kailangan. Make a list of the things you need. l´isto Sp adj. clever, quick, prompt lit´ aw – lumitaw (-um-) v. to emerge, to become visible. Lumitaw ang kanyang mga tagihawat. His pimples came out. maglitaw, ilitaw (mag-:i-) to bring out. Ilitaw mo ang iyong tunay na pagkatao. Bring out your own true nature. (Be yourself.) l´itid n. ligament lit´ o – manglito, lituh´in (mang:-in) v. to confuse. Huwag mong lituhin ang bumibilang. Don’t confuse the one who is counting. litr´ ato n. picture, photograph [syn. lar´ awan] l´itro n/qnt. liter lits´iyas Ch n. cherimoyer, lychees lits´ on n. roast pig (usually a whole roasted pig) lits´ ugas Sp n. lettuce liw´ anag – maliwanag (ma-) adj. bright, clear, distinct liwayw´ ay n. dawn liy´ ab – magliyab, lumiyab (mag-, -um-) v. to blaze. Lumiyab ang kusina. The kitchen was ablaze with fire. Nagliyab ang panggatong. The firewood was ablaze. liy´ abe n. wrench liy´ ad adj. bent backward with stomach protruding liy´ empo n. a large cut or piece of meat l´ obo n. balloon lok´ al adj. local, not imported l´ oko/a adj. crazy, insane, mad (masculine/ feminine) • maloko (ma-) v. to become crazy, to crack up, to be madly inclined to do something. Maglibang ka at baka ka maloko. Have some fun or you may get crazy. l´ ola n. grandmother (term of address

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lugl´ og and reference) l´ olo n. grandfather (term of address and reference) l´ omo n. tenderloin longgan´isa Sp n. pork sausage lo´ ob n. interior, internal part, the inside of something • adv. used with sa, inside, within lo´ ok n. bay, gulf l´ oro n. parrot l´ oryat Ch n. sumptuous dinner with a great number of Chinese dishes lubh´ a’ – malubha’ (ma-) adj. serious, grave, very ill l´ ubid n. rope lub´ og adj. submerged • lumubog (-um-) v. to sink, to submerge. Lumubog ang bapor. The boat sank. maglubog, ilubog (mag-:i-) to sink, to submerge. Huwag mo siyang ilubog sa ilog. Don’t submerge him in the river. lub´ os adv. total, entire, completely, absolutely luk´ ot adj. wrinkled, creased luks´ a’ adj. in mourning, in black luks´ o – lumukso, luksuh´in (-um-:in) v. to jump, to hop. Luksuhin mo ang bakod. Jump over the fence. luku-luk´ o adj. crazy [var. l´ oko] l´ uga’ n. pus in ear lug´ ar n. place [var. lug´ al ] lug´ as adj. fallen off, as grains from the stable, hair l´ ugaw n. porridge, gruel, watery rice l´ ugay – nakalugay (naka-) adj. long hair hanging loosely or freely l´ ugi n. loss in a business transaction malugi (ma-) v. to lose in a business deal. Nalugi ang negosyo niya. His business is in the red. lug´ihin (-in) v. to cause someone to lose in a business deal. Huwag mo akong lugihin sa aking paninda. Don’t let me lose in my sales. lugl´ og Ch n. a kind of noodle which is dipped in boiling stock • iluglog (i-) v. to rinse clothes by

lugm´ ok shaking in the water [syn. banl´ aw ]. Iluglog mo ang damit sa mainit na tubig. Rinse the clothes in hot water. lugm´ ok adj. helplessly prostrate lug´ o adj. extremely weak due to sickness (fowls and birds) l´ uha’ n. tears • magpaluha’, paluha´in (mag-:pain) v. to make someone cry or weep or burst into tears. Tigilan mo na ang magpaluha ng babae. Stop making the girls cry. l´ ula’ – pagkal´ ula’ (pagka-) n. vertigo, seasickness [syn. h´ilo, liy´ o] • mal´ ula’ (ma-) v. to be dizzy due to seasickness or airsickness. Nalula siya sa bapor. He got seasick in the boat. l´ ulan – lumulan (-um-) v. to load, to ride. Lumulan siya sa tren. He rode a train. maglulan, ilulan (mag-:i-) to load, to ride. Maglulan ka ng mga gulay sa trak. You load the vegetables on the truck. lul´ od n. shin lul´ on – lumulon, lulun´in (-um-:in) v. to swallow. Lumulon siya ng buto ng santol. He swallowed the seed of the santol. malulon (ma-) v. to swallow (accidentally). Nalulon ng bata ang imperdible. The child swallowed a safety pin. maglulon, lulunin, ilulon (mag-:in, i-) v. to roll up as paper money, mat or the like. Ilulon mo ang banig. Roll up the mat. l´ uma’ adj. old, not new, antiquated (used for objects) lumb´ ay n. sadness, downcast feeling, loneliness [syn. lungk´ ot] lumpiy´ a’ Ch n. meat, shrimps and/or vegetables packed in rice starch wrapper l´ umot n. moss lump´ o adj. crippled, partially or completely paralyzed l´ unas n. remedy, cure

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l´ usob lund´ ag – lumundag, lundag´in (-um-:-in) v. to leap, to jump. Lumundag si Kardo sa bintana. Kardo jumped out of the window. L´ unes n. Monday lun´ ok – lumunok (-um-) v. to swallow. Lumunok siya bago magsalita. She swallowed before she spoke. lunuk´in (-in) v. to swallow. Lunukin mo ang gamot. Swallow the medicine. l´ unod – lun´ urin (-in) v. to overcome, to drown (someone or something). Lunurin mo sa alak ang iyong sama ng loob. Drown your hurt feelings in drink. malunod (ma-) v. to drown. Nalunod si Josefa. Josefa drowned. lun´ ot adj. softened, overripe, referring to fruits luns´ ad – luns´ aran (-an) n. pier, unloading port luns´ od n. city lungk´ ot adj. sad, unhappy • malungkot (ma-) v. to become sad lungg´ a’ n. hole for rats l´ upa’ n. earth soil, land, earth, ground, ground floor, downstairs lup´ alop n. any far away place lupayp´ ay adj. with the wings or limbs weakened and drooping lup´i’ n. fold, folding [syn. tup´i’, tikl´ op] • nakalupi’ (naka-) adj. folded lup´ig adj. vanquished, subjugated, conquered lup´it – malupit (ma-) adj. cruel l´ upon n. committee, commission lur´ a’ n. sputum • lumura’, ilura’ (-um-:i-) v. to spit. Lumura siya sa tabi ng daan. He spat on the side of the road. manlura’ (mang-) v. to spit. Nanlura siya sa mga nagdaraan. He spat on the ers-by. lur´ ay adj. mangled, destroyed lusl´ os n. (Med) hernia, rupture • adj. fallen, hanging down l´ usob – lumusob (-um-) v. to

l´ usog attack, to assault. Lumusob ang mga masasamang loob sa bayan. The bandits attacked the town. manlusob, lusub´in (mang-:-in) v. to attack, to assault. Linusob nila ang mga kaaway. They assaulted their enemies. l´ usog – malusog (ma-) adj. healthy lus´ ong n. mortar (for pounding rice) lus´ ot – lumusot (-um-) v. to through, to penetrate, to overtake. Lumusot ang paa niya sa butas. His foot ed through the opening. maglusot, ilusot (mag-:i-) to smuggle. Inilusot nila ang mga kontrabando. They smuggled the contraband goods through. l´ utang n. buoy • lut´ ang adj. floating, adrift lumutang (-um-) v. to rise above the surface (of liquids). Lumutang ang bangkay sa ilog. The corpse floated in the river. lut´ as adj. 1 finished, terminated [syn. tap´ os, y´ ari’, gan´ ap] 2 solved lut´ o’ adj. cooked magluto, lutuin, iluto (mag-:-in, i-) to cook. Magluto ka ng adobo. Cook adobo. lut´ ong – malutong (ma-) adj. crisp, brittle luw´ a’ adj. bulging, sticking or protruding out • lumuwa’ (-um-) v. to bulge, to stick out, to protrude. Lumuwa ang mata ni Toni sa inggit. Toni’s eyes bulged out with envy. magluwa’, iluwa’ (mag-:i-) v. to belch out, to spit out. Iluwa mo ang buto ng kinakain mo. Spit out the seeds of what you’re eating. luw´ ag adj. loose luw´ al – magluwal, iluwal (mag-:i-) v. to give birth. Nagluwal si Teria ng kambal. Terry gave birth to twins. luwalh´ ati’ n. glory luw´ ang (ma-) maluwang adj. loose luw´ as – lumuwas (-um-) v. to go

madr´ina

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from town to city. Lumuwas siya sa Maynila. She went to Manila (from the province). magluwas, iluwas (mag-:i-) v. to take to the city. Iniluwas niya ang kanyang panauhin sa Maynila. He brought his visitor to Manila. luw´ at – maluwat (ma-) adj. long (in time), slow. Maluwat matutuhan. Takes a long time to learn. Natutulog ako ng maluwat. I sleep long (hours). • adv. for a long time l´ uya n. ginger luyl´ oy adj. hanging loosely

M ma- indicates the possessor of a quality, ma- derivatives occasionally occur with absolute instead of conjugative complements maa´ ari’ pv. to make something possible, may, possibly, can. Maaari kang magtagumpay. You can become successful. mab´ olo n. velvet apple maka- a verb prefix meaning ability, permission or opportunity to act, an adjective prefix meaning ”for” or ”in favor of”. maka-Rizal. For Rizal. makahiy´ a’ n. Mimosa pudica makapag- pref. a verb prefix meaning to have the chance or opportunity to do makapun´ o’ n. freak coconut full of soft meat maki- an actor-focus verb prefix which indicates a request, its goal-focus counterpart is paki m´ akina n. sewing machine, machine makin´ arya Sp n. machinery makin´ilya n. typewriter mak´ita v. to happen to see mak´ opa n. mountain apple madaling-´ araw n. dawn, sunrise madl´ a’ n. the public, all the people m´ adre n. nun madr´ina Sp n. female sponsor at

mady´ong baptism, confirmation, wedding, or special celebration [syn. n´inang] mady´ ong Ch n. the game of mahjong ma´ estro/a n. teacher (masculine/ feminine) mag´ a’ adj. swollen • v. to become swollen m´ agasin n. magazine magk´ ano int. question word that means ”how much” magkas´ing adv. of equal quality, as...as, same as mag´ing v. 1 to be, to become 2 transient (active) particle word or phrase modified is something coming into being, arising at the time specified by the tense-form of the particle. Siya ay naging hukom. He became a judge. Naging bantog siya sa buong bayan. He became famous throughout the whole town. magn´ eto n. magnet magsasak´ a n. farmer mag´ ulang n. parents (term of reference) mah´ al adj. dear, loved, costly, noble, well-esteemed, expensive • magmaghal, mahal´in (mag-:-in) v. to hold dear, to love. Mahalin mo ang iyong mga magulang. Love your parents. ma´is n. corn malagk´it n. glutinous rice, a species of rice which is sticky when cooked • adj. sticky mal´ aman v. to know m´ alas Sp n. bad luck [syn. wal´ ang suw´erte, buw´isit] • mal´ asin (-in) v. to suffer bad luck. Minalas siya sa sabungan kahapon. He had bad luck at the cockpit yesterday. malas´ akit n. solicitude, protective concern malas´ ado Sp adj. half-cooked, cooked rare (or medium rare), soft-boiled (eggs) mal´ at n. hoarseness [syn. pa´ os]

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manibal´ ang m´ alay n. knowledge, conciousness, awareness mal´ eta n. luggage mal´i’ – kamalian (ka-an) n. a blunder, a mistake, error adj. wrong malungg´ ay n. horseradish tree m´ ama’ n. mister mamay´ a’ adv. after a while, soon, later on, as in mamayang gabi, later this evening m´ amamayan n. citizen mam´ on Sp n. a kind of sponge cupcake man pron. with the interrogative pronouns sino, kanino, ano, alin, kailan, saan, etc. : ever, as, sino man whoever; sa kanino man, whomever; ano man, whatever; alin man, whichever; kailan man, whenever; saan man, wherever; magkano man, whatever the cost (price); paano man whatever the manner, etc • adv. 1 also, too. Ako man. I, too. 2 with lamang denotes minimum act or the least to do. Magluto ka man lamang sana. The least you could do is cook. • conj. although, despite. Matalino ka man ay dapat ka ring mag-aral. Although you are intelligent (you) need to study. m´ ana n. heritage, inheritance • magmana, man´ ahin (mag-:-in) v. to inherit, to receive as inheritance, to take after. Nagmana si Crisanta sa kanyang ama. Crisanta inherited her feature from her father. manan´ ayaw n. dancer man´ as n. beriberi manat´ili’ v. to stay, be permanent mandal´ a’ n. haystack, stack of palay m´ ando Sp n. command [syn. u ´tos] man´ eho – magmaneho, maneh´ uin (mag-:-in) v. to drive (a car), to manage. Magmaneho ka ng kotse. Drive a car. manh´id n. cramp, numbness • adj. numb man´i’ n. peanut

man´ika’ manibal´ ang adj. almost ripe, nearly ripe man´ika’ n. doll manikur´ista n. manicurist m´ anidyer n. manager, employer, boss manlal´ apa’ n. butcher m´ ano – magmano (mag-) v. to kiss an elder’s hand in respect or greeting. Magmano ka sa iyong lola. Kiss the hand of your grandmother. man´ ok n. chicken mans´ anas n. apple mansan´ilya n. chrysanthemum mant´ el n. table cloth mant´ika’ n. shortening, lard mantik´ ado adj. buttered mantik´ilya n. butter mants´ a n. stain man´ ugang n. daughter-in-law or son-in-law (term of reference) m´ anunulat n. writer mang adj. a title of respect used with the first name of a man, contracted form of mama’, mister. Mamang Pedro becomes Mang Pedro m´ angangalakal n. businessman m´ anganganta n. singer mangang´ atay n. butcher mangk´ ok n. bowl mangg´ a n. mango manggag´ amot n. doctor manggag´ awa’ n. laborer mangg´ as n. sleeve manggust´in n. mangosteen manghuh´ ula’ n. fortune-teller mangingisd´ a’ n. fisherman mangm´ ang adj. illiterate, ignorant, stupid mangung´ ulot n. hairdresser, beautifician mangy´ ari conj. because • v. to happen ma´ ong n. denim map n. mop m´ apa n. map mar´ ahil adv. perhaps mar´ alita’ adj. poor, indigent (from

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m´ aya-m´aya d´ alita’) [syn. dukh´ a’ ] mar´ ami adj. much, many, lots of, plentiful mark´ a – magmarka (mag-) v. to mark, to stamp. Nagmarka ang sampal niya. His slap left a mark. margar´in n. margarine margar´ita n. zinnia (a kind of flower) mar´ino n. serviceman in the navy or the marines marip´ osa Sp n. butterfly [syn. parupar´ o] marm´ ol n. marble M´ arso n. March Mart´ es n. Tuesday mart´ilyo n. hammer mart´ir Sp n. martyr m´ artsa Sp n. march • magmartsa (mag-) v. to march. Nagmartsa siya sa parada. He marched in the parade. mas adv. more, as in mas maganda, more beautiful m´ asa Sp n. dough mas´ ahe n. massage • magmasahe, masah´iin (mag-:-in) v. to give a massage mas´ etas Sp n. potted plants, plants in vases maset´ era Sp n. flower pot, flower vase mask´ ada Sp n. nutmeg mas´id – magmasid, masd´ an (mag-:-an) v. to observe closely, to look at searchingly. Magmasid ka ng mga paligid mo. Observe your surroundings. m´ aso n. mallet, large hammer masust´ ansiya adj. nutritious masy´ ado adv. very, exceedingly mat´ a n. eye matad´ ero Sp n. slaughterhouse matad´ or Sp n. bullfighter mata-p´ obre adj. snobbish mats´ing n. monkey [syn. ungg´ oy] may part. to have, there is (are), to possess m´ aya n. sparrow

mayb´ahay m´ aya-m´ aya n. malabar red snapper mayb´ ahay n. wife (term reference) M´ ayo n. May mayon´ esa n. mayonnaise mayro´ on part. there is, there exist, to have (something), to possess mek´ aniko n. mechanic med´ alya Sp n. medal med´ida n. tape measure medis´ina Sp n. medicine m´ edya ´ agwa n. awning m´ edyas n. socks, stockings m´ edyo adv. somewhat, slightly, soso mel´ on Sp n. melon, cantaloupe m´ enos adj. less, of less degree or value, lacking, minus mensah´ ero Sp n. messenger meri´ enda n. snack • magmerienda (mag-) v. to have snacks, to take a snack m´ esa n. table mest´isa adj. person of mixed blood usually of Spanish-Filipino mixture m´ etro n. meter, unit of length of the metric system m´ eyor n. mayor of a city or town mga part. (pronoun mang´ a) particle that pluralizes count nouns. Mga guro Teachers m´iki Ch n. noodle made from saline wheat dough mikr´ obyo Sp n. microbe, germ, bacterium mikr´ opono Sp n. microphone [syn. mayk (from ”mike” English slang)] mikrosk´ opyo Sp n. microscope Mi´ erkoles n. Wednesday [var. Miy´erkoles] mil´ agro Sp n. miracle [syn. himal´ a’ ] m´ilya Sp n. mile mily´ on Sp n. million [syn. ´ angaw ] milyon´ aryo n. millionaire miner´ al n. mineral minind´ al n. snack min´istro n. minister m´insan adv. once, once in a while m´isa n. mass • magmisa (mag-) v. to say mass.

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m´ ulat Nagmisa ang pare sa patay. The priest said mass for the dead. m´ismo pron. self. Siya mismo. He, himself. mistery´ oso/a adj (masculine/ feminine). mysterious m´iswa n. fine wheat noodle misyon´ aryo n. missionary m´iting n. a meeting • magmiting (mag-) v. to have a meeting. Nagmiting ang kandidato sa plasa. The candidate had a meeting at the plaza. Miy´ erkoles n. Wednesday mo pron. you, your, second person singular personal pronoun which is a member of the ng set of pronouns m´ oda Sp n. fashion, style [syn. ist´ilo] mod´ elo Sp n. model mod´ erno/a adj (masculine/ feminine). modern mod´ista n. modiste, dressmaker, seamstress, dress shop m´ odo Sp n. manners, civility [syn. asal, ug´ ´ ali’ ] mol´ abe n. molave tree m´ ongha n. nun mork´ on Sp n. a kind of meat dish, a meat roll stuffed with olives, pickles, sausage, hard boiled eggs mor´ ena/o Sp adj. brown color, brown-skin (feminine/ masculine) [syn. kayumangg´i’, kulay-kap´e, kast´ anyo] m´ oro/a Sp n. moor, Mohammedan, Moslem (masculine/ feminine) [syn. Musl´im] mort´ al Sp adj. having the quality of dying or ending, fatal motors´iklo n. motorcycle mukh´ a’ n. face • adv. seemingly, looks like, appears like [var. muk´ a’ ] mukm´ ok – magmukmok (mag-) v. to sulk. Huwag kang magmukmok sa sulok. Don’t sulk in the corner. mul´ a’ conj. ever since, since • prep. from, derived from simul´ a’, starting with or starting from

mul´i’ m´ ulat – magmulat, imulat (mag:i-) v. to open one’s eyes, to educate, to nurture. Imulat mo ang iyong mga mata. Open your eyes. mul´i’ adv. again, once more, once again mult´ a n. fine, penalty • magmulta, imulta (mag-:i-) v. to pay a fine. Nagmulta siya nang malaki. He paid a heavy fine. mult´ o n. ghost m´ umo’ n. particles of cooked rice falling off the dish during the meal m´ umog – magmumog, mum´ ugin, imumog (mag-:-in, i-) v. to gargle. Magmumog ka ng mainit na tubig. Gargle hot water. m´ una adv. just a minute, before anything else, for a while, first, before-hand. Mag-awitan muna tayo bago... Let’s sing a song first (before)... mund´ o n. world munis´ipyo n. municipal building, townhall munt´i’ adj. small, little, diminutive mungk´ ahi’ – magmungkahi’, imungkahi’ (mag-:-i-) v. to suggest. Imungkahi mo na ang napagkayarian natin. Suggest what we have agreed upon. mungg´ o n. mongo beans m´ ura n. curse, scolding approach • magmur´ a, mur´ ahin (mag-:-in) v. to scold, to curse. Minura niya ang kaniyang mga katulong. He scolded his helpers (servants). m´ ura’ adj. immature, unripe m´ ura adj. cheap, inexpensive m´ usa Sp n. muse [syn. paral´ uman, diwat´ a’, lakamb´ini, r´eyna] muskit´ ero Sp n. mosquito net [syn. kulamb´ o’ ] m´ usiko n. musician musm´ os n. innocent, as a child, immature, as of mind must´ asa n. mustard m´ uta’ n. gummy secretion in the eyes

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n´ ais muw´ ebles Sp n. furniture

N na adv. 1 now, already. Ako na. It’s my turn to do it now or I’ll do it instead of someone else. 2 after nouns or pronouns: acts as an emphatic marker. Bukas na. Let it be tomorrow. Si Maria na. Let it be Maria’s turn. 3 after verbs: if in the past tense form, denotes completion of action expressible in the past or present perfect in English. Nagsipilyo na siya. He has already brushed (his teeth). 4 if in the infinitive form or future form, denotes now, right away, immediately, soon. Magsipilyo ka na. Brush (your teeth) now. Papasok na ako. I’m going to school now. 5 If after the verb roots, denotes completed action. Bukas na. It’s already open. Tapos na. It’s already finished. na lig. connects modifier and word modified, takes the form -ng when the word it follows ends in a vowel sound. Mabait na bata or Batang mabait. Good child. na part. with sa/kay, marks nouns indicating position, location, possession of something; -ng when the word it follows ends in a vowel sound naka- af. an adjective prefix meaning state, position, or appearance n´ akaw – magnakaw (mag-:-in) v. to steal, to pilfer. Nagnakaw siya ng maraming salapi. He stole a lot of money. nak´ u! intj. oh, my!, an interjection derived from Nanay ko or Ina ko, my mother! n´ agwas n. half-slip [var. hap slip] n´ ais – na´isin (-in) v. to desire, to wish [syn. gust´ o ]. Na´isin man niyang sumama ay puno na ang sasakyan. Even though he wanted to come along, the vehicle was already

nam´ an full. nam´ an part. response marker, also, too, rather, again, on the other hand usually emphasizing the fact or the feeling involved in the expression; expresses transition to another subject hence also mild contrast. Habang si Juana ay nagluluto si Juan naman ay naglilinis ng bahay. While Juana is cooking, Juan cleans the house. Ano ka ba namang tao? What sort of person are you, anyway? • adv. also, too • intj. expression of gentle protest or denial n´ amin pron. we, our (exclusive, not including the person spoken to) n´ ana’ n. pus n´ anay n. mother (term of address and reference) [syn. in´ ay] n´ andito adv. it is here, here [var. n´ arito] n´ andiyan adv. it is there, there [var. n´ ariyan] n´ andoon adv. it is over there, over there, over in that place [var. n´ aroon] nang conj. 1 when (past reference). Nag-aaral kami nang dumating siya. We were studying when he arrived. 2 so that (in order that), usually with at. Mag-aral ka at nang makapasa ka. You study so that you will (your courses). • adv. 1 when, in order to, particle added to an adjective to make an adverb of it. Tumakbo siya nang matulin. He ran swiftly. 2 used between repeated verbs to indicate intensity or continuity of the action. Tumakbo siya nang tumakbo. He kept on running. -n´ aog – manaog (ma-) v. to go down, to descend n´ apaka- af. an adjective prefix means ”very” n´ ara n. narra narangh´ita n. native orange [var. dalangh´ita, daland´ an] n´ arito adv. it’s here (fr. na + dito) [var. n´ andito] n´ ariyan adv. it’s there (fr. na +

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niny´ o diyan) [var. n´ andiyan] n´ aroon adv. it’s there, yonder (fr. na + doon) [var. n´ andoon] n´ ars n. nurse n´ arses – pagnarses (pag-) n. nursing (as a career or profession) n´ asa part. particle marking nouns indicating position or location of something n´ asa’ n. wish, want, desire [syn. n´ ais] n´ asaan int. where Nasyonal´ista n. Nacionalista Party (the political rival of the Liberal Party) n´ atin pron. our (inclusive) Negr´ito Sp n. dwarf Negro of the Philippine mountains [syn. ´ita, a ´yta, agta, bal´ ´ uga’ ] Negro Sp n. Negro man • adj. black [syn. it´im, mait´im] n´ ene’ n. appellation for a small girl n´ erbiyos n. nerves ni part. singular non-focus marker of proper nouns or names • mkr. a proper noun (name) marker, used before the actor of goal-focused sentences. Binili ni Luisa ang damit. The dress was bought by Luisa. • part. possessive marker. Iyan ang bahay ni Luisa. That is Luisa’s house. nikel´ ado Sp adj. nickel-plated nil´ a pron. 1 they, their, third person plural number, non-focused pronoun 2 shows possession. Bahay nila. Their house. 3 acts as non-focused sentences. Kinuha nila ang libro. They got the book. n´impa Sp n. nymph nin´ a mkr. plural form of ni, the proper noun (name) marker n´inang n. godmother (term of address and reference) n´ino pron. whose, post positive form of kan´ino. Kaninong bahay – bahay nino. Whose house. n´inong n. godfather (term of address and reference)

n´ingas niny´ o pron. you, your (plural), used in the singular sense, it indicates a formal or polite form n´ingas n. flame [var. d´ingas] ningn´ing – maningning (ma-) adj. shining, brilliant n´ipa n. cabo-negro (palm) nip´is – manipis (ma-) adj. thin nir´i dem. of this [var. nit´ o] nisn´is adj. unravelled nit´ o dem. of this ganito (ga-) like this, (ganit´ o) in this manner of way [var. nir´e, ganir´e ] niy´ a pron. he, she, his, her, hers niy´ an dem. of that • ganiyan (ga-) dem. like that, in that manner of way (ganiyan) [var. gany´ an] niy´ og Mal n. coconut palm tree and fruit niy´ on dem. that over there, yonder, its [var. no´ on] nob´ ela n. novel Noby´ embre n. November n´ obyo/a n. fiance, sweetheart, betrothed (masculine/ feminine) no´ o n. forehead, brow no´ od – manood (ma-) v. to watch, to view. Nanood kami ng sine kagabi. We watched a movie last night. no´ on dem. of that, yonder ganoon (ga-) like that yonder, in that manner or way no´ on adv. then, at that time norm´ al adj. normal n´ umero Sp n. number nun´ al n. mole (skin) n´ uno’ n. grandparents (term of reference) [var. nin´ uno’ ] n´ unsiyo n. papal nuncio nuw´ ebe Sp num. nine

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ngay´ on

Ng ng mkr. non-focus marking particle of actor or goal complements or noun phrases. Kinain ng bata ang kendi. The child ate the candy. • part. possessive marker, common noun marker which marks a possessive construction. Direktor ng sine. Director of the movie -ng lig. variant of na ng´ a’ adv. affirmative adverb ”indeed”. Siya nga ang duwag. He is indeed the coward. nga’ part. emphatic particle, expressing confirmation, truly, really, certainly, request particle meaning ”please”, so, therefore, really. Oo, nga. Yes, indeed. Ikaw nga ang maysabi. You, yourself said so. Ituro nga ninyo (polite request). Please show me the way... ng´ alan n. name (from pang´ alan) ngalangal´ a n. palate ng´ anga’ n. a mixture of buyo for chewing • ngumanga’, ngang´ ain (-um-:-in) v. to chew buyo. Ngumanganga ba ang lola mo? Does your grandmother chew beetle nut? ngang´ a – ngumanga (-um-) v. to open one’s mouth. Ngumanga si Cres para sa dentista. Cres opened her mouth for the dentist. ngatng´ at – ngumatngat, ngatngat´in (-um-:-in) v. to nibble, to gnaw. Nginatngat ng daga ang mga damit. The rat chewed on the dresses. ng´ awit n. numbness • adj. tired, exhausted, numb • mangawit (mang-) v. to become numb from exhaustion. Nangawit siya sa kasusulat. His hand felt tired and cramped from writing. ngay´ on adv. now, just now, today. Siya ay nasa Maynila ngayon. He is in Manila today. ngayong araw... on

ng´iki

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this very day... ng´iki n. chills, malaria • mang´iki, ngik´iin (mang-:-in) v. to chill, to have the chills. Nginiki si Cristina sa lamig. Cristina chilled from the cold. ngil´ o – mangilo (mang-) v. to have tooth-edge pain. Nangilo ang aking ngipin. My teeth felt an edge-like pain. ng´ipin n. tooth ngit´i’ n. smile • ngumiti’ (-um-) v. to smile. Ngumiti siya nang palihim. He smiled surreptitiously. ngiw´i’ adj. distorted, twisted, crooked (face) ngiy´ aw n. cry of cat or kitten ng´ ongo’ adj. speaking with a nasal twang, nasal defect ng´ uni’t conj. but [syn. datapw´ a’t, p´ero]. Nguni’t sumagot siya kaagad. But he answered at once. ng´ uso’ n. upper lip nguy´ a’ – ngumuya’, nguya´in (-um-:-in) v. to chew, to masticate. Ngumuya siya ng babol gam. He chewed bubble gum.

O o conj. alternate marker, or. Matanda ba siya o bata? Is he old or young? • part. used either as a sentence opener or closer which means ”now, see, please, ok” ob´ispo n. bishop oblig´ ado adj. obliged, forced okra n. okra ´ Okt´ ubre n. October okup´ ado Sp adj. occupied, busy [var. ukup´ ado] odit´ oryum n. auditorium oh´ ales Sp n. buttonhole [var. uh´ ales] onse num. eleven ´ oo n. yes, affirmative response ´ oper´ a – mag-opera, operah´ an (mag-:-an) v. to operate on (some-

pa one, something). Inoperahan ang pasyente. The patient was operated on. operasy´ on Sp n. surgical operation, state of being operative opis´ina n. office opo’ part. yes (polite form); just like ´ po’ and ho’, the more colloquial or a little less formal form of opo’ (although certainly not a less respectful form) is ´ oho’ oportunid´ ad Sp n. opportunity optiko Sp n. optician ´ opyo Sp n. opium ´ oras n. hour, time ´ oras´ an n. clock orasy´ on n. angelus orbita n. orbit ´ ork´ estra Sp n. orchestra orkid n. orchid ´ order n. an order, a serving (of food) ´ [var. ´ orden] ordin´ aryo adj. ordinary, usual, common or´ egano Sp n. aromatic green herb cultivated for spice and medicine orends adj. orange (color) ´ organd´i Sp n. organdy (kind of cloth) organisasy´ on Sp n. organization organ´ismo n. organism organo Sp n. pipe organ ´ o, siya an expression meaning ”okay, all right, well, etc” oso Sp n. bear ´ ospit´ al n. hospital [syn. pagam´ utan] ot´ el n. hotel otmil n. oatmeal ´ otso Sp num. eight ´

P pa af. affix for verbs meaning ”to cause, get or allow someone to do what the root word indicate” pa adv. more, yet, still (expresses the immaturity or continuance of a situation and stands in contrast with

pa´ a na). Mabuti pa. Better yet. Basa pa ang damit. The clothes are still wet. pa´ a n. foot paag´ usan n. drain pa´ alam intj. farewell (from al´ am) • magpaalam (mag-) v. to bid goodbye. Magpaalam ka sa iyong ina. Say goodbye to your mother. pa´ ano int. how p´ aaralan n. school (from ´ aral) [syn. eskuwelah´ an] pabags´ ak n. bribery, tip (from bags´ ak) • adv. suddenly dropping something resoundingly pabal´ at n. cover pabang´ o n. perfume, lotion, cologne pab´ aon n. provision (of money, food or supplies) allowed or given to someone making a trip pabig´ at n. weights pabay´ a’ adj. careless, negligent p´ abo n. turkey pab´ or Sp n. favor pabor´ito/a adj. favorite (masculine/ feminine) p´ abrika Sp n. factory p´ abula Sp n. fable pak´ ete n. package, parcel pak´i- af. a verbal prefix which indicates a request. Paki-abot. Please hand over. Please get. pak´iling n. leaves used for scrubbing wooden floors and walls pakimk´im n. a sum of money given by a sponsor in baptism, confirmation or wedding, to the person being sponsored (from kimk´im) pakin´ abang n. profit, benefit, Holy Communion pakipk´ip n. gift given by a ninong or ninang, specially in baptisms and confirmations (from kipk´ip) p´ ako’ n. nail pak´ o’ n. fern pakp´ ak n. wing paks´ a’ n. topic, subject matter paktoriy´ a Sp n. baggage-master’s office (railway), factory pakul´ utan n. beauty parlor

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pag´ ong pakund´ angan n. reverence, respect (specially for age, holy things, traditions, honor, and the like) pakw´ an n. watermelon paky´ aw Ch n. wholesale buying • mam´ akyaw, pakyaw´in (mang:-in) v. to buy by wholesale, to buy something by wholesale. Mamamakyaw siya sa Divisoria. He’s going to buy by wholesale at Divisoria (market).. Pakyawin mong lahat ang tinda niya. Buy all his goods. pad n. ruled paper pad´ er n. wall, brick or stone wall padp´ ad – mapadpad (ma-) v. to be shipwrecked, to be driven or carried (by a storm or tide). Napadpad ng bagyo ang bangka sa Mariveles. The boat was driven by the storm to Mariveles. p´ adre n. a borrowing from Spanish which means ”father”, used as an appellation for a priest padr´ino Sp n. male sponsor [syn. n´inong (colloq.)] pady´ ak – pumadyak (-um-) v. to stamp the feet. Pumadyak siya sa inis. He stamped his feet in irritation. pady´ ama n. pajamas pag conj. particle which means ”on, if, when”. Pag ako ay pagod... When I get tired... pag-a´ ari’ n. property (from ´ ari’) pagbab´ ago n. change ( from b´ ago) pagk´ ain n. food pagkara´ an adv. after, after ing pagkat´ ao n. upbringing pagkat´ apos adv. afterwards pagk´it n. paste pagd´ aka conj. immediately, quickly [var. pagkar´ aka]. Pagdak´ ay tinanganan niya ang... He quickly seized the... p´ agod n. tiredness, exhaustion • pag´ od adj. tired, exhausted mapagod (ma-) v. to become tired. Dahan-dahan at baka ka mapagod. Go slowly or you might get tired.

pagsas´anay pag´ ong n. turtle pagsas´ anay n. practice p´ aha n. girdle or corset p´ ahayagan n. newspaper p´ ahid – magpahid, ipahid, pah´iran (mag-:i-:-an) v. to wipe off, to apply on. Ipahid mo ang panyo sa mukha mo. Wipe your face with the handkerchief. p´ ahina Sp n. page pahing´ a – magpahinga (mag-) v. to rest, to take a break. Magpahinga ka muna. You rest first. pahint´ ulot n. permission p´ ain n. bait painit´ an n. fireplace pa´it – mapait (ma-) adj. bitter p´ ala n. shovel, spade pal´ a part. so, as in Ikaw pala, meaning, it is you; an exclamation of surprise pal´ a part. when used after hindi, expresses contrast with one’s expectation, a reversal. Ang isip ko’y balat lamang ng itlog ito, hindi pala, kundi itlog na buo. I thought this was only an eggshell, but no, it was a whole egg. palab´ a – magpalaba (mag-) v. to have clothes washed, to have someone wash one’s clothes. Nagpalaba siya ng damit sa labandera. She had the clothes washed by the laundry woman. palab´ as n. show, film palak´ a’ n. frog, toad pal´ akad n. policy, current practice palak´ ol n. axe, hatchet palakp´ ak n. applause, sound of applause • pumalakpak (-um-) v. to applaud magpalakpak, palakpak´ an (mag:-an) v. to applaud together simultaneously. Palakpakan natin ang mga kandidata. Let’s applaud the candidates. p´ alad n. palm of the hand pal´ ag n. wiggling, squirming, jerking of feet

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p´ alo’ palag´ ay n. opinion, idea pal´ agi’ adv. always, often [var. l´ agi’ ] palaisd´ aan n. fish pond pal´ alo’ adj. proud, boastful, highhat, snobbish palangg´ ana n. basin palants´ ahan n. ironing-board palap´ ag n. floor or story of a building palar´ a’ n. tinsel, foil palar´ o’ n. the games planned for an occasion palaru´ an n. playground palas´ o’ n. arrow palasp´ as n. fancily woven palm leaves blessed on Palm Sunday pal´ asyo n. palace p´ alay n. unhusked rice, rice plant pal´ ayaw n. nickname palay´ ok n. pot (earthen) p´ alda n. skirt pal´ engke n. marketplace pal´iban n. postponement (from l´iban) palibh´ asa’ conj. expresses what follows is stated as a reason (parallel to halimb´ awa’) [var. palib´ asa’ ]. Palibhasa’y gawa rin. The reason being that they did it... pal´ibot n. surroundings, environment (from l´ibot) palik´ ero adj. flirtatious (male) palikp´ik n. fin of fish paligs´ ahan n. contest, competition (from ligs´ a) palip´ aran n. airport pal´it – magpalit, palit´ an, ipalit (mag-:-an, i-) v. to change, to replace, to exchange, to cash a check. Palitan mo ang kurtina. Change the curtain. palit´ ada n. pavement palit´ aw n. rice cake made of glutinous rice, sugar, and coconut gratings pal´ito Sp n. toothpick p´ alo’ – magpalo’, pal´ uin (mag-:in) v. to spank, to whip. Nakita ko siyang nagpalo ng mga bata. I saw

p´ along him spank the children. p´ along n. cock’s comb pal´ os n. eel, large Bengal swamp eel [syn. ´igat] pals´ o Sp adj. spurious, counterfeit palt´ik n. crudely made native gun palt´ os n. blister palup´ alo’ n. wooden paddle for beating laundry [var. palo-p´ alo’ ] paly´ ok n. cooking pot [var. palay´ ok ] pamag´ at n. title of written work pamah´iran n. door-mat pam´ ana n. inheritance, heritage pamangk´in n. nephew, niece (term of reference) pambur´ a n. eraser pamil´ihan n. market [syn. pal´engke] pam´ilya n. family pamint´ a n. black pepper, pepper pamingg´ alan n. cupboard, pantry pam´ utas n. perforator, hole borer (from pang + b´ utas) [var. pamb´ utas] pam´ utat n. ”hors d’oeuvres”, side dish (fr. pang + p´ utat) p´ ana’ n. bow and arrow panad´ ero Sp n. baker panad´ erya n. bakery panagh´ oy n. lamentation (fr. pang + tagh´ oy) panag´inip n. dream panah´ on n. time, season, weather panal´ angin n. prayer (from dal´ angin) pan´ alo – manalo (m-) v. to win. Nanalo siya sa sabong. He won in cockfighting. panamb´il n. sun-blind panand´ a’ n. sign pan´ aog – manaog (m-) v. to go down. Nanaog siya sa matarik na hagdanan. He went down a steep stairway. pan´ ata n. vow, usually religious pan´ atag adj. tranquil, peaceful (tat´ ag) pan´ atiko Sp adj. fanatic pana´ uhin n. visitor, guest pan´ ay adj. all, each and everyone (of a group)

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pany´ o’ pand´ ak adj. short of stature pand´ anggo Sp n. fandango dance pand´ ay n. blacksmith pandil´ig n. watering can pandis´ al Sp n. bread, a kind of french bread panh´ik – pumanhik (-um-) v. to go upstairs, to come up the house magpanhik, ipanhik (mag-:i-) v. to take upstairs. Ipanhik mo ang mga labada. Carry the washed clothes upstairs. panibugh´ o’ n. jealousy pan´iki’ n. bat p´ anig n. , side, party, page, section pan´ipit n. tongs pan´is adj. stale and spoiled, referring especially to food p´ anitikan n. literature paniw´ ala’ n. belief pano´ od – mapanood (m-:-in) v. to go and see. Nanood si Belen ng sine kagabi. Belen went to a movie last night. pan´ ot adj. bald panr´ aya n. ruler pansamantal´ a adj. temporary, tentative, acting pans´in – pumansin, pansin´in (-um-:-in) v. to give attention to, to take notice. Huwag mong pansinin ang biro niya. Don’t pay any attention to his jokes. pans´it n. long rice, noodles pansit´ erya n. Chinese restaurant pant´ al n. welt pantal´ an n. dock pantal´ on n. pants, tros pant´ ay adj. level, of the same length or height, even p´ anti n. panty pant´ og n. bladder pantukt´ ok n. knocker pant´ ulog n. nightdress p´ anty Eng n. panties pan´ ukat n. tape measure panuts´ a n. crude sugar pany´ o’ n. handkerchief [var. pa-

panyu´elo nyol´ito] panyu´ elo Sp n. shawl, shoulder kerchief pang´ a n. jaw pang´ ako’ n. promise pangah´ as adj. daring, bold, intrepid pang-´ ahit n. razor, shaver pang´ alan n. name pangamb´ a n. fear, suspicion pang´ anay n. eldest in the family (term of reference) pang´ anib n. danger pang´ arap n. daydream, ambition pang´ at n. fish cooked in water and salt pangk´ at n. group, party pangk´ o’ adj. carried in one’s arms pangku´in (-in) v. to carry in one’s arms. Pangkuin mo ang hinimatay na babae. Carry the woman who fainted. pangkusk´ os n. scrubbing brush p´ angil n. tusk, fang pangino´ on n. master, lord p´ angit adj. ugly, not good pangl´ aw – mapanglaw adj. gloomy pang´ ulo n. leader, president pangun´ ahin adj. leading, first, foremost panggup´it n. shears pa´ os adj. raucous, hoarse (voice) P´ apa n. Pope p´ apag n. bamboo bed, wooden couch pap´ aya n. papaya pap´ el n. paper pap´ el-de-l´iha n. sandpaper (l´iha) p´ ara adv. like that of, in the manner of p´ ara conj. so that, in order to • prep. for, to, till. Menos singko para alas tres. Five minutes before three o’clock. p´ ara part. non-focus benefactive phrase marker. Para sa iyo ang regalo. The gift is for you. p´ ara mkr. for, with sa benefactive

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pariy´ an noun phrase marker, with kay/kina used before proper nouns (names) p´ ara! Sp intj. stop! • par´ ahin (-in) v. to stop (a vehicle). Parahin mo ang bus. Stop the bus. ipara (i-) v. to cause a vehicle to stop. Ipara mo ang kotse. (You) stop the car. par´ ada Sp n. parade • pumarada (-um-) v. to stop. Pumarada ang kotse. The car stopped. iparada (i-) v. to stop (a vehicle), to park. Iparada mo ang kotse sa tabi ng daan. Park the car on the side of the road. para´iso Sp n. paradise paralis´is Sp n. paralysis paral´itiko Sp n/adj. paralytic person paral´ uman n. muse p´ arang n. meadow, prairie • conj. as if paras´itiko Sp adj. parasitic p´ arasyut n. parachute par´ atang n. accusation par´ ati adv. always, all the time, again and again, perennial, often. Ako’y parating nahahabol. I’m often pursued. p´ are’ n. priest [var. p´ ari’ ] p´ are appellation for a male friend, derived from kumpare or kumpadre, the feminine form is mare from kumare; sometimes used to address a man whose name one does not know par´ eho adj. equal, similar, alike, identical p´ ares adj. even, paired, similar, equal to, like par´ilya Sp n. broiler, toaster, grate of furnace p´ aris Sp n. pair • kaparis (ka-) adj. (one) of a pair, equal, similar, identical par´ito – pumarito (-um-) v. to come here [var. pumar´ine]. Pumarito ka bukas. You come here tomorrow. pariy´ an – pumariyan (-um-) v. to

parmase´ utiko/a go there. Pumariyan ang bola. The ball went there. parmase´ utiko/a Sp n. pharmacist [var. parmasiy´ otiko] parm´ asya n. pharmacy paroky´ ano Sp n. parishioner, customer, client par´ ol n. lantern par´ ola n. lighthouse paro´ on – pumaroon (-um-) v. to go there, yonder. Pumaroon ka sa tabi niya. Go yonder by her side. p´ arte n. part part´ido Sp n. political party [syn. lap´ian] part´isyon n. divider parupar´ o n. butterfly par´ usa n. punishment pas´ a’ n. contusion pas´ a – pumas´ a (-um-) v. to an academic course, an examination, an interview or the like. Pumasa si Linda sa eksamen. Linda ed the exam. magp´ asa, ip´ asa (mag-:i-) v. to on. Ipasa mo kay Dan ang bola. on the ball to Dan. p´ asak n. electric plug [var. plag] pas´ akan n. electric outlet pas´ ado adj. past, ed pasad´ or Sp n. sanitary napkin (used by women) pas´ ahe Sp n. age, journey, fare pasah´ ero Sp n. enger pasal´ ubong n. a present (usually given by one arriving from a trip) pasam´ ano n. window-ledge pas´ an – pumasan (-um-) v. to ride on one’s back magpasan, pasan´in (mag-:-in) v. to carry on one’s back or shoulders. Pasanin mo ang isang sakong bigas. Carry the sack of rice on your shoulder. pasap´ orte Sp n. port [var. p´ asport] pasar´ing n. innuendo p´ asas Sp n. raisin Pasasal´ amat n. Thanksgiving

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patab´ a’ Pask´ o n. Christmas p´ ases Sp n. , permit pas´ilyo Sp n. corridor, aisle, hall pasim´ ano n. window still [var. pasam´ ano] pasimul´ a’ n. beginning pasiy´ am n. nine-day novena after the burial pasiy´ ente n. patient pasm´ a Sp n. spasm pasm´ ado Sp adj. suffering from spasm p´ aso’ – mapas´ o’ (ma-) v. to get burned. Napaso si Juan ng kumukulong tubig. John got scalded by the boiling water. mangpaso’, pas´ uin (mang-:-in) v. to scald or burn pas´ o’ n. flower pot p´ asok – pumasok, pas´ ukin (um-:-in) v. to go to work, to go to school, to enter. Pumasok ka sa kuwarto ng ate mo. Enter your elder sister’s room. magpasok, ipasok (mag-: i-) v. to enter, to go inside, to insert, to deposit (money). Ipasok mo ang mga plinantsa sa silid. Put the things you ironed into the room. p´ asta n. filling (of tooth) past´ ol – magpastol, pastul´in, ipastol (mag-:-in, i-) v. to herd animals. Ipastol mo ang mga kalabaw. Herd the carabaos. past´ or n. pastor, minister pasy´ al – magpasyal (mag-) v. to go out for a walk, to stroll, to visit. Magpasyal tayo sa Rizal Park. Let’s go to Rizal Park for an outing. ipasyal (i-) v. to take a walk. Ipasyal mo ang mga bata sa Linggo. Take the children out for diversion this Sunday. pasy´ ensiya Sp n. patience [var. pas´ensya] pasy´ ente Sp n. patient pasy´ on Sp n. the life of Christ in vernacular verse p´ ata n. knuckles, feet (pork)

pat´ ak patab´ a’ n. fertilizer pat´ ak n. drop of liquid patakar´ an n. by-laws, basic or guiding principles p´ atag – kapat´ agan (ka-an) n. plain, lowland adj. smooth, level, even pat´ ani’ n. lima beans, kidney beans p´ atas adj. equal of the same level pat´ atas n. potatoes pat´ awad n. forgiveness • pataw´ adin (-in) v. to forgive (someone, something) pat´ ay adj. dead, not working, turn off • pumatay, patay´in (-um-:-in) v. to kill, to turn off. Pumatay si Doming ng tao. Doming killed a man. mapatay (ma-) v. to get killed magpatay (mag-) v. to slaughter. Nagpatay sila ng tatlong baboy nang ikasal si Luisa. When Luisa got married, they slaughtered three pigs. pat´ ay-g´ utom adj. extremely hungry, tramp, destiture pat´i Ch adv. also, including pat´id – magpatid, mangpatid, pat´irin (mag-, mang-:-in) v. to cut off. Pinatid niya ang lubid para pakawalan ang baboy. He cut off the rope to set free the pig. p´ atid n. tripping another’s foot • pat´irin (-in) v. to trip (someone). Huwag mo siyang patirin. Don’t trip him. pat´ilya Sp n. side-whisker, sideburns pat´ing n. shark pat´is n. fish sauce, native salty sauce patiwar´ik adv. upside down (tiwar´ik) patl´ ang Ch n. space between, interval patn´ ugot n. director, head of office p´ ato n. duck [syn. it´ik ] pat´ ola n. sponge gourd p´ atong – magpatong, ipatong (mag-:i-) v. to put on top, to put over, to lay. Ipatong mo ang panyo

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pelikul´ a sa iyong ulo. Lay the handkerchief on your head. patp´ at n. piece of split bamboo patr´ on Sp n. patron saint pat´ ubig n. irrigation pat´ ungo adj. in the direction of, towards pat´ utot n. prostitute p´ atyo n. churchyard paumanh´in n. an apology, forgiveness or toleration of a fault committed paun´ awa’ n. notice, warning pa´ us adj. hoarse [var. pa´ os] paw´ikan n. tortoise p´ awid n. nipa palm (the leaves of which are used for thatching roof) p´ awis n. perspiration, sweat • paw´isan (-an) v. to persire, to sweat. Magtatakbo ka para ka pawisan. Do some running so you may perspire. p´ ayag – pumayag (-um-) v. to agree, to conform. Pumayag ang mga manggagawa sa bagong kontrata. The workers agreed on the new contract. pay´ apa’ – mapayapa’ (ma-) adj. peaceful, calm, tranquil pay´ aso n. clown pay´ at adj. thin, slim, lean, skinny p´ ayo n. advice, counsel • magpayo (mag-) v. to give advice or counsel. Nagpayo ang guro sa bagong estudyante. The teacher counselled the new student. p´ ayong n. umbrella payp´ ay n. fan [var. pamayp´ ay] • magpaypay, ipaypay, paypay´ an (mag-:i-,-an) v. to fan, to wave as to produce wind. Nagpapaypay ang babae dahil sa init. The woman is fanning (herself) because of the heat. payp´ ay n. shoulder (Boston butt) Pebr´ ero n. February p´ ekas Sp n. freckles p´ eklat n. scar ped´ al Sp n. pedal, treadle pelikul´ a Sp n. photo-film, movie-

pel´igro film pel´igro Sp n. danger [var. pil´igro] pel´ uka Sp n. wig penit´ ensiya Sp n. penitence p´ enoy n. hard-boiled duck’s egg pensiy´ on Sp n. pension, allowance of expense money p´ era n. money p´ eras n. pear perhuw´isyo Sp n. injury, damage, harm perisk´ opyo n. periscope p´ erlas n. pearls p´ ero conj. but, however person´ al adj. personal pery´ odiko Sp n. newspaper, journal, periodical p´ esa’ n. boiled fish spiced with pepper, garlic, onion, ginger p´ este Sp n. pest, plague, epidemic p´ etsa n. date (of the calendar) p´ etsay n. Chinese cabbage (pechay) pik´i’ adj. knock-kneed pik´it adj. closed (refering to eyes) p´iknik Eng magpiknik (mag-) v. to go on a picnic. Magpipiknik tayo sa Linggo. We will go on a picnic on Sunday. p´iko n. pick pik´ o’ n. children’s game of hopscotch pik´ on adj. easily angered by jokes or jests, touchy p´ikot Ch makapikot, mapikot (maka-, ma-) v. to be forced into marriage. Napikot siya ng isang bailarina. He was forced to marry a taxi-dancer. pig´ a’ – magpiga’, pig´ ain (mag-:in) v. to squeeze, to wring. Huwag mong pigain ang kamatis. Don’t squeeze the tomato. pig´i’ n. hips, rump pighat´i’ n. anguish, affiction p´igil – pig´ilin (-in) v. to detain, to hold in hand, to prevent, to stop magpigil (mag) v. to control, to hold back. Nagpipigil lang ako ng aking sarili. I’m just controlling

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pil´ipit myself. pigl´ as n. effort to be free from hold pigs´ a n. boil, tumor p´ihit – pumihit (-um-) v. to turn around magpihit, pih´itin, ipihit (mag-:in, i-) v. to wind, to turn a crank or a shaft. Pihitin mo ang manibela sa kaliwa. Turn the steering wheel to the left. p´iho adj. sure, certain p´ila n. flashlight battery p´ila n. line, queue • pumila (-um-) v. to fall in line. Pumipila muna ang mga sundalo bago magmartsa. The soldiers fall in line first before marching. magpila, ipila (mag-:i-) v. to align p´ila n. queue [syn. h´ anay, hil´era] p´ilak n. silver, money pil´ apil n. dike p´ilas n. rend, rip • adj. rend, ripped (pil´ as) p´ilay n. lameness, sprain • adj. lame mapilay (ma-) v. to become lame. Napilay siya nang siya’y madulas. He became lame when he slipped. p´ilduras Sp n. pill, pellet, medicine pill pil´ eges n. pleats, fold, plait p´ili’ – pumili’ (-um-) v. to choose mangpili’, pil´iin (mang-:-in) v. to select, to pick out (something). Pinili ng mamimili ang pinakasariwang isda. The buyer picked out the freshest fish. p´ili’ n. pili nuts pil´ikmata n. eyelash piligr´ oso adj. dangerous p´iling n. side of pil´ing n. bunch, cluster of fruits (bananas) Pilip´inas n. Philippines Pilip´ino/a n. Filipino (masculine/feminine) pil´ipit – pumilipit (-um-) v. to twist magpilipit, pilip´itin, ip-

p´ilit ilipit (mag-:-in:i-) v. to coil, to twist (something). Pinipilipit ng mangingisda ang lubid. The fisherman is coiling the rope. p´ilit – mapilit (ma-) adj. forced, against one’s will, insistent • magpilit, pil´itin (mag-:-in) v. to insist, to strive, to force. Pinilit ng inang kumain ang bata. The mother forced the child to eat. p´ilyo/a adj. naughty, rascal, mischievous (masculine/ feminine) pin n. brooch pinak´ a pref. an affix to adjectives expressing superlative degree (of the quality) pind´ ot – pumindot, pindut´in (-um-:-in) v. to squeeze or crush with the fingers. Pinindot niya ang mangga kaya nalamog. She squeezed the mango that’s why it became soft. pin´id adj. closed • magpinid (mag-) v. to close, to shut ip´inid (i-) v. to close (door). Ipinid mo ang pinto. Close the door. pin´ipig n. rice stamped flat p´ino adj. smooth, fine pins´ ala’ n. damage, injury p´insan n. cousin (term of reference) pint´ a – magpinta, pintah´ an, ipinta (mag-:-an, i-) v. to paint, to have (something) painted. Magpinta tayo ng ating kuwarto. Let’s paint our room. pintak´ asi n. celebration of cockfighting pint´ as – mamintas (mang-) v. to find fault. Huwag kang mamintas ng kapuwa. Don’t find fault with your fellowmen. pint´ o’ n. door, (pint´ uan) doorway pint´ or n. painter (artist) pint´ ura n. paint piny´ a n. pineapple pingg´ a n. pole for carrying weight across the shoulder pingg´ an n. plate, dish

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pist´ ola p´ipa n. pipe p´ipi adj. dumb, mute pip´ino n. cucumber pip´it Mal n. native sparrow pirangg´ ot n. a very small piece pir´ aso n. a piece • pumiraso (-um-) v. to break a piece from. Pumiraso ka sa tinapay ko. Break a piece off from my bread. magpiraso, piras´ uhin (mag-:-in) v. to break into pieces. Pirasuhin mo ang tinapay. Cut the bread into small pieces. pir´ing n. blindfold pir´ito – magprito, prit´ uhin, iprito (mag-:-in,i-) v. to fry [var. pr´ito]. Prituhin mo ang bangus. Fry the milkfish. Magprito tayo ng isda. Let’s fry a fish. pirm´ a n. signature • pumirma, pirmah´ an (-um-:-an) v. to affix one’s signature. Pumirma si Amalia sa aking otograp. Amalia signed my autograph book. Pirmahan mo ang aking report card. Sign my report card. pis´ a’ – pumisa’, magpisa’, pis´ ain (-um-, mag-:-in) v. to crush, to compress, to hatch. Pinisa ng bata ang mga itlog. The child crushed the eggs. pis´ ak adj. blind of one eye pis´ ara n. blackboard, chalkboard piskad´ or n. kingfisher pis´ eta Sp n. a twenty-centavo piece or coin, twenty centavos p´isi’ n. string, thread pis´il n. squeezing with the hand • pisil´in (-in) v. to squeeze. Pinisil niya ang bata. He squeezed the child. pisng´i’ n. cheeks p´iso Mex n. peso, one peso (one hundred centavos) pis´ on Sp n. steam-roller pisp´is n. remnants of what is eaten, specially fish bones (usually given as cat feed) pist´ a n. fiesta, feast day

pit´aka pist´ ola n. pistol (see also rebolber) pit´ aka Sp n. wallet, purse, billfold pit´ as – pumitas (-um-) v. to pick mamitas, pitas´in (mang-:-in) v. to pick off (something) from a stem. Pitasin mo ang mga rosas. Pick the roses. pit´ik – pumitik (-um-) v. to snap one’s fingers, to topple or push with a flip of the fingers mamitik, pitik´in (mang-:-in) v. to flick. Pinitik ni Lito ang tenga ni Boyet. Lito flicked Boyet’s ear. pit´is adj. tight-fitting (of clothes, dresses) pitisy´ on Sp n. petition p´ito n. whistle • pumito (-um-) v. to whistle. Pumipito si Tonio habang naglalakad sa dilim. Tony is whistling while walking in the dark. pit´ o num. seven pitp´it adj. flattened by pounding p´itsa Sp n. chips (in checkers) pits´ el n. jug, pitcher (water) pits´ o Sp n. breast of fowl or animal pits´ on Sp n. young pigeon, spring chicken piyan´ista n. pianist piy´ ano n. piano piy´ ansa Sp n. surety, bail, bond piy´ er n. pier, harbor piy´ erna n. chuck (of meat) piy´ erna k´ orta n. round cut piy´ on n. laborer, unskilled or semiskilled worker, pawn (in chess) pl´ aka n. record disc, a phonograph record pla´is n. pliers plan´ eta n. planet pl´ ano n. plan pl´ anta Sp n. plant or site of a building, site or installation of a project pl´ antsa n. flat iron • magplantsa (mag-) v. to iron or to press clothes. Nagplantsa si Lita ng kanyang damit. Lita ironed her clothes. plantsad´ or/a n. one who irons

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pr´ito clothes for a living (masculine/ feminine) pl´ asa n. plaza, the town park platap´ orma Sp n. platform plater´ia Sp n. silversmith, goldsmith [var. plateriy´ a] plat´ ero Sp n. silversmith, goldsmith plat´ito n. saucer pl´ ato n. plate pl´ ema Sp n. phlegm plor´ era n. flower vase plor waks n. floor wax pl´ uma n. fountain pen po’ part. a form that indicates respect or politeness, sir/ma’am. Opo’. (oo + po) Yes, sir. p´ obre adj. poor p´ olbo n. powder [var. pulb´ os] pol´is Eng n. police [var. pul´is] p´ olo n. polo shirt, sport shirt p´ olo bar´ ong n. native-styled polo shirt pom´ ada n. pomade popul´ ar adj. popular porm´ al adj. formal, serious port´ ero n. doorkeeper p´ osas n. handcuffs p´ oso Sp n. a dug-out, well (of water) poso-n´ egro Sp n. septic tank p´ osporo n. match p´ oste n. post post o ´pis n. post office pran´ ela Sp n. flannel pr´ angka adj. frank, open, sincere pr´ ayle n. friar prepar´ ado adj. prepared presid´ ente n. president pr´ eso Sp n. prisoner pr´ esyo Sp n. price preb´ ado adj. private primera/o Sp adj/adv. first (feminine/masculine) prinsip´ al/a n. school principal (masculine/feminine) pr´isma n. prism pr´ito adj. fried • magprito, prit´ uhin (mag-:-in) v. to fry [var. pir´ito]. Nagprito siya ng tuyo para sa almusal. She fried dried

prob´insiya fish for breakfast. prob´insiya Sp n. province probinsiy´ ana Sp n/adj. female from the province, provincial probl´ ema n. problem prod´ ukto Sp n. product progr´ ama n. program propag´ anda Sp n. propaganda, ment propes´ or/a n. professor (masculine/feminine) propesy´ on n. profession prusisy´ on n. a religious procession pr´ utas n. fruit pu’ n/num. ten, tens p´ uki n. vagina [var. k´iki’ ] puk´ ol (-um-) magpukol (mag-:i-:-in) v. to throw, to cast, to hurl puks´ a’ – mamuksa’, puksa´in (mang-:-in) v. to destroy, to exterminate, to overcome. Kailangan nating puksain ang mga ipis. We need to exterminate the cockroaches. puky´ utan n. bee pudp´ od adj. worn out, blunt p´ ugad n. nest p´ ugo’ n. quail pug´ on n. oven [var. ´ oben] pug´ ot adj. decapitated, beheaded puh´ unan n. capital in business pul´ a – mapula (ma-) adj. red, rosy (cheeks) p´ ula’ – mamula’, pul´ aan (mang:-an) v. to give adverse criticisms. Magsiyasat ka muna bago ka mamula. Investigate first before you criticize. pulb´ os n. powder pulg´ ada n. inch (measurement) pulg´ as n. flea pul´ido adj. polished, refined, polite, neat pul´is n. police, policeman pulit´ ana Sp n. flush score in a game of cards called pangg´ingge pulmun´ia Sp n. pneumonia [var. pulmuniy´ a] pul´ o’ n. island, isolated place

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puny´ al p´ ulong n. meeting, conference [syn. m´iting] pul´ ot n. honey, syrup p´ ulot – mamulot, pul´ utin (mang:-in) v. to pick up. Pulutin mo ang papel sa sahig. Pick up the paper on the floor. pul´ ot-gat´ a n. honeymoon p´ ulpito n. pulpit pulp´ ol adj. blunt, obtuse puls´ eras Sp n. bracelet puls´ o n. wrist pul´ ubi adj. mendicant, beggar pul´ upot – magpulupot, ipulupot (mag-:i-) v. to twist around or wind around something. Ipulupot mo ang lubid sa iyong bewang. Twist the rope around your waist. pul´ utan n. appetizer taken with wine, etc. p´ unas – magpunas, pun´ asan (mag-:-an) v. to wipe, to mop, to dry, with a piece of cloth or rag. Nagpupunas siya ng sahig tuwing umaga. She mops the floor every morning. pund´ a n. pillowcase pund´ido adj. burnt out (bulb) puner´ arya n. funeral home p´ unit n. rip, tear • adj. torn • pumunit, pun´itin (-um-:-in) v. to rip, to tear. Pinunit ng estudyante ang kanyang kuwaderno. The student ripped his notebook. p´ uno n. head man • n. tree trunk, tree pun´ o’ adj. full, filled puns´ o n. ant hill, hillock punt´ a – magpunta, pumunta (mag-, -um-) v. to go. Nagpunta ako sa Pilipinas noong nakaraang tag-araw. I went to the Philippines last summer. p´ unta y p´ etso n. brisket (of meat) punt´ as Sp n. lace, lace-work p´ unto Sp n. period punt´ od n. mound, graveyard p´ unung-g´ uro n. head teacher, principal

puny´ os puny´ al Sp n. poniard, dagger puny´ os n. cuff pup´itre n. desk purg´ a Sp n. purgative • magpurga (mag-) v. to take purgative purgah´in (-in) v. to give purgative. Purgahin mo ang bata para gumaling. Give purgative to the child so he gets well. p´ uri (-um-) mamuri, pur´ihin (mang-:-in) v. to praise, to compliment, to flatter. Ang mamuri ay mas magaling kaysa mamintas. To praise is better than to criticize. p´ uro adj. pure, clean, chaste pur´ ol – mapurol (ma-) adj. dull purtamun´ eda Sp n. bag, handbag p´ usa’ n. cat pus´ ali’ n. mire under the house pus´it n. squid pusl´it adj. uninvited, illegal, contraband (sl) p´ uso’ n. heart p´ uso’ ng s´ aging n. banana blossom p´ usod n. navel, umbilicus pus´ od n. hair-knot, coiffure that has hair-knot pus´ on n. abdomen p´ uspas n. dish of rice porridge and chicken [syn. arroz c´ aldo] [var. p´ ospas] pust´ a n. bet • pumusta, ipusta (-um-:i-) v. to bet. Pumusta ang sugarol sa karera ng kabayo. The gambler bet on the horse race. pust´iso adj. false, artificial (teeth), denture pust´ ura adj. dressed elegantly p´ uta n. prostitute putakt´i n. wasp put´i’ – maputi’ (ma-) adj. fair (complexion), white p´ utik n. mud • maputik (ma-) adj. muddy putl´ a’ – maputla’ (ma-) adj. lightcolored, pale

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rasy´ on p´ uto n. native rice cake put´ ok – pumutok (-um-) v. to explode, to blast, to erupt. Pumutok na naman ang bulkang Mayon. The Mayon volcano erupted again. p´ utol – pumutol, put´ ulin, put´ ulan (-um-:-in,-an) v. to cut something magput´ ol (mag-) v. to cut intensively, repeatedly mamutol (mang-) v. to cut something say wood as means of livelihood or to cut habitually. Namumutol si Kardo ng kahoy tuwing hapon. Kardo cuts wood every afternoon. puts´ ero Sp n. dish of boiled meat and vegetables puw´ ang n. space, interval between puw´ ede pv. can be, can, may, indicate possibility puw´ era adj. not included puw´ ersa – mamuwersa, puwersah´in (mang-:-in) v. to force, to apply force or strength. Pinuwersa ng magnanakaw na buksan ang pinto. The robber forced to open the door. puw´ es Sp conj. therefore, then puw´ esto Sp n. place or space occupied, stall, stand (as in market) puw´ings n foreign body in the eye puw´it n. buttocks puy´ at adj. tired or exhausted for want to sleep puy´ o n. cowlick

R r´ aket Eng n. racket (as for tennis or bton), illicit or fraudulent scheme r´ adyo Eng n. radio r´ aha n. rajah ram´i Eng n. ramie r´ antso Sp n. ranch (usually cattle ranch) rasy´ on Sp n. ration

rat´ an rat´ an n. rattan r´ ayos Sp n. spoke (of a wheel) ray´ uma n. rheumatism reb´ elde Sp n. rebel, defaulter • adj. rebellious rebentad´ or Sp n. firecracker [var. labintad´ or ] reb´ olber Sp n. revolver rebolusy´ on Sp n. revolution [var. ribulusy´ on] rek´ ado Sp n. condiments rek´isa Sp n. inspection by looking into containers (boxes or pockets) rekl´ amo Sp n. complaint rekomendasy´ on Sp n. recommendation rekt´ anggulo Sp n. rectangle, rectangular rekt´ or Sp n. rector rekw´ erdo Sp n. memory, remembrance, keepsake, momento, souvenir reg´ alo n. gift, present • magregalo (mag-) v. to give gift. Nagreregalo siya sa kanyang nobya tuwing Pasko. He gives gift to his sweetheart every Christmas. regul´ ar adj. regular, ordinary, moderate r´ ehas Sp n. grating, railing, bars relasy´ on Sp n. relation relihiy´ on n. religion rel´ o n. watch, wrist watch, clock [var. rel´ os] reloh´ ero Sp n. watch or clock maker, clock dealer, watch dealer rel´ os Sp n. watch, clock [var. ril´ os] rely´ eno n. a dish of stuffed chicken, stuffed fish, or stuffed crab remat´ ado Sp adj. ended, finished, totally lost or sold (at auction or by default or by of commerce) rem´ edyo Sp n. remedy r´ enda Sp n. reins rend´ido Sp adj. fatigued, worn out, confused (in mind and body) [var. rind´ido] rep´ aso Sp n. review repin´ ado adj. refined

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ruw´eda rep´ olyo n. cabbage repr´ esko Sp n. refreshment repridyir´ eytor/pridyid´ er n. refrigerator reputasy´ on Sp n. reputation res´ erba Sp n. something reserved for future use, spare, spare tire res´ eta n. medical prescription res´ibo Sp n. receipt respons´ able adj. responsible restawr´ an n. restaurant res´ ulta Sp result, loss in a transaction or trust. ret´ aso n. remnants of cloth retrat´ista n. photographer r´ eyna n. queen reynds n. range rik´ ado n. condiments rigud´ on Sp n. rigadoon, quadrille (dance) r´iles n. railway rim´ arim – marimarim (ma-) v. to feel disgust, loathing. Narimarim si Cora sa ugali ni Mila. Cora got disgusted at Mila’s behavior. r´imas n. breadfruit rind´ido adj. fatigued, tired-out, confused, exhausted [var. rind´e, rend´ido] r´ipa a. a kind of lottery r´iple n. rifle r´ olyo Sp n. roll, bundle (of cloth or paper) rom´ ansa Sp n. romance rom´ antika/o adj. romantic (feminine/masculine) rond´ alya Sp n. string orchestra rop´ ero Sp n. dirty linen basket ros´ al n. gardenia ros´ aryo Sp n. rosary r´ osas n. roses r´ osas adj. rose, pink (color) r´ oskas Sp n. screw thread rot´ onda Sp n. rot´ unda rub´i Sp n. ruby rul´ eta Sp n. roulette R´ usya Sp n. Russia ruw´ eda Sp n. wheel

sa

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S sa mkr. location or direction marker, to, from, in, on, etc sa part. non-focus locative phrase marker sa´ an int. where? in what place? sab´ a n. bananas (cooking variety) S´ abado n. Saturday sab´ aw n. soup broth sab´ ay – sumabay, magsabay, sabay´ an (-um-, mag-:-an) v. to go with, to go at the same time. Sumabay ka sa aming pagsisimba. Go to church with us at the same time. s´ abi – magsabi, sab´ihin (mag-:-in) v. to say, to ask permission, to tell, to relate. Magsabi ka sa nanay at nang hindi tayo pagalitan. Tell mother (ask mother’s permission) so we won’t be scolded. sab´ik asj. eager, anxious s´ abit – sumabit (-um-) v. to hang, to suspend magsabit, isabit (mag-:i-) v. to hang. Isabit no ang bago mong litrato sa kuwarto. Hang your new picture in the room. s´ abog – sumabog (-um-) v. to explode. Sumabog ang bomba. The bomb exploded. magsabog, isabog (mag-:i-) v. to strew, to scatter, to spill. Isabog mo ang mga butong ito sa hardin. Scatter the seeds in the garden. sab´ on n. soap s´ abong n. cockfight • magsabong (mag-) v. to engage in cockfighting, to play or bet in a cockfight. Magsasabong si Anong sa Linggo. Anong will bet in a cockfight this Sunday. isabong (i-) v. to bet (a gamecock) against another sab´ unot n. pulling of hair, uprooting of hair • sabun´ utan (-an) v. to pull (some-

saks´ak one’s hair) by the roots. Sinabunutan siya ng Nanay niya. Her hair was pulled by her Mother. sabung´ an n. cockpit sak´ a’ conj. also, in addition, and [var. atsak´ a’ ] sak´ a adv. after that, then. Saka pa lamang. Only then, not till then. saka na adv. at another time. Saka na tayo manood ng sine. Let’s go to the movies another time. sak´ al – sakal´in (-in) v. to strangle (someone) mangsakal (mang-) v. to strangle. Nanakal siya ng tao. He strangled a person. sak´ ali’ conj. in case, if it should sak´ ang adj. bow-legged sak´ ay – sumakay (-um-) v. to ride in a vehicle, to board a vehicle, to take/board a plane. Sumakay ako sa eroplano nang pumunta ako sa San Francisco. I took a plane when I went to San Francisco. magsakay, isakay (mag-:i-) v. to load in a vehicle sakd´ al adj/adv (superlative degree). very, most, -est as sakdal ganda, most beautiful sak´im adj. greedy, selfish sak´it n. sickness, physical suffering, pain • masakit (ma-) adj. painful sumakit (-um-) v. to ache, to be in pain, to be ill. Hindi siya makapagtrabaho kasi sumasakit ang kanyang ulo. He isn’t able to work because his head aches. sakl´ ap – masaklap (ma-) adj. bitter, acrid sakl´ olo – sumaklolo (-um-) to aid, to succor, to help. Sumaklolo ang pulis sa nasaktang bata. The policeman aided the injured boy. s´ ako n/qnt. a sack s´ akong n. heel sakrist´ an n. altar boy saks´ ak – sumaksak, sinaksak (-um-:-in) v. to stab, to pierce.

saks´i Sinaksak ang isang lalaki kagabi. A man was stabbed last night. magsaksak, isaksak (mag-:i-) v. to stuff, to cram in clothes as in packing manaksak (mang-) v. to stab saks´i n. witness • sumaksi (-um-) v. to witness, to testify, to witness against. Sumaksi siya laban sa nasasakdal. He witnessed against the accused. sakun´ a’ n. accident, misfortune. sads´ ad adj. anchored, grounded (boats) sady´ a’ n. purpose, aim • sumadya’ (-um-) v. to go to a place with a definite intention. Sumadya sila sa Hapuna. They went to Hapuna. magsadya’, sadya´in (mag-:-in) v. to go to a place with definite intention manadya’ (mang-) v. to do intentionally sag´ abal n. obstruction • adj. full of impediment sag´ ad adj. sunk to the hilt, down to the bottom sag´ ala Sp n. maiden in costume ing the Lenten Procession or the ”Santacruzan” sag´ ana – masagana (ma-) adj. bountiful, plentiful, abundant s´ agap n. something scooped from just below the surface of water • makasagap, masagap (maka-, ma-) v. to inhale something (fig.), to pick up a rumor unintentionally. Nakasagap siya ng mabuting balita. He was able to pick up some good news. s´ aging n. banana sag´isag n. emblem, insignia, penname, pseudonym sagits´it n. hissing or whizzing sound sagl´it n. instant, moment, second (time) sag´ o n. palm tree of medium height bearing globular fruits that have

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salag´ ubang seedsof white bony albumen sag´ ot n. answer, response, reply • sumagot, sagut´in (-um-:-in) v. to answer, to reply. Sagutin mo ang tanong ko. Answer my question. sagr´ ado adj. sacred, consecrated sag´ upa’ – sumagupa’, managupa’,sagup´ ain (-um, mang-:-in) v. to encounter, to combat, to collide. Sinagupa nila ang mga bandido. They encountered the bandits. sagw´ a’ – masagwa’ (ma-) adj. not in good taste sagw´ an n. paddle s´ aha’ n. sheathing leafstalks of banana sah´ig n. floor s´ ahod n. salary • sumahod (-um) v. to catch the flow of something with a receptacle, to receive a salary or wage. Sumahod ako kahapon. I got/received my pay yesterday. magsahod, sah´ urin (mag-:-in) v. to catch the dripping. Sahurin mo ang tumutulong tubig sa gripo. Catch the dripping water from the faucet (in a receptacle). sah´ og n. mixture for taste sah´ ol – masahol (ma-) adj. worse, less good, lacking, falling short sa´id adj. consumed, used up, exhausted s´ aing – magsaing, isaing (mag-:i) v. to cook by steam such as rice. Magsaing ka mamayang gabi. Cook rice later tonight. sa´is Sp num. six s´ ala n. error, sin, fault s´ ala n. living room sala´ an n. colander, strainer, sifter salab´ at n. ginger drink, ginger tea sal´ akay n. assault, invasion • salak´ ayin (-in) v. to invade (a place). Sinalakay ng kaaway ang kampo. The enemy invaded the camp. salak´ ot n. native hat made of nipa palm

sal´amat salag´ ubang n. beetle sal´ amat n. thanks, thank you salam´in n. mirror, looking-glass, eyeglasses salans´ an – magsalansan, salansan´in, isalansan (mag-:in, i-) v. to file orderly, to put in an orderly stack. Salansanin mo ang mga importanteng papel. File the important papers. salant´ a’ adj. badly injured or damaged, weakened • magsalanta’, salanta´in (mag-:-in) v. to cripple, to maim, to damage. Sinalanta ng bagyo ang mga halaman. The typhoon damaged the plants. salap´i’ n. money salar´in n. villain, criminal salaw´ ahan adj. fickle salaw´ al n. panties, underwear, undergarments, tros [var. p´ anty] salays´ ay n. narration, story • magsalaysay, isalaysay (mag-:i-) v. to narrate, to relate, to tell a story. Isalaysay mo ang nangyari. Narrate what happened. salbab´ida Sp n. life preserver salb´ ahe adj. rude, unkind, bad s´ ali – sumali (-um-) v. to participate, to . Sumali si Terry sa mga palaro. Terry ed in with the parlor games. magsali, isali (mag-:i-) v. to allow one to participate, to include in a group or group work. Isali ninyo si Sandra sa inyong laro. Include Sandra in your game. saliks´ik n. detailed, minute search, research s´ alin – magsalin, isalin (mag-:i-) v. to pour into another receptacle, to copy to translate, to transcribe. Isalin mo ang tubig sa baso. Pour the water into the glass. salit´ a’ n. word • magsalita’ (mag-) v. to speak, to talk, to speak out. Ang batang mahiyain ay hindi nagsasalita sa

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sampalat´ aya klase. The shy boy doesn’t speak in the class. sal´itre n. saltpeter salm´ on n. salmon sal´ o – sumalo (-um-) v. to catch. Sino ang sumalo ng bola? Who caught the ball? s´ alok – sumalok (-um-) v. to fetch, as in fetching water. Sumalok ka ng tubig sa poso. Fetch water from the well. sal´ op n/quan. ganta s´ alot nw. epidemic, pest, plague salp´ ok n. collision, impact, bump s´ alsa Sp n. sauce, gravy [var. s´ arsa] s´ alsa p´ erin n. worchestershire sauce sal´ ubong – sumalubong, salub´ ungin (-um-:-in) v. to meet along the way. Salubungin mo ako sa kanto. Meet me at the corner. s´ alu-s´ alo n. a get-together sam´ a’ – masama’ (ma-) adj. bad • sumam´ a’ (-um-) v. to become bad, to become ill. Lalong sumama ang kanyang lagnat. His fever became worse. sam´ a’ ng lo´ ob n. ill feelings s´ ama – sumama (-um-) v. to go with, to the company, accompany magsama, isama (mag-:i-) v. to take along with. Isama mo si Bubot sa Luneta. Take Bubot along to Luneta. samakatuw´id conj. therefore samant´ ala adv/conj. while, in the meantime samb´ a – sumamba, sambah´in (-um-:-in) v. to adore, to worship. Sambahin mo ang Dios. Worship God. sampag´ita n. Hawaiian pikake, Arabian jasmine samp´ al – manampal, sampal´in (mang-:-in) v. to slap on the face. Sasampalin kita. I will slap your face. sampalat´ aya n. act of faith •

samp´alok sumampalataya (-um-) v. to believe. Sumampalataya sila kay Hesukristo. They believe in Jesus Christ. samp´ alok n. tamarind samp´ ay – magsampay, isampay (mag-:i-) v. to hang clothes on a line. Magsasampay pa ako ng damit. I’ll hang clothes yet. samp´ u’ num. ten, derived form isang pu’, one ten s´ ana n/prep. 1 with, hope 2 Expresses unreal futurity in the past or doubtful futurity in the present. In the latter sense, it expresses modesty in a request. Ipaglalaba sana kita ng damit nguni’t wala akong sabon. I could have washed your clothes, but I didn’t have any soap. san´ ay adj. skilled, experienced magsanay, sanayin (mag-:-in) to practice, to exercise, to rehearse, to get used to. Magsanay kang lumakad nang mabilis. You better get used to walking fast. sand´ al n. act of reclining against an object • magsandal, isandal (mag-:i-) v. to place (something or someone) in a reclining or leaning position against a . Isandal mo ang iyong likod sa unan. Lean your back against the pillow. sandalan n. back of a seat, something used to lean or recline against sandal´i adv. a moment, a minute, a short time, lang, wait a minute sand´ alyas n. sandals sand´ ata’ n. weapon, arms sand´ig Mal/Sk sumandig (-um-) v. to recline. Sumandig ang bata sa dibdib ng ina. The child reclined on the bosom of the mother. s´ ando n. undershirt sand´ ok n. ladle • magsandok, sumandok, sandok´in (mag-,-um-:-in) v. to scoop,

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sapant´ aha’ to take with a ladle. Magsandok ka ng kanin. Scoop out the rice. sanid´ ad n. health inspector sanl´ a’ – magsanla’, isanla’ (mag:i-) v. to pawn, to mortgage. Isanla mo ang singsing ko. Pawn my ring. sanlibut´ an n. universe (fr. sang + libot + an) sans´ ala’ n. interdiction, injunction, ay] prohibition [syn. p´igil, saw´ sans´ e Ch n. appelation for third eldest sister santacr´ usan n. May flower festival sant´ an n. iscora, shrub with white, (santang put´i’ ), red (santang pul´ a) or pink (santang rosas) flowers s´ anto /a n. saint (masculine/feminine) • adj. saintly, holy, sacred sant´ ol n. santol sang- aff. the whole, the whole unit, one, in its entirety, as sang-angaw, one million sang´ a n. stem, branch, twig sangk´ alan n. chopping block sangk´ ap n. belongings, implements, contents, ingredients sangg´ a – sumangga (-um-) v. to shield, to obstruct for protection manangga, sanggah´in (mang:-in) v. to block (as in boxing). Sanggahin mo ang suntok niya. Block his punch (boxing). s´ anggano n. gangster sangg´ ol n. baby, infant sangl´ a’ Ch n. pledge (as in pawning), mortgage [var. sanl´ a’ ] sangs´ ang n. strong agreeable odor [var. sans´ ang] s´ apa’ n. brook, creek, stream sap´ ak Ch adj. dovetailed very well, inserted fully • intj. expressing full satisfaction sapagk´ a’t conj. because s´ apal n. residue, e.g. of coconut meat after it has been squeezed sapalar´ an [r.w. p´ alad ] n. taking of chances or risks, venturing sapant´ aha’ n. presumption, suspi-

sap´at cion sap´ at adj. enough, sufficient sapat´ ero n. shoemaker sapat´ilyas n. slippers (for dress wear), stepin sap´ atos n. shoes s´ api’ n. member (of a society), organization sap´in n. underlayer, protective underlayer • magsapin, isapin (mag-:i-) v. to put or use an underlayer. Isapin mo ang panyo ko. Use my handkerchief as an undercover. sap´ ok n. a straight box (punch) in the face sap´ ol adv. at the very beginning, at the very root saps´ ap n. a species of slipmouth fish sar´ a – sumara (-um-) v. to close. Sumara ang bintana sa lakas ng hangin. The window closed because of the strong wind. magsara, sarah´ an, isara (mag:-an, i-) v. to close (something), to shut, to turn off. Sarahan (sarhan) mo ang pinto. Close the door. sar´ ado adj. closed, shut, turned off sar´ ap – masarap (ma-) adj. delicious, good sar´ at adj. flat (of nose) sard´inas n. sardines sar´ili n. self, oneself • adj. private s´ ari-s´ ari’ n. variety store s´ ari’s´ ari’ adj. diverse sar´iwa’ adj. fresh, new, recent (food) s´ arsa Sp n. sauce sarsapar´ilya Sp n. sarsaparilla, a kind of beverage sart´ en Sp n. frying pan, tin cup for drinking sasaky´ an n. vehicle for transportation sastr´ e n. tailor, tailor shop sa´ uli’ – magsauli’, isauli’ (mag-:i) v. to return what was borrowed. Isauli mo ang libro sa aklatan. Return the book to the library.

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sekr´eto sa´ ulo – magsaulo, saul´ uhin (mag:-in) v. to memorize. Sauluhin mo ang leksiyon. Memorize the lesson. saw´ a n. boa constrictor saw´ a’ adj. satiated, sated, satisfied, tired saw´ ali’ n. interwoven splits of bamboo for walling saw´ ay – pagsaway (pag-) n. prohibition, act of prohibiting, stopping • saway´in (-in) v. to prohibit, to stop, to forbid. Sawayin mo siya sa masamang gawain. Stop him from doing bad things. saw´i’ adj. ill-fated saws´ aw – sumawsaw (-um-) v. to dip food in liquid, e.g. sauce magsawsaw, isawsaw (mag-:i-) v. Isawsaw mo ang langgonisa sa suka. Dip the (native) sausage in vinegar. s´ aya n. long skirt say´ a – masaya (ma-) adj. happy, cheerful, merry, gay • magsaya (mag-) v. to be happy, to be cheerful, to be gay. Magsaya tayong lahat! Let’s all be happy! say´ ad adj. touching or dragging on floor at bottom, or on the sides s´ ayang! Mal intj. what a pity! • masayang (ma-) v. to be wasted. Nasayang ang pagod ko. My efforts were wasted. say´ aw – sayawan (-an) n. a dance, a social gathering for dancing, a ball sumayaw (-um-) v. to dance. Sumayaw kami kagabi. We went dancing last night. magsayaw, isayaw, sayaw´in (mag-:i-, -in) v. Sayawin mo ang tinikling. Dance the tinikling. say´ ote n. pear-shaped vegetable says´ ay n. value, worth s´ ebo Sp n. tallow, fat sekr´ eta Sp n. detective, plainclothesman sekret´ arya/o n. secretary (feminine/masculine) sekr´ eto Sp n. secret •

s´eda masekreto (ma-) adj. secretive s´ eda Sp n. silk seg´ uro Sp n. insurance s´ elan – maselan (ma-) adj. fastidious, meticulous, particular s´ elos – magselos (mag-) v. to be jealous. Huwag kang magselos. Don’t be jealous. s´ elula n. cell sely´ ado adj. sealed, stamped s´ elyo n. stamp sement´ eryo n. cemetery senador/a n. senator (masculine/feminine) sent´ido Sp n. sense (of an expression) [var. sint´ido] sent´ido-kom´ un Sp n. common sense [var. sint´ido-kum´ on] sentiment´ al adj. sentimental sentimy´ ento Sp n. sentiment • magsentimyento (mag-) v. Nagsentimyento siya sa akin. He harbored hurt feelings against me. seny´ al Sp n. mark, sign [var. siny´ al ] s´ enyas Sp n. sign, signal, mark [var. siny´ as] • sumenyas (-um-) v. Sumenyas siya sa weyter. He signaled to the waiter. seny´ or Sp n. sir, mister, lord, master [var. siny´ or ] seny´ ora Sp n. madam, mistress, aristocratic lady [var. siny´ ora] senyor´ita Sp n. little miss, miss, little mistress, (deprecatingly) girl who dislikes work [var. sinyur´ita] sep´ilyo n. toothbrush, brush [var. sip´ilyo] Septiy´ embre n. September [var. Sety´embre] serb´ esa n. beer serbid´ or/a n. waiter/waitress serbily´ eta n. table napkin serb´isyo Sp n. service ser´ eno Sp n. night watchman, night breeze, nocturnal coolness causing chill s´ ermon n. sermon set´ enta Sp num. seventy • n. seventy centavos

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sig´a’ s´i part. singular focus marker of proper nouns of names sib´ ak Ch sibak´in (-in) v. to split wood with a hatchet. Sinibak niya ang punungkahoy. He chopped down the tree. sib´ ad n. sudden burst of flight sib´ at n. spear s´ibi n. shed attached to side of house, balcony, portico sib´ ol n. growth, bud, sprout, spring of water • sumibol (-um-) v. to grow, sprout. Sumibol ang butong itinanim ko. The seed that I planted grew. sib´ uyas n. onions sibuyas na m´ ura n. green onion s´ikad n. backward kick, energy, force, potency • sumikad, isikad (-um-:i-) v. to kick backward. Sumisikad ang kabayo sa galit. The horse is kicking (backwards) in anger. s´ikap – masikap (ma-) adj. diligent, active, assiduous • magsikap (mag-) v. to strive, to persevere, to work diligently. Magsikap ka para yumaman ka. Work diligently so you will get rich. s´ikat n. rays sik´ip – masikip (ma-) adj. tight, crowded, narrow, snug sikl´ ot n. a game of skill consisting of throwing up a given number of seeds (of sigay, small shells or small stones) and catching them with the back of the hand sikm´ ura’ n. stomach s´iko n. elbow siks´ik – sumiksik, magsiksik, isiksik (-um-, mag-: i-) v. to cram in, to force into, to crowd in. Huwag kang sumiksik sa akin. Don’t crowd me. sikul´ ate n. chocolate [var. tsokol´ ate] sidh´i’ – masidhi’ adj. assiduous, intensive sig´ a’ n. bonfire magsiga’, siga´ an (mag-:-an) to

sig´ ang build a bonfire. Magsiga ka na. Build a bonfire. sig´ ang – magsigang, sigang´in, isigang (mag-:in, i-) v. to cook with broth and condiments, to stew. Magsisigang ako ng sugpo sa Biernes. I’ll cook prawns on Friday. sigar´ilyas n. winged seguidillas beans sigar´ilyo n. cigarette • magsigarilyo (mag-) v. to smoke a cigarette. Bawal magsigarilyo dito. It’s prohibited to smoke here. sig´ asig n. assiduity, persistence s´iga-s´iga’ adj. showing-off as able to take it easy (with a feeling of security and pride), being such a show-off sig´ aw – sumigaw (-um-) v. to shout, to call out loud, to scream. Sumigaw ang pasyente sa sakit. The patient screamed in pain. isigaw (i-) v. to yell out something s´igay n. shells of small snails s´ige intj. go on, go ahead, proceed, continue • part. go on, proceed, continue. O sige. Okay then; well; okay; all right. Sige na. Come on. sigl´ a – masigla (ma-) adj. lively, enthusiastic sign´ os Sp n. fatal sign, fate s´igsag adj. zigzag sig´ undo Sp n. second (of time) sigur´ ado adj. sure, certain sig´ uro adv. maybe, perhaps, probably si´it n. branchlets of bamboo sil´ a pron. they sil´ ab n. blaze of burning garbage, fire, conflagration • silab´ an (-an) v. Silaban mo ang basura. Burn the garbage. sil´ ahis Sp n. rays of the sun breaking through the clouds sil´ ang n. mountain , narrow path along mountain sides Sil´ angan n. East, Orient sil´ at n. slit between strips of bamboo floor, break on the floor s´ilaw n. glare •

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simul´ a’ sil´ aw adj. dazzled masilaw (ma-) v. to be dazzled. Nasilaw siya sa salapi. He was dazzled by the money. silb´ ato n. whistle, sound of whistle or siren silb´i – magsilbi, isilbi (mag-:i-) v. to serve. Nagsisilbi na ang weyter. The waiter is serving already. s´ili n. pepper sil´id n. room, bedroom [var. kuw´ arto] sil´id-aral´ an n. classroom, study room sil´indro n. harmonica s´ilip – sumilip, manilip (-um-; mang-) v. to peep. Sumilip siya sa mikroskopyo. He peeped into the microscope. manilip, sil´ipin (mang-:-in) v. to peep at something s´ilo’ n. loop, lariat s´ilong n. basement, space below the house, ground floor s´ilya n. chair simb´ a – simbahan (-an) n. church sumimba, magsimba (-um-, mag) v. to go to church. Nagsisimba siya tuwing Linggo. He goes to church every Sunday. sim´ ento n. cement s´imi’ n. refuse or remnants of fish fallen on the dining table sim´ ot adj. picked up to the last grain or piece (from floor, soil, dish or container) entirely consumed, taken, or used • simut´in (-in) v. to scrape up. Sinimot niya ang natirang kanin sa pinggan. He scraped up all of the rice left on the plate. s´imoy n. breeze simp´ atika adj. charming s´imple Sp adj. simple sims´im n. trying the taste of something, slow enjoyment of something pleasant simul´ a’ n. beginning • magsimula’, simulan (mag-:-an)

simy´ento v. to start, to begin. Simulan mo na ang iyong trabaho. Start your work. simy´ ento n. concrete sin´ a mkr. plural focus marker of si, used before names of persons to mean ”and company”. sina Luis... Luis and his companions... s´inag n. rays or light (from sun, moon, stars, lamp), halo around heads of images of saints s´inat n. slight fever sinang´ ag n. fried rice • adj. fried sink´ aw – magsinkaw, isinkaw (mag-:i-) v. to harness. Ang magsasaka ay nagsisinkaw ng kalabaw. The farmer is harnessingthe carabao. sind´i – sumindi (-um-) v. to light up magsindi, sindih´ an, isindi (mag:-an, i-) v. to kindle, to light. Sindihan mo ang sigarilyo ko. Light my cigarette. s´ine n. movie theatre, cinema • magsine (mag-) v. (to see a) movie. Magsine tayo sa Sabado. Let’s see a movie this Saturday. sin´ elas n. slippers [var. tsinelas] sinib´ uyas n. bulb (plant) sinigw´ elas n. variety of plum s´ino int. who? sin´ ok n. hiccough, hiccup s´inop – masinop (ma-) adj. economical, thrifty, frugal, careful sins´ilyo Sp n. loose change sins´in – masinsin (ma-) adj. close sint´ a Mal n. love between man and woman, love of man for the diety, love for the country kasint´ ahan (ka-an) n. sweet-heart sint´ as Sp n. lace, lacing, shoestring sint´ido Sp n. the temples sint´ido kom´ un Sp n. common sense [var. sent´ido kom´ un] sint´ unis Sp n. term common in the Batangas area for Mandarin type or tangerine orange, native orange sintur´ on n. belt sin´ ulid n. thread

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s´ipi’ s´inuman pro. whoever [var. sino man] sinung´ aling adj. dishonest, liar • magsinungal´ing (mag-) v. to tell a lie or a falsehood. Nagsinungaling siya sa akin. He lied to me. sin´ u-sin´ o int. who (plural) sing´ a – suminga, isinga (-um-:i-) v. to expel mucus from the nose. Suminga ka. Blow your nose. Isinga mo ang sipon mo. Blow out the mucus from your nose. sing´ aw n. vapor, steam singkam´ as n. yam bean (native turnip) singk´ aw n. yoke • isingkaw (i-) v. to harness. Isingkaw mo ang mga kalabaw. Harness the carabaos. s´ingko Sp num. five singkuw´ enta Sp num. fifty, a native term for ”fifty centavos” is is´ ang salap´i singh´ al n. local vocal outburst of anger, angry snap sing´il n. price quoted, charge, collection of payment of debt • sumingil, singil´in (-um-:-in) v. to collect payment for s. Siningil niya ang mga may utang sa kaniya. He collected the debts of all those who owed him. s´ingit – sumingit (-um-) v. to stand in between, to cut into. Sumingit siya sa pila. He cut into the line. magsingit, isingit (mag-:i-) v. to insert in slits or chinks. Isingit mo ito sa unang talata. Insert this in the first paragraph. sings´ing n. ring s´ipa’ – sumipa’, manipa’, sip´ ain (-um-, mang-:-in) v. to kick. Nanipa ang kabayo. The horse kicked. s´ipag – masipag (ma-) adj. diligent, hard-working, industrious s´iper n. zipper s´ipi’ n. copy, number of issue sumipi’ (-um-) n. copy, to quote.

sip´ilyo Sumipi siya ng isang kawikaan sa Bibliya. He quoted a saying from the Bible. sip´ilyo n. brush, usually toothbrush magsipilyo, sipilyuh´in (mag-:-in) v. to brush (one’s teeth). Magsipilyo ka pagkatapos mong kumain. Brush your teeth after eating. s´iping – sumiping (-um-) v. to lie down beside, to place by the side. Sumiping si Dina sa akin. Dina laid down beside me. s´ipit n. tongs, pincers, chopsticks s´ipol Sp n. whistling, sound of whistling or of a siren • sumipol (-um-) v. to whistle. Sumisipol siya habang nagtratrabaho. He whistles while he works. sip´ on n. cold, catarrh sips´ip – sumipsip, sipsip´in (-um:in) v. to sip, to suck. Sumipsip siya sa iniinom ko. She sipped from my drink. s´ira’ n. a tear (as in clothing), a defect • sir´ a’ adj. destroyed, broken sumira’ (-um-) v. to destroy, to break, to rip, to tear. Sumira siya sa aming usapan. She broke our verbal agreement. manira’, sir´ ain (mang-:-in) v. Huwag mong sirain ang laruan. Don’t break the toy. s´irko Sp n. circus, acrobatics sir´ ena Sp n. mermaid, siren, foghorn sis´ ante Sp adj. dismissed from office masisante (ma-) v. to be fired, to lose one’s job magsisante, sisanteh´in (mag-:-in) v. to fire (someone), to dismiss from the office. Magtrabaho kang mabuti para huwag kang sisantehin. Work hardso you won’t get fired. s´isi – magsisi (mag-) v. to repent, to regret. Baka magsisi ka lang. You might just regret it. manisi, sis´ihin (mang-:-in) v. to lay the blame on someone. Sisihin

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sorb´etes mo si Bert sa nangyari. Blame Bert for what happened. s´isid n. diving head first into the water, swimming under water • sumisid, sis´irin (-um:-in) v. to swim underwater. Sumisid siya sa dagat. He dove into the sea. sisidl´ an n. comparatively small covered container (from sil´id) sis´il n. brush (native) s´isiw n. chick sist´ e – masiste (ma-) adj. entertaining, full of jokes s´itaw n. string beans or longbean s´itsaro n. snow pea, pea pod sitsar´ on n. pork rind, cracklings (pork) sitsir´ika n. Madagascar periwinkle sits´it Ch n. gossip, the sound of a call: ‘pssst’ s´iwang n. slit, crevice, space of a small opening (as of window or door) siy´ a pron. he/she siy´ am num. nine siyans´i n. kitchen turner (spatula) [var. siyans´e ] siy´ anga’ (+ba) adv. really, honestly, is that so? [syn. talag´ a] siy´ empre adv. always, of course, surely, naturally. Siyempre, tama ka. Of course, you are right. siy´ ense n. spatula siy´ ete Sp num. seven siy´ opaw Sp n. steamed rice cake with meat and condiments inside siyud´ ad n. city s´ obra adj/adv. in excess of s´ obre Sp n. envelope s´ olo n. single, alone adj. solo, alone, solitary • magsolo (mag-) v. to be by oneself, to be alone. Magsolo ka na lang sa kuwarto. Just stay alone in the room. solom´ilyo n. tenderloin sombr´ ero Sp n. hat [var. sumbr´ero, sumbl´ero, sumbal´ilo] sop´ a n. sofa, couch s´ opas Sp n. soup

sosy´al sorb´ etes n. ice cream sosy´ al adj. social, friendly sotangh´ on n. transparent bean noodle, long rice st´ epin n. slippers su! intj. shoo! Sound used for driving away fowls or animals. sub´ ali’t conj. but, less common than ng´ uni’t and d´ atapwa’t sub´ asta Sp n. auction • magsubasta, isubasta (mag-:i-) v. to sell or offer for sale at auction. Isusubasta nila ang kanilang kasangkapan. They’ll auction their furniture. subayb´ ay n. attentive and careful observation made by following up the progress of the objective s´ ubo’ – sumubo’, isubo’ (-um:i-) v. to get into trouble. Sumubo siya sa gulo. He got into trouble. magsubo’, isubo’ (mag-:i-) v. to feed or put food into the mouth. Isubo mo ito sa bata. Put this into the child’s mouth. s´ ubok – magsubok, sub´ ukin (mag-:-in) v. to try, to test. Subukin mong magsalita ng Tagalog. Try to speak in Tagalog. manubok (mang-) v. to spy on. Gusto mo bang manubok sa ginagawa ng mga dayuhan? Do you like to spy on the activities of the foreigners? subs´ ob – sumubsob (-um-) v. to fall on the face. Sumubsob siya sa pagmamadali. He fell on his face when he was rushing. magsubsob, isubsob (mag-:i-) v. to get intensely involved. Isubsob mo ang sarili mo sa iyong ginagawa. Involve yourself intensely in what you’re doing. s´ uka’ n. vinegar s´ uka n. vomit • sumuka, isuka (-um:i-) v. to vomit, to throw up. Sumuka siya kanina. He vomitted a little while ago. magsuk´ a (mag-) v. Baka magsuka ka. You might vomit.

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s´ ukob s´ ukal n. dirt, refuse s´ ukat – sukat´ an (-an) n. a measure • p.v. fitting, right. Hindi mo sukat ikagalit. It is not right for you to get angry. • sumukat, suk´ atin (-um-:-in) v. to measure, to try on. Sukatin mo ang haba ng kuwarto. Measure the length of the room. magsukat, isukat (mag-:i-) v. Isukat mo ang bagong damit. Try on the new dress. sukb´it – magsukbit, isukbit (mag-:i-) v. to let something hang from the waistline, to hook on to one’s belt skirt, or tros. Isukbit mo ang itak. Let the bolo hang from your side. s´ uki’ n. customer of long standing sukl´ am n. aversion, repugnance, loathing, disgust • masuklam (ma-) v. to be disgusted. Nasuklam ako sa ginawa niya. I got disgusted at what he did. sukl´ ay n. comb • magsuklay, suklay´in (mag-:-in) v. to comb the hair. Magsuklay ka. Comb your hair. Suklayin mo ang buhok ng bata. Comb the child’s hair. sukl´i’ n. change (from a purchase) • magsukli’, isukli’ (mag-:i-) v. to change money. Isukli mo itong diyes sa bata. Give this ten cents change to the child. sukl´ ob – magsuklob, isuklob (mag-:i-) v. to cover completely, to cover with encasing around the sides. Isuklob mo ito nang hindi ka mabasa ng ulan. Use this for a cover so you won’t get wet from the rain. s´ uko’ – sumuko’ (-um-) v. to surrender, to give up, to succumb. Sumuko ang kriminal. The criminal surrendered. isuko (i-) v. to give up or surrender something. Isuko mo ang baril na ginamit mo. Give up the gun that you used.

suks´ok s´ ukob – sumukob (-um-) v. to share a cover or shelter (e.g. umbrella). Sumukob si Rosita sa payong ko. Rosita shared my umbrella. magsukob, isukob (mag-:i-) v. Isukob mo ang bata sa payong mo. Let the child share your umbrella. suks´ ok – magsuksok, isuksok (mag-:i-) v. to insert in between layers, to keep away, to push down in a container. Isuksok mo ang natirang pera. Set aside the money that’s left. s´ uga – magsuga, isuga (mag-:i-) v. to tether. Isuga mo ang kabayo. Tether the horse. sug´ al n. gambling, any game (usually a game of cards) that involves a bet or wager sugalan (-an) n. gambling den • magsugal (mag-) v. to gamble. Huwag kang magsugal. Don’t gamble. sugap´ a’ adj. inveterate drunkard who reels around habitually when drunk sugar´ ol n. gambler s´ ugat n. wound • sumugat (-um-) v. to hurt. Sumugat sa kanyang damdamin ang alaala ng lumipas. His feelings became hurt in ing the past. magsugat (mag-) v. to develop into a wound. Baka magsugat iyan sa kakakamot mo. That might develop into a wound from scratching it. manugat, sug´ atan (mang-:-an) v. to inflict pain Sugbu´ anon n. the Cebuano language [var. Sugbuh´ anon, Sibuh´ anon, Sebw´ ano] sugp´ ong n. connection, juncture, t, welding s´ ugo’ n. representative s´ ugod – sumugod, manugod, sug´ urin (-um-, mang:-in) v. to advance or rush into a forward attack. Sumugod ang mga kaaway. The enemies rushed in together in

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suls´ol an attack. sugp´ o’ – sumugpo’ (-um-) v. to suppress or check the progress of something developing, swelling, or rising manugpo’, sugpu´in (mang-:-in) v. Sugpuin natin ang kasamaan. Let’s stop (the progress of) evil. sugp´ o’ n. prawn s´ uha’ n. pomelo suh´i’ adj. born in abnormal position (i.e. feet first) s´ uhol n. bribery • magsuhol, isuhol (mag-:i-) v. to bribe. Huwag kang magsuhol. Don’t bribe. manuhol (mang-) v. Nanuhol ang dayuhan. The alien engaged in bribery. sul´ ar Sp n. small fenced lot with plants and trees, usually surrounding a residence s´ ulat n. letter • sumulat (-um-) v. to write. Sumulat si Tony sa akin. Tony wrote to me. magsul´ at, sul´ atin, isulat (mag:-in, i-) v. to write. Isulat mo ang tula sa pisara. Write the poem on the blackboard. sul´ o’ n. torch s´ ulok n. corner (of room) s´ ulong! intj. go ahead, go away!, push forward, scram • isulong (i-) v. to push forward. Isulong mo ang kariton. Push the cart forward. suls´i – magsulsi (mag-) v. to mend clothes. Nagsulsi kami ng mga sirang damit kahapon. We mended the torn dresses yesterday. manulsi, sulsih´ an (mang-:-an) v. to mend. Sulsihan mo ang medyas ko. Mend my socks. suls´ ol – manulsol, sumulsol, sulsul´ an (mang-,-um-:-an) v. to prod, to incite someone to do something usually not good, to instigate. Nanulsol siya sa mga manggagawa.

suly´ ap He incited the laborers. suly´ ap – sumulyap (-um-) v. to glance, to give a side-glance. Sumulyap siya sa aking ginagawa. He gave a side-glance at what I was doing. s´ uma – magsuma, sumah´in (mag:-in) v. to sum up. Sumahin mo ang ating nagasta. Add up our expenditures. s´ uman n. native rice cake wrapped in banana or palm leaves sumb´ at – manumbat (mang-) v. to upbraid. Nanumbat ang prinsipal kahapon. The principal upbraided people yesterday. sumb´ ong – magsumbong, isumbong (mag-:i-) v. to accuse, to tell, to complain about. Nagsumbong ang bata sa kanyang ina. The child turned tattle tale to his mother. Isumbong mo sa kanyang ama ang mga kalukohan niya. Tell his father what nonsense he has done. sumbr´ ero n. hat [var. sombr´ero] sump´ a’ – sumumpa’ (-um-) v. to promise, to make an oath, to curse. Sumumpa kang mamahalin mo ako habambuhay. Promise to love me for as long as I live. sumpa´in (-in) v. to curse a person. Huwag mo akong sumpain. Don’t curse me. sump´it n. blow gun sump´ ong – sumpung´in (-in) adj. moody sund´ alo n. soldier sund´ o’ – manundo’, sundu´in (mang-:-in) v. to fetch a person, to by a person, to meet. Sinundo namin si Tessie kahapon. We went by and picked up Tessie yesterday. sund´ ot – manundot, sumundot, sundut´in (mang-,-um-:-in) v. to poke (with the point of a finger, stick, spear or the like). Sinundot niya ng lapis ang lobo. He poked the balloon with a pencil. sun´ od – masun´ urin (ma-:-in) adj.

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su´ ot obedient • sumunod, sund´in (-um-:-in) v. to follow, to obey. Sumunod ka sa iyong magulang. Follow/obey your parents. isunod (i-) v. to follow with something left behind for someone. s´ unog n. a fire • sun´ ugin (-in) v. to set on fire, to burn. Sinunog ng mga manggagawa ang tubuhan. The workers burned the sugarcane field. s´ unong – magsunong, sun´ ungin, isunong (mag-:-in, i) v. to carry on the head. Sunungin mo ang isang bilaong puto. Carry the tray of rice cakes on your head. sunt´ ok – sumuntok (-um-) v. to box, to hit with the fist. Sumuntok ang lasing ng mga tao. The drunken man hit the people. manuntok, suntuk´in (mang-:-in) v. to box, to hit with the fist. Sinuntok niya ang dingding sa galit. He banged his fist against the wall in anger. s´ ungay n. horn(s) of an animal sungk´ a’ n. native game sungk´i’ Ch n. acute angled corner, abnormal tooth growth sungk´it – sumungkit (-um-) v. to pick fruit by means of a hook attached to the end of a pole manungkit, sungkit´in (mang-:-in) v. to pick fruit by means of a hook attached to the end of a pole. Sungkitin natin ang mga hinog na prutas. Let’s get the ripe fruit from the tree by means of a pole. sungg´ ab – sumunggab, manunggab, sunggab´ an (-um-, mang-:-an) v. to grab, to grasp, to clutch, to seize with the hands. Sumunggab ang mga bata ng mga prutas. The children grabbed the fruits. s´ ungit – masungit (ma-) adj. illtempered, short-tempered, sulky, irritable su´ ot n. refers to clothes worn by a

sup´a person • sumuot (-um-) v. to go inside or to go through. Sumuot sila sa isang madilim na kuweba. They entered a dark cave. magsuot, isuot (mag-:i-) v. to wear an apparel. Magsuot ka ng magandang damit. Wear an attractive dress. Isuot mo ang bago mong damit. Wear your new dress. sup´ a Sp n. sofa supalp´ al n. something covering the mouth, something forced into the mouth superbis´ or n. supervisor superintind´ ente n. superintendent supl´ ado/a adj. conceited (masculine/feminine) suplem´ ento Sp n. supplement supl´ing n. sprout, shoots sup´ ok adj. carbonized s´ upot n. small bag, a paper bag, pouch s´ uri’ – sumuri’ (-um-) v. to analyze, to examine magsuri’, sur´iin (mag-:-in) v. to analyze, to examine, to diagnose. Sinuri ng doktor ang kanyang pasyente. The doctor examined his patient. s´ urot n. bedbug surt´ido Sp adj. assorted sus! intj. an exclamation of surprise or disapproval, abbreviation for Hes´ us, Jesus s´ usi’ n. key • sus´ian (-an) v. to lock. Susian mo ang iyong aparador. Lock your cabinet. sus´ o’ n. snail s´ uso n. breast • sumuso, sus´ uhin (-um-:-in) v. to suck milk, to nurse. Sumuso ang bata sa ina. The child was nursed by his mother. sus´ on n. second layer, reinforcing layer • magkasuson (magka-) adj. one layer over another

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s´ uyo’ suspend´ido Sp adj. suspended sust´ ento n. allowance, • magsustento, sustentuh´ an, sustentuh´in (mag-:-an, -in) v. to , to finance. Nagsusustento si Nonong sa kanyang kapatid. Nonong is ing his brother (or sister). Sustentuhan mo ang aking pag-aaral. me in my studies. sut´il adj. stubborn, disobedient sutl´ a’ n. silk suts´ ot – sumutsot (-um-) v. sssst!, a sibilant sound produced to call someone or to urge silence. Sumutsot ang dalaga. The young girl called with a hissing sound. suw´ abe adj. soft, smooth, mild, gentle suw´ ag – sumuwag, manuwag, suwag´in (-um-, ma-:-in) v. to butt with the horns. Sinuwag ng kalabaw ang magsasaka. The carabao butted the farmer with his horns. suwa´il adj. rebellious, disobedient, insolent suw´ ay – sumuway, suway´in (-um:-in) v. to disobey, to violate, to go against, to go against the wishes of somebody. Sumuway si Edna sa kanyang magulang. Edna went against her parents. Sinuway niya ang utos ng magulang niya. She disobeyed her parent’s wishes. suw´ elas Sp n. sole (of footwear) suw´ eldo n. pay, salary, wage • sumueldo (-um-) v. to receive one’s pay or salary. Sumuweldo ako kahapon. I got paid yesterday. magsuweldo, isuweldo (mag-:i-) v. to pay one’s salary suw´ erte Sp n. luck, good luck, good fortune suw´i Mal n. shoot (of plants, as bananas) suw´itik adj. tricky, crafty, cunning, knavish, sly suy´ a’ adj. fed up s´ uyo’ – manuyo’, suy´ uin (mang-:-

s´ uyod

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in) v. to win one’s affection. Nanuyo si Remigio kay Tessie. Remigio tried to win Tessie’s affection. s´ uyod n. lice comb, fine toothed comb, farmer’s harrow • magsuyod, suy´ urin (mag-:-in) v. to comb one’s hair with a fine nit comb, to catch lice, to harrow the soil, to make an intensive search in a place. Magsuyod ka at baka may kuto ka. Comb your hair with a fine tooth comb because you might have lice. sw´ eter n. sweater sw´ipistik n. sweepstakes

T ta´ al adj. genuine, legitimate, native, inborn, innate ta´ an – magtaan, itaan (mag-:i-) v. to reserve, to save for other people for some future time. Magtaan ka ng pagkain para mamayang gabi. Set aside food for this evening. Itaan mo ito para bukas. Save this for tomorrow. ta´ as n. height kata´ asan (ka-an) n. upland adj. high, tall, height, altitude, superiority • tuma´ as (-um-) v. to become higher or taller. Tumaas si Angel. Angel has gotten taller. magtaas, itaas (mag-:i-) v. to put up, to carry up a height, to hoist. Itaas mo ang ating bandila. Raise our flag. tab´ a’ adj. stout, fat • tumaba’ (-um-) v. to become stout tab´ ak Mal n. cutlass tab´ ako n. cigar t´ aban n. holder or (so as to keep something in position) tab´ ang – matabang (ma-) adj. bland, tasteless, lack of seasoning or spices t´ abas n. a cut for a dress •

tabing´i’ magtabas, tumabas, tab´ asin (mag-:-um-in) v. to cut the design or according to a design or pattern, as of cloth, paper, etc. Tumabas ako ng damit kagabi. I cut a dress last night for sewing. tab´ as – magtabas, tumabas, tabas´in (mag-:-um-:-in) v. to cut down plant growth by hacking away. Tabasin mo ang mga matataas na damo sa hardin. Cut the tall grasses in the garden. tab´i n. side, brim, border adv. beside, by the side of • magtabi, itabi (mag-:-i) v. to save up, to store. Magtabi ka ng pagkain para bukas. Store food for tomorrow. tab´i – tumabi (-um-) v. to stand beside or aside, to get out of the way, to go to the side of. Tumabi si Belen sa akin. Belen came beside me. magtabi, itabi (mag-:i-) v. to keep away something for future use. Itabi mo ang kaunting salapi para sa hinaharap. Set aside some money for the future. tab´ike Sp n. partition wall t´ abig – mangtabig, tab´igin (mang-:-in) v. to shove violently with the elbow. Tinabig ng lasing ang baso. The drunken man pushed the glass aside violently with his elbow. tab´il n. glibness of tongue, talkativeness • matabil (ma-) adj. talkative tumabil (-um-) v. to become talkative. Tumatabil na ang sanggol. The baby is already becoming talkative. t´ abing n. screen, covering screen tab´ing-d´ agat n. beach, seashore tabing´i’ adj. not symmetrical, disproportional, unbalanced • tumabingi’ (-um-) v. to be or to become unsymmetrical, to become crooked. Tumabingi ang nakasabit na litrato. The picture hanging on the wall became crooked.

tabl´a itabingi’, tabingi´in (i-,-in) v. to make unsymmetrical tabl´ a n. wood board, lumber tabl´ etas Sp n. tablet (med) t´ abo’ n. a dipper, scoop, usually a coconut shell or an empty can • magtabo’, tumabo’, tab´ uin (mag:-um-:-in) v. to scoop water with a coconut shell or an empty can, to use a dipper or a coconut shell or an empty can. Tumabo siya ng tubig sa tapayan. He scooped out water from the earthen jar. t´ abon – matab´ unan (ma-:-an) v. to be covered with. Natabunan siya ng buhangin. He was covered with sand. magtabon, itabon, tab´ unan (mag-:i-:-an) to cover with earth or soil. Tabunan mo ng lupa ang siga. Cover the bonfire with soil. tab´ oy n. statement, onition or shout given to urge or drive a person to go away, or do something that should be done right away or earlier. magtaboy, itaboy (mag-:i-) v. to drive away, to drive out of. Itaboy mo ang mga baboy na nasa halamanan. Drive the pigs out of the garden. t´ abing n. curtain, screen t´ akal – takal´ an (-an) n. a measure magtakal, tumakal, tak´ alin (mag-:-um-:-in) v. to measure by volume of liquids, grains or powder. Magtakal ka ng bigas. Measure the uncooked rice. t´ akas – tumakas (-um-) v. to escape, to run away. Tumakas ang bilanggo. The prisoner escaped. magtakas, itakas (mag-:i-) v. to run away with something. Itakas mo ang mga alahas na nakatago. Run away with the jewelry. t´ akaw – matakaw (ma-) adj. greedy, voracious, gluttonous takb´ o – tumakbo (-um-) v. to run. Tumakbo siya nang matulin. He ran rapidly. magtakbo, itakbo (mag-:i-) v. to

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tady´ ak run with something takd´ a’ n. limitation, determination or fixing of time, provision (of rule, ordinance or law) tak´ilya Sp n. ticket booth, ticket office takily´ era n. ticket girl (in theatres) tak´ip n. cover • magtakip, takip´ an (mag-:-an) v. to cover. Nagtakip siya ng kaniyang mga mata. He covered his eyes. Takipan mo ang ulam. Put a cover on the food (main dish). tak´ip-s´ilim n. twilight, sunset takl´ ob – magtaklob, itaklob, taklub´ an (mag-:i-:-an) v. to cover, usually provided with overlapping sides, to put one side over the other as in a sandwich. Itaklob mo itong kumot. Use the blanket for a cover. Takluban mo ng lona ang binilad na palay. Cover the dried rice grains with a canvas. tak´ ong Sp n. shoe or boot heel t´ akot n. fear, fright • nakakatakot (nakaka-) adj. frightening, formidable matakot (ma-) v. to be frightened, scared or afraid. Natakot siya sa nakita niya. He was afraid of what he saw. mantakot, tak´ utin (mang-:-in) v. to frighten, to scare. Takutin natin si Vida mamayang gabi. Let’s frighten Vida later this evening. t´ aksi n. taxi, cab taks´il adj. treacherous, unfaithful takw´il – magtakwil, itakwil (mag:i-) v. to disown, to deny, to repudiate. Baka itakwil ka ng iyong ama. You might be disowned by your father. tadh´ ana’ n. nature, fate tadt´ ad – magtadtad, tadtar´in (mag-:-in) v. to chop to pieces. Magtadtad ka ng sibuyas. Chop the onions into small pieces. Tadtarin mo ang karne. Chop the meat. tady´ ak – tumadyak (-um-) v. to

tady´ ang kick backwards, to kick violently. Tumadyak ang kabayo. The horse kicked back violently. mangtadyak, tadyak´ an (mang:-an) to kick. Tadyakan kita riyan, nakita mo. I’ll kick you...you’ll see. tady´ ang n. ribs, spareribs t´ ae n. excreta • tumae, itae (-um-:i-) v. to defecate, to have a bowel movement. Tumae ang bata sa sala. The child had a bowel movement in the living room. magta´ e (mag-) v. to have diarrhea. Baka magtae ka sa sobra mong kinain. You might get diarrhea from overeating. tag´ a’ – managa’, taga´in (mang-:in) v. to hack with a cutting instrument. Tagain mo ang mga panggatong. Hack/chop the firewood. aff. a noun-forming prefix meaning ‘native of’ or ‘coming from’; with verb roots, it means ‘regular performer of’ tagakt´ ak n. rapid dropping (of tears or sweat) • tumagaktak (-um-) v. to perspire profusely or to cry with tears falling rapidly. Tumatagaktak ang kanyang luha kapag siya’y nasaktan. Her tears are falling profusely when she gets hurt. tag´ al – matagal (ma-) adj. late, that takes a long time, for a long period of time • tumagal (-um-) v. to endure, to withstand. Tumagal siya sa hirap. He withstood the hardship. magtagal (mag-) v. to take a long time, to stay long. Huwag kang magtagal. Don’t be long. tag´ a-tangg´ ap n. receiver tagh´ oy n. lament, lamentation tagikt´ik n. light sound of consecutive drops, ticking of clocks and watches tagih´ awat n. pimples tagil´id adj. tilted, tipped to one side, inclined • tumag´ilid v. to become tilt, to

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tah´imik become slanted, to become lopsided. Tumagilid ang bahay dahil sa lindol. The house became lopsided because of the earthquake. magtagil´id, itag´ilid (mag-:i-) to tilt, to slant. Itagilid mo ang mesa. Tilt the table. tagil´iran n. side taglam´ig n. cold season, winter (from lam´ig) tagl´ ay – magtaglay, taglay´in (mag-:-in) v. to bear, to possess. Nagtataglay si Amalia ng pambihirang kagandahan. Amalia possesses extraordinary beauty. t´ ago’ – magtago’, itago’ (mag-:i) v. to keep, to hide, to put away. Nagtago si Maria sa hiya. Maria hid from shame. Itago mo ang natirang pagkain. Put away the leftover food. tag´ os – tumagos, tagus´ an (um-:-an) v. to penetrate, reach through a whole width, thickness or length. Tumagos ang lanseta sa kanyang katawan. The pocket-knife penetrated his body. tagp´i’ n. patch, patching (of cloth) to cover a tear or break tagp´ o’ – magtagpo’, tagpu´in (mag-:-in) v. to meet, to agree to meet, to meet each other. Magtagpo tayo bukas sa paaralan. Let’s meet each other at school tomorrow. Tagpuin mo ako sa opisina. Meet me at the office. tag-ul´ an n. rainy or wet season tagump´ ay n. victory t´ ahan – magtahan, tumahan (mag-:-um-) to cease or stop crying. Tumahan ang bata sa pag-iyak. The child stopped crying. tah´ anan n. home tah´i’ – tumahi’ (-um-) v. to sew. Tumahi si Kelly ng damit ko. Kelly sewed my dress. manahi’, tahi´in (mang-:-in) v. to sew. Nanahi ako kagabi. I sewed last night. Tahiin mo ang damit ng bata. Sew the child’s dress.

tah´ip tah´imik adj. quiet, peaceful, tranquil tah´ip n. up and down movement of rice grains being winnowed on a flat basket, rapid palpitation or throbbing (of heartbeat) • tumahip (-um-) v. to beat rapidly (heart). Tumahip ang dibdib ni Marta dahil sa takot. Marta’s heart beat rapidly because of fear. magtahip, tahip´in (mag-:-in) v. winnow (cereals) tah´ o n. Chinese mongo bean jelly or meal with syrup sold by Chinese peddlers, bean curd tah´ ol – tumahol (-um-) v. to bark. Tumahol ang aso. The dog barked. tah´ ong n. salt water mussel, a species of clam t´ ahuri Ch n. fermented salted soybean curd taimt´im – mataimtim (ma-) adj. sincere ta´inga n. ear t´ ala’ n. bright star tal´ ab – tumalab (-um-) v. to cut through, to be effective, i.e. medicine, instruction, etc. Tumalab din ang pangaral mo. Your advice was effective. talab´ a n. oyster talak´itok n. cavalla, a species of fish talag´ a adv. truly, really, honestly [syn. siyang´ a’ ] tal´ ahib n. a species of tall grass talamp´ akan n. sole of foot, a foot long [syn. piy´e ] talangk´ a’ n. small crab t´ alas – matalas (ma-) adj. sharp, acute t´ ali’ n/qnt. a bundle (tied with a string) • magtali’, itali’ (mag-:i-) v. to tie. Itali mo ang aso. Tie the dog. talik´ od – tumalikod (-um-) v. to turn one’s back to, to renounce, to forsake. Tumalikod siya sa kanyang sinabi. She renounced her statement. tal´ilong n. mullet (immature)

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t´ ama ka na tal´im – matalim (ma-) adj. sharp tal´ino – matalino (ma-) adj. intelligent, wise, sharp t´ aling n. mole talingh´ aga’ n. allegory, figure of speech, metaphor [var. talinh´ aga’ ] talipap´ a’ n. fish-market with temporary stalls under flat sheds t´ alo adj. defeated, beaten, sured matalo (ma-) v. to be defeated, to lose. Natalo sila sa basketbol. They lost the basketball game. mangtalo, tal´ unin (mang-:-in) v. to defeat, to sur, to win over. Baka talunin ka ni Juan. John might defeat you. tal´ on n. waterfall t´ alon – tumalon, talun´in (-um-:in) v. to jump, to leap. Tumalon si Linda. Linda jumped. Tinalon niya ang kanal. He jumped over the canal. t´ along n. eggplant t´ alop n. act of peeling • adj. peeled, decorticated tal´ os adj. comprehended, perfectly understood tal´ ukab n. carapace (of crabs) tal´ ukap n. sheath of palm leaves or banana stalk, eyelid talukb´ ong n. head covering tal´ ulot n. petals of flowers talump´ ati n. speech • magtalumpati (mag-) v. to give a speech. Nagtalumpati ang senador. The senator gave a speech. taly´ asi’ n. vat, medium-sized iron vat (for cooking) taly´ er Sp n. mill, factory, workshop t´ ama’ adj. correct, right, true tumama’ (-um-) to hit the mark, to be right or correct. Tumama sa ulo niya ang bola. The ball hit him right on the head. magtama’, itama’ (mag-:-i) v. to put correctly tam´ ak adj. impregnated t´ ama ka na an expression which is a mild or affectionate way of saying,

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‘Oh, stop it ’or ‘Oh, shut up’ tam´ ad adj. lazy, idle, indolent tamb´ ak n. a heap, a pile, filler (soil) magtambak, itambak (mag-:i-) v. to pile, to dump into, to fill up with rubbish, earth or stones. Itambak mo ang mga basura sa isang tabi. Pile the garbage in one corner. tamb´ ad adj. exposed to view tamb´ al – magtambal (mag-) v. to pair up, to be billed together. Nagtambal ang dalawang sikat na artista. The two famous film stars paired up/billed together (in a film). itambal (i-) v. to pair. Itambal mo si Tessie kay Remigio. Pair Tessie with Remigio. tamb´ an n. herring tamb´ o’ n. soft broom tamb´ ol n. drum • magtambol, itambol (mag-:i-) v. to drum, to pound as a drum. Magtambol ka. Beat the drum. tamb´ uli’ n. bugle made of horn tam´is n. sweetness • matamis (ma-) adj. sweet (food) n. sweets, desserts tam´ o – magtamo, itamo (mag-:i-) v. to obtain, to acquire, to be awarded. Nagtamo si Jose ng isang karangalan. Joe attained an honor. tamp´ al – manampal, tampal´in (mang-:-in) v. to slap with the hand [var. samp´ al ]. Baka tampalin ka niya. He might slap you. tampal´ asan adj. wicked, perverse, destructive [syn. buh´ ong, imb´i, wal´ ang-pakund´ angan, suwa´il ] tamp´ipi’ n. chest or trunk made of palm leaves tampis´ aw – magtampisaw (mag-) to wade in the water. Nagtampisaw kami sa tabing dagat. We waded in the seashore. tamp´ o – magtampo (mag-) v. to sulk. Nagtampo si Dolores. Dolores sulked. t´ anan – magtanan, itanan (mag-

tan´ ong

:i-) v. to elope, to elope with. Nagtanan sina Celia at Romy. Celia and Romy eloped. Itanan mo ang iyong kasintahan. Elope with your sweetheart. tan´ aw – tan´ awin (-in) n. scenery, landscape, view • matanaw, tumanaw, tanaw´in (mang-:-um-:-in) v. to look. Tumanaw ka sa dakong silangan. View the easterly direction. Tanawin mo ang dagat at bundok. View the ocean and the mountain. tand´ a n. mark or sign tand´ a’ n. age • tumanda’ (-um-) v. to age, to get older. Tumanda agad ang presidente. The president aged quickly. tand´ a – magtanda, tanda´ an (mag-:-an) v. to , to retain. Tandaan mo ang sinabi ko. Mark my words. Uli-uli magtanda ka. Next time learn from your experience. tand´ ang n. rooster tanikal´ a’ n. chain tan´im n. plants • magtanim, itanim (mag-:i-) v. to plant. Nagtanim kami ng kamote sa bakuran. We planted sweet potatoes in the backyard. Itanim mo ang mustasa. Plant the mustard. t´ aning n. a time limit • magtaning, tan´ingan (mag-:-an) v. to give a time limit. Ang guro ay nagtaning sa kanya na gawin ang kanyang proyekto hanggang sa isang linggo. The teacher gave him a time limit to do his project until next week. t´ anod n. sentinel, guard tan´ ong n. a question • magtanong, tanung´in, itanong (mag-:-in, i-) v. to ask, to question, to inquire. Nagtanong siya sa akin. He asked me. Itanong mo sa kanya kung anong oras magsisimula ang miting. Ask him what time the meeting will start. Tinanong niya

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ako kung ako’y masipag. He asked me if I am industrious. tans´ o’ n. copper tant´ o’ n. realized tany´ ag adj. popular, known, famous tang´ a adj. stupid, ignorant, idiot t´ angan – tumangan (-um-) v. to hold on, to hold onto. Tumangan ka sa akin. Hold on to me. magtangan, tang´ anan (mag-:-an) v. to hold in hand, to hold onto. Tanganan mo ang iyong kapatid. Hold onto your brother (sister). tang´ ay adj. carried away (by seizure, force, mouth) tangk´ a’ – magtangka’, tangka´in (mag-:-in) v. to premeditate, to plan, to intend. Nagtangka siyang magpakamatay. He planned to commit suicide. Baka tangkain niyang ako ay patayin. He might plan to kill me. tangk´ ad – matangkad (ma-) adj. tall and slender of stature tangk´ al n. cage of chickens tangk´ e n. tank tangg´ al – magtanggal, tanggal´in (mag-:-in) v. to unfasten, to dismantle, to remove, to take off. Nagtanggal si Rosita ng sapatos niya. Rosita took off her shoes. Tinanggal ni Nita ang kanyang salamin. Nita took off her glasses. tangg´ ap – tumanggap, tanggap´in (-um-:-in) v. to receive, to accept, to it. Tumanggap ako ng sulat kahapon. I got a letter yesterday. Tanggapin mo ang aking pakikiramay. Accept my condolence. tangg´ apan n. office tangg´i’ – tumanggi’, tanggih´ an (um-:-an) v. to refuse, to deny. Tumanggi ako sa alok niya. I refused his offer. Tinanggihan ko ang mga bintang niya. I refused his accusations. t´ anggo n. tango (dance) tangg´ ol n. defense • magtanggol, itanggol (mag-:i-) v. to defend

t´ apa

ipagtanggol (ipag-) v. to defend. Ipagtanggol mo ang inyong bayan. Defend your country. tangh´ al – tangh´ alan (-an) n. place where the show or program is exhibited adj. exalted, prominent • magtanghal, tanghal´in (mag-:-in) v. to exalt, to exhibit. Tatanghalin sa isang linggo ang bagong pelikula. The new film will be exhibited next week. tangh´ ali’ adj. late (time), not early adv. late, high noon, midday • tanghal´ian (-an) n. lunch, noon meal • mananghal´i (mang-) v. to have lunch. Nananghali ka na ba? Did you have lunch already? t´ angi’ adj. special, favorite, one and only tang´ o’ – tumango’, itango’ (-um:i-) v. to nod, to say yes. Tumango siya. He nodded. Itango mo ang iyong ulo. Nod your head. t´ angos n. (Geog) cape, promontory, peninsula t´ angos n. prominence (physically, as of nose or forehead), high-bridged nose • matangos (ma-) adj. high-bridged nose t´ ao n. person Tao po’ ! a phrase used by a caller to announce his presence at the entrance of a home. (Lit. There is a person here.) ta´ ob – tumaob (-um-) v. to capsize, to put face down, to overturn. Tumaob ang bangka. The canoe turned over. magtaob, itaob (mag-:i-) v. to capsize, to put face down, to overturn. Itaob mo ang mga plato. Turn the plates over. ta´ on n. year ta´ ong n/quan. kerosene can (appoximately five gallon) t´ aong-b´ ahay n. housekeeper, housewife

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t´ apa n. jerked beef or pork, dried meat t´ apak – tumapak, tap´ akan (-um:-an) v. to tread on, to lay the foot on, to step on. Tapakan mo ito. Step on this. magtap´ ak (mag-) v. to go barefoot. Magtapak tayo bukas. Let’s go barefoot tomorrow. t´ apal – magtapal, itapal (mag-:i-) v. to patch, to apply. Itapal mo ito kung masakit ang iyong ulo. Apply this if your head aches. t´ apang – matapang (ma-) adj. brave, courageous tap´ at n. the place in front, that which is across adv. in front of • tumapat (-um-) v. to stand in front of. Tumapat si Pedro sa akin. Pedro stood in front of me. magtapat, itapat (mag-: i-) v. to put directly in front. Itapat mo ang mesa ko kay Alma. Put my table in front of Alma. tap´ at – matapat (ma-) adj. honest, truthful, sincere, loyal • magtapat (mag-) v. to tell the truth, to be frank, sincere, honest. Magtapat ka sa akin. Tell me the truth. tap´ ayan n. large earthen jar for water storage tap´ ete n. tablecloth t´ api’ n. a piece of cloth usually wrapped around the body or wrapped from the waist down. • magtapi’, itapi’ (mag-: i-) v. to wrap a piece of cloth around the body. Itapi mo ang tuwalya. Wrap the towel around yourself. tapiy´ oka n. tapioca tap´ on n. cork, stopper, plug t´ apon – tumapon (-um) v. to be spilled. Tumapon ang gatas. The milk got spilled. magtapon, itapon (mag-: i-) v. to throw away, to cart aside something. Nagtapon ako ng basura kagabi. I threw the garbage last night. Itapon

tat´ ag

mo ang mga hindi mo kailangan. Throw out what you don’t need. t´ apos n. ending, conclusion adv. afterwards • magtap´ os (mag-) v. to graduate. Nagtapos ako sa Dalubhasang Normal ng Pilipinas. I graduated from Philippine Normal College. tap´ usin (-in) v. to finish. Tapusin mo ang ipinagagawa ko sa iyo. Finish what I’ve asked you to do. tapy´ as n. facet (as on a precious stone) resulting from shipping or shaping • adj. chipped, trimmed tarab´ aho n. work [var. trab´ aho] t´ arak n. knife or dagger sticking out with a sharp end embedded • nakatarak (naka-) adj. plunged in as of a dagger itarak (i-) v. to stab with (a knife or dagger) tar´ akan (-an) v. to stab (a person or animal) with a knife or dagger. Tatarakan ni Virgilio ang baboy. Virgilio will stab the pig. tarant´ ado Sp adj. a person with misdirected acts tar´ ang n. stamping of feet (in pain or anger) tarangk´ a Sp n. bar or closing-peg across a door or window [var. trangk´ a] tarh´ eta Sp n. calling or visiting card tartan´ilya Sp n. round-top two wheeled horse-drawn carriage t´ asa n. cup tast´ as adj. unstitched, detached, ripped • magtastas, tastas´in (mag-:-in) v. to rip what has been sewn. Tastasin mo ang tahi ng damit. Rip the sewing of the dress. tat´ ak n. imprint, stamp, seal, mark, trademark tat´ ag – matatag adj. stable, solvent tat´ ag – magtatag, itatag (mag-:i-) v. to found, to organize, to establish. Nagtatag si Cres ng isang samahan.

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Cres organized a club. tat´ as – matatas (ma-) adj. fluent t´ atay n. father (term of address and reference) tatl´ o num. three tats´ ulok n. triangle tat´ u Eng n. tattoo [var. tat´ o] t´ awa – tumawa (-um-) v. to laugh. Tumawa si Rogelio nang malakas. Roger laughed loudly. magtawa (mag-) v. to laugh continuously t´ awad n. a discount, reduction in price • tumawad, taw´ arin, itawad, taw´ aran (-um-:-in: i-:-an) v. to bargain, to ask for a discount. Tumawad ako. I bargained. Tawaran mo ng uno singkuwenta. Try to buy it for one fifty. t´ awag – tumawag, taw´ agin (-um:-in) v. to call. Tumawag ang tatay mo kanina. Your father called a few minutes ago. Tawagin mo si Ernesto. Call Ernesto. magtaw´ ag (mag-) v. to call. Magtawag ka ng makakasama sa atin. Call (the people) that can go with us. t´ awas n. alum taw´id n. crossing, act of crossing or going across (a street, river, stretch of country) • tumawid, tawir´in, itawid (-um-:in: i-) v. to take across, to help someone cross the street. Itawid mo ang bulag. Help the blind man across the street. taws´i’ Ch n. beans preserved in soy sauce tay´ a’ n. the ‘it’ in a game • tumaya’ (-um-) v. to wager, to bet on. Tumaya kami sa kabayong itim. We bet on the black horse. magtaya’, itaya’ (mag-:i-) v. to wager, to bet. Itaya mo ang lahat ng iyong salapi. Bet all the money you have. tay´ o’ – tumayo’ (-um-) v. to stand,

t´ibo’

to build, to let stand. Tumayo ka Pedro. Stand up Pedro. magtayo’, itayo’ (mag-:i-) v. to stand, to construct, to build, to let stand. Nagtayo sila ng bahay. They built a house. Itayo mo ang halaman. Straighten up the plant. t´ ayo pron. we (inclusive, you and I or you, I and others) t´ ayog – matayog (ma-) adj. high, altitude, elevation t´ aypis Eng n. typist t´ eka part. an expression which means ‘just a minute’ or ‘by the way’, derived from hintay ka t´ ela n. cloth, clothing material teleb´isyon n. television, television set telegr´ ama n. telegram, cable tel´ epono n. telephone temperat´ ura n. temperature t´ ena part. an expression which means ‘let’s go’ or ‘come on’, a contraction of t´ ayo na t´ enis Eng n. tennis tentasy´ on Sp n. temptation [var. temtasy´ on] teny´ ente Sp n. lieutenant [var. tinint´e, tiny´ente] t´ enga n. ear, originally pronounced ta´inga or t´ aynga tengang-dag´ a’ n. dried black mushroom ter´ible Sp n. terrible t´ ermos Sp n. thermos bottle t´ erno n. woman’s native costume with butterfly sleeves, formal attire (see s´ aya) tesur´ ero/a n. treasurer (masculine/feminine) [var. tesor´ero] t´ etano Sp n. tetanus ti´ anak n. folkloric elf or goblin [var. tiy´ anak ] t´ibay – matibay (ma-) adj. durable, sturdy, lasting tib´i n. constipation, costiveness t´ibo’ n. splinter of glass • matibo’ (ma-) v. be splintered by glass. Natibo ang kanyang daliri. His

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104

finger was splintered by glass. tib´ ok – tumibok (-um-) v. to throb, to pulsate, to beat. Tumibok ang kanyang puso nang nakita niya ang kanyang mahal. Her heart beat fast when she saw her lover. t´iket n. ticket tik´im – tumikim, tikm´ an (-um-:an) v. to taste, to sample food. Tumikim si Loly sa niluluto ko. Loly tasted my cooking. Tikman mo itong adobo. Taste this adobo. tik´is adv. on purpose, intentionally tikl´ing n. rail bird with long legs tikl´ op n. fold • tumiklop (-um-) v. to fold magtiklop, tiklup´in (mag-:-in) v. to fold. Tiklupin mo ang mga kumot. Fold the blankets. tikt´ik n. spy tig´ ang adj. extremely dry (soil) tig´ as – matigas (ma-) adj. hard, tough, tenacious tigd´ as n. measles tig´ib adj. filled, overburdened, overloaded t´igil – tumigil (-um-) v. to stop, to discontinue, to suspend. Tumigil si Rosy sa kanyang pag-aaral. Rosy stopped her studies. magtigil, itigil (mag-:i-) v. to stop, to discontiue, to suspend. Itigil ang makina. Stop the machine. tigm´ ak adj. soaked, drenched, thoroughly immersed t´igre Sp adj. tiger tih´ aya’ – tumihaya’ (-um-) v. to lie with face or ventral side up, to lie on one’s back. Tumihaya siya pagkatapos kumain. He lay on his back after eating. magtihaya’, itihaya’ (mag-:i-) v. to lie with face or ventral side up tih´ eras n. cot ti´is – magtiis, tiis´in (mag-:-in) v. to bear, to suffer, to endure. Nagtiis siya ng katakut-takot na hirap. He endured a great deal of hardship. Tiisin mo ang hapdi. Endure the sting-

tind´i

ing pain. t´ila’ adj. ended, ceased til´ ad n. small pieces or bits (from cutting or chopping) tilams´ik n. splash (of water), spark (of fire, especially from the forge) til´ aok n. crowing of rooster tilap´iya n. tilapia til´i’ n. sudden shrill cry (from fright or pain), the cry of the deer. t´ilin n. clitoris tim´ awa’ n. freeman, emancipated slave timb´ a’ n. pail, bucket timb´ ang n. weights • tumimbang, timbang´in (-um-:in) v. to weigh. Timbangin mo ang mga dadalhin ko. Weigh what I’m going to carry. magtimbang (mag-) v. to weigh. Nagtimbang kami kahapon. We weighed (ourselves) yesterday. t´imog n. south timpl´ a Sp n. ingredients added or mixed to fill a prescription (in drug stores), seasoning (in cooking), mixture timpl´ ado Sp adj. moderate, tempered timp´i’ – matimpi’ (ma-) adj. constant, faithful timp´i’ – magtimpi’, timpih´in (mag-:-in) v. to control oneself. Magtimpi ka. Control yourself. timt´im – matimtiman (ma-an) adj. constant, faithful t´ina’ n. dye, indigo tinap´ a n. smoked fish tin´ apay n. bread tind´ a n. goods for sale, merchandise tind´ ahan (-an) n. store • magtinda, itinda (mag-:i-) v. to sell. Nagtinda si Nenita ng kamatis. Nenita sold tomatoes. Itinda mo ang puto. Sell the rice cake. tind´ ero/a n. storekeeper, shopowner (masculine / feminine) tind´i n. ponderousness, intensity,

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105

gravity, heaviness • matindi (ma-) adj. grave, intense ponderous, heavy tind´ig – tumindig (-um-) v. to stand up. Tumindig ka. Stand up. magtindig, itindig (mag-:i-) v. to put in an upright position. Itindig mo ang plorera. Stand the flower vase up. tin´ik n. thorn, fishbone • matinik (ma-) adj. thorny tinikl´ing n. a native dance in which the dancer steps in and out of two clapping bamboo poles tinid´ or n. fork t´inig n. voice [syn. b´ oses] tin´ o’ – matino’ (ma-) adj. sane, full of common sense, sensible t´inta n. ink tint´ ura Sp n. tincture tiny´ ente n. lieutenant ting´ a Ch n. foreign matter lodged between the teeth tingal´ a’ adj. with face looking upward • patingala’ (pa-) adv. looking upward, with face or front in the upward position. tingk´ ad – matingkad (ma-) adj. bright (colored) tingg´ a’ n. lead, tin ting´i’ Ch n. selling or sold at retail ting´in – tumingin, tingn´ an (-um:-an) v. to look at, to view. Tumingin ka sa kaliwa. Look at the left. Tingnan mo ang langit. Look at the sky. tingt´ing n. stickbroom, ribs of palms tip´ ak – tumipak (-um-) v. to hit, win a fortune. Tumipak sina Delfin sa karera. Delfin and his group made a fortune off the race. magtipak, tipakin (mag-:-in) v. to chop off a piece or portion of matter. Tipakin mo ang isang bloke ng yelo. Chop off a block of ice. tipakl´ ong n. species of grasshopper tip´id – matipid (ma-) adj. econom-

t´itser

ical, thrifty, frugal • magtipid, tipirin (mag-:-in) v. to use economically, to be thrifty. Magtipid tayo. Let’s spend our money carefully. t´ipon – magtipon, tipunin (mag-:in) v. to collect, to gather together, to store away. Tipunin mo ang mga lumang selyo. Gather the old stamps together. tir´ a – nakatira (naka-) adj. staying at, residing in • tumira (-um-) v. to reside, to dwell. Tumira ako sa kalye Merced. I lived on Merced Street. tir´ a n. leftover, reminder • magtira, itira (mag-:i-) v. to set aside, as food, for someone. Nagtira ako ng makakain para kay Mona. I left some food for Mona to eat. Itira mo ang pritong isda kay Judy. Leave some of the fried fish for Judy. tirad´ or Sp n. Y-slingshot tir´ ante Sp n. suspenders, reins t´irik – tumirik (-um-) v. to look straight upward, as in a state of delirium. Tumirik ang mata ng naghihingalong matanda. The delirious old man’s eyes rolled back in his head. magtirik, itirik (mag-:i-) v. to set upright (as of candles). Nagtitirik kami ng kandila sa nitso tuwing Todos Los Santos. We set up candles on the tomb every All Saints Day. tirint´ as Sp n. braid, pigtail [var. trint´ as] tir´is Sp n. crushing (of lice between thumbnails) t´isa’ Sp n. roof tile, chalk t´isis Sp n. tuberculosis [var. TB ] t´iti’ n. penis t´itik n. letter of alphabet or abakada, writing, handwriting, penmanship t´itig – tumitig (-um-) v. to stare at. Tumitig siya sa akin. He stared at me. t´itser n. teacher [syn. gur´ o’,

t´itulo

106

m´estro/a (masculine/feminine)] t´itulo Sp n. title, degree (academic), torrens title (for land ownership) t´iwa n. intestinal worm tiwak´ al – magtiwakal (mag-) v. to commit suicide. Nagtiwakal ang babae sa pamamagitan nang pagtalon sa ilog. The woman committed suicide by jumping into the river. tiw´ ala’ n. trust, faith, hope • magtiwala’ (mag-) v. to have trust or confidence in someone. Magtiwala ka sa akin. Trust me. tiwal´ ag – tumiwalag, itiwalag (um- : i-) v. to dismiss, to expel, to remove from. Itiwalag mo si Ruben sa ating grupo. Expel Ruben from our group. tiwangw´ ang – nakatiwangwang (naka-) adj. widely open, totally exposed (to wind and sun) tiwar´ik adj. upside down, head down, feet up tiwas´ ay adj. tranquil tiy´ a n. aunt (term of address and reference) tiy´ ak adj. specific, direct, to the point tiyag´ a’ – matiyaga’ (ma-) adj. constant, patient, persevering tiy´ an n. stomach, belly tiy´ ani’ n. tweezers tiy´ empo Sp n. timing, cadence, rhythm (specially in music) • matiyempo, tiyempuh´ an, matiyempuh´ an (ma-:-an : ma-an) v. to find or do something at the precise moment. Tiyempuhan mong narito siya. Do something when he is here. tiy´ o Sp n. uncle (term of address and reference) tokad´ or Sp n. ladies dressing table with large mirror, a dresser [var. tukad´ or ] tok´ ayo Sp n. namesake, person having the same first name as self [var. tuk´ ayo] t´ okwa Ch n. pressed soybean curd

ts´iko

t´ odo Sp adj. all t´ oga Sp n. academic gown, judicial robe, cap and gown (for graduation) t´ oge n. bean sprouts, mongo shoot t´ olda Sp n. canvas (cloth), tent t´ ono Sp n. tone, tune t´ onsil Lat n. tonsil topograp´iya Sp n. topography torn´ilyo Sp n. screw t´ oro Sp n. bull t´ orpe Sp adj. dull, stupid t´ orta Sp n. omelet toto´ o adj. true, as an expression, it means ‘Honestly?; Really?’ [syn. talag´ a, siyang´ a’ ] t´ otoy n. appellation for a small boy t´ otso Ch n. sauteed fish with t´ ahuri (soybean curd) t´ oyo’ n. soy sauce trab´ aho n. work, job, occupation • magtrabaho, trabah´ uhin (mag:-in) v. to work. Magtrabaho tayo hanggang alas nuwebe ng gabi. Let’s work until nine at night. tr´ ak n. truck [var. tar´ ak ] trakt´ or Eng n. tractor tr´ ahe Sp n. suit of clothes trans´istor Eng n. transistor radio tr´ ansper Eng n. transfer trangk´ aso Sp n. grippe, influenza tr´ apo Sp n. cleaning rag, rag tr´ ato Sp n. agreement, contract tray´ anggulo Sp adj. triangle, triangular trays´ikel Eng n. tricycle, pedicab tre´inta Sp adj. thirty [var. tr´enta] tr´ en n. train tr´ es Sp num. three tr´igo Sp n. wheat tr´ ono Sp n. throne tr´ opa Sp n. troop tsa/tsa´ a Ch n. tea tsamp´ aka Sp n. white or orange champaka tsampur´ ado Sp n. chocolateflavored porridge ts´ apa Sp n. badge ts´ aperon Eng n. chaperon ts´ eke Sp n. a bank check

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107

ts´iko n. chico tsin´ elas Sp n. slippers tsip Eng n. chief ts´ismis n. gossip tsism´ oso/a Sp adj. tale-bearing person, a gossip, tattletail (masculine/feminine) tsok Eng n. chalk ts´ oke Sp n. impact, collision • magtsoke (mag-) v. to collide. Nagtsoke ang dalawang kotse. The two cars collided. tsokol´ ate Sp n. chocolate adj. brown [syn. kap´e, kuyumangg´i] ts´ onggo n. monkey tsup´ er Fr n. driver of a motor vehicle, chauffeur tsupl´ ado/a adj. snobbish, haughty (masculine/feminine) T-syert n. T-shirt tub´ a’ n. native drink, palm sap tub´ ero n. plumber t´ ubig n. water tub´ o n. sugarcane t´ ubo’ n. gain, profit, benefit • tumubo’ (-um-) v. to grow (plants). Tumubo ang itinanim kong rosas. The roses I planted grew. magtubo’ (mag-) v. to gain, profit, earn interest, to grow. Nagtubo ang pera ko sa bangko. My money in the bank earned interest. tub´ os – mangtubos, tubus´in (mang-:-in) v. to redeem. Tubusin mo ang isinangla kong relo. Redeem the watch that I pawned. tub´ o – tubuh´ an (-an) n. sugarcane plantation or field tuk´ a’ n. bill of a fowl, peck • tumuka’, tuka´in (-um:-in) v. to peck. Tinuka ng ibon ang bayabas. The bird pecked at the guava. mangtuka’(manuka’), tuka´in (mang-:-in) v. to peck tukl´ ap – magtuklap, tuklap´in (mag-:-in) v. to detach, to remove the skin or covering, to pry. Tuklapin mo ang balat ng sampalok. Remove the covering on the tamarind.

tul´ig

t´ ukod n. prop tuks´ o – mangtukso (manukso), tuksuh´in (mang-:-in) v. to tease, to joke, to jest, to tempt. Baka manukso sila. They might tease. Tuksuhin natin si Vicky. Let’s tease Vicky. tukt´ ok n. tap, knock, top, tip, peak (of head), mountain peak tug´ on n. answer tugt´ og – tumugtog, tugtug´in (-um:-in) v. to play music, to play on an instrument. Tumugtog ang banda ng mabilis na musika. The band played fast music. Tugtugin mo sa piyano ang ’Dahil sa Iyo’. Play ’Dahil sa Iyo’ on the piano. t´ uhod n. knee t´ uhog – magtuhog, tuh´ ugin; ituhog (mag-:-in, i-) v. to string together, to thread. Magtuhog kayo ng bulaklak. String flowers together. Tuhugin mo ang mga bulaklak. String the flowers together. tul´ a’ n. poem • tumula’ (-um-) v. to recite a poem. Tumula si Daniel sa programa. Daniel recited a poem in the program. t´ ulak – tumulak (-um-) v. to leave by boat, to depart by boat. Tumulak na ang barko noong kami ay dumating. The boat departed when we came. magtulak, itulak (mag-:i-) v. to shove, to push. Nagtulak kami ng kotse ni Roger. We pushed Roger’s car. Itulak mo ang kariton. Push the cart. t´ ulad adj. same as, similar to, like that of tulal´ a’ adj. stupid, ignorant tul´ ay n. bridge tuld´ ok n. period mark t´ uli’ Ch n. circumcision adj. (tul´i’) circumcised tul´ig adj. stunned, bewildered, stupefied, deafened • matulig (ma-) v. to be deafened by

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108

noise. Natulig siya sa iyak ng bata. She was deafened by the crying of the baby. t´ ulin – matulin (ma-) adj. fast, swift, rapid tul´ingan n. tuna tul´is – matulis (ma-) adj. sharppointed tulis´ an n. highwayman, brigand t´ ulo’ – tumulo’ (-um-) v. to drip. Tumulo ang gripo. The faucet dripped. tul´ og adj. asleep, sluggisk t´ ulog – matulog (ma-) v. to sleep, to go to bed. Matulog ka nang maaga. Go to bed early. t´ ulong – tumulong (-um-) v. to help, to aid. Tumulong ka sa mga nangangailangan. Help those who are in need. tul´ ungan (-an) v. to help. Tulungan mo siya. Help her. t´ umag n/adj. dunce, dolt, blockhead t´ umal n. slowness or dullness (in sales or market activity) • matumal (ma-) adj. slow in sales tum´ ana’ n. wide, level highland (above water level) tumb´ a – tumumba (-um-) v. to fall down, to topple, to tumble. Tumumba ang kahoy sa lakas ng hangin. The tree fell down due to the strong wind. magtumba, itumba (mag-: i-) v. to cause something to tumble or to be overturned or upset, to push over. Itumba mo ang mga bote. Push the bottles over (on their sides). tumbal´ik adj. inverted, upside down, reverse tumb´ as – katumbas (ka-) adj. equal • tumumbas, tumbas´ an (-um:-an) v. to equal, to counterbalance, to match. Tumbasan mo ang kanyang itinaya. Match his bet. tumb´ ok adj. hit right smack on (center or near center), i.e. a bull’s

tungk´ ulin

eye hit • matumbok (ma-) v. to be hit. Natumbok ng kotse ang bata. The boy was hit by the car. tumb´ ong n. rectum tump´ ak adj. correct, right, proper tum´ or Sp n. tumor tump´ ok n. a heap, a pile, usually serving as a unit of measure for tomatoes garlic, shrimps etc. • magtumpok, itumpok (mag-: i-) v. to make a heap or pile, to pile up. Nagtumpok siya ng mga panggatong. He piled up the firewood. Itumpok mo ang mga kamatis. Pile up the tomatoes. tun´ aw adj. melted, liquefied t´ unaw – matunaw (ma-) v. to melt. Natunaw ang yelo. The ice melted. magtunaw, tun´ awin (mag-:-in) v. to melt, to dissolve, to digest. Tunawin mo ang gulaman. Melt the gelatin. t´ unay adj. genuine, true, real tun´ og n. sound, noise adj. resounding, alert tuns´ oy n. adult fimbriated herring tunt´ ong – tumuntong (-um-) v. to step on, to tread on. Tumuntong ka sa batong iyon. Step on that stone. tunt´ ong n. pot cover made of clay tungang´ a’ – nakatunganga’ (naka-) adj. open-mouthed, as when one is curious or surprised tungk´ od n. cane, a walking stick, a staff • magtungkod, itungkod (mag-:i-) v. to walk with a cane. Nagtungkod ang matanda. The old man walked with a cane. tungk´ ol prep. (+ sa) regarding, about, referring to, concerning. Tungkol sa kanilang usap... About their conversation... tungk´ os n. something wrapped, specially in cloth or leaves, bouquet (of flowers), bundle (of leaves, sticks, vegetables).

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109

tungk´ ulin n. duty, obligation tungg´ a’ – tumungga’, tungga´in (um:-in) v. to drink in gulps (drinking wine). Tinungga ni Berting ang alak. Bert gulped down the wine. t´ ungo – tumungo (-um-) v. to go to magtungo (mag-) v. to go. Nagtungo kami sa aklatan. We went to the library. tung´ o – tumungo (-um-) v. to bow. Tumungo siya. He bowed his head. itungo (i-) v. to bow one’s head. Itungo mo ang iyong ulo. Bow your head. tu´ os – magtuos, tuus´in (mag-:-in) v. to make an ing of, to settle differences. Magtuos tayo ng ating gastos. Let’s make an ing of ourexpenditures. Tuusin natin ang pinamili. Let’s settle our s on what we bought. t´ upa n. sheep tup´ ad – tumupad, tupar´in (-um-:in) v. to comply with, to accomplish what is required or agreed upon. Tumupad si Tonio sa kanyang mga pangako. Tonio complied with his promises. Tuparin mo ang sinabi mo. Comply with what you said. tup´ ada Sp n. picnic, illegal cockfighting tup´i’ n. fold, plait tupok adj. completely burned, burnt to ashes tur´ista Sp n. tourist turn´ilyo Sp n. screw t´ urno Sp n. turn, alternation t´ uro’ – magturo’, ituro’ (mag-:i-) v. to teach, to point to, to point at. Nagturo ako ng sayaw sa mga trainees. I taught a dance to the trainees. Ituro mo ang gusto mo. Teach whatever you like. Point to whatever you like. tur´ ok – magturok, turuk´ an (mag:-an) v. to be pierced (by a pointed instrument, as a pin, needle or the like).

tuw´ alya

magturok, iturok (mag-:i-) v. to pierce (with a needle), to give hypodermic injection. Ang duktor ay nagturok ng anti-tetanus sa aking kapatid. The doctor gave my sister an anti-tetanus injection yesterday. tur´ on n. fritters in lumpiy´ a’ (egg roll) wrapper turump´ o n. toy top tus´ino n. bacon t´ uso adj. shrewd, astute, cunning t´ usok n. piercing or perforating with a pointed object tust´ ado adj. toasted tust´ os – magtustos, itustos (mag:i-) v. to financially (e.g., sending someone to school,giving some kind of allowance or pension, regular ). Nagtustos ako sa pag-aaral ng kapatid ko. I ed my brother’s (sister’s) studies. tut´ a’ n. puppy t´ uto – matuto (ma-) v. to learn, to become skillful. Matuto kang magsalita ng Tagalog. Learn to speak Tagalog. t´ utok n. direction of a point or the business end of a weapon. • tut´ ukan (-an) v. to stick up (as in a holdup). Tinutukan niya ako ng baril. He held me up (with a gun). t´ utol n. objection, protest • tumutol (-um-) v. to object, to protest, to disagree. Tumutol ang guro sa balak ng mga estudyante. The teacher disagreed with the students’ plan. tut´ ong n. burnt rice sticking to the bottom of the pot tuts´ ang Ch n. short hair on a woman’s head tutub´i n. dragonfly tutul´i n. ear wax tuw´ a’ n. joy, pleasure, gladness • matuwa’ (ma-) v. to become glad, to be pleased, to be joyful, to be amused. Natuwa ang nanay ko sa aking grado. My mother was pleased with my grades.

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110

tuw´ alya n. towel tuw´i’ adv. every, each time, always • conj. whenever tuw´i conj. (+ ng) whenever, everytime. Tuwing umaga... Every morning... tuw´id – matuwid (ma-) adj. straight, direct, correct to the point tumuwid (-um-) v. to become straight, to straighten out. Tumuwid ang bakal. The iron straightened out. magtuwid, tuwir´in, ituwid (mag-:-in,i-) v. to straighten, to straighten out. Ituwid mo ang alambre. Straighten out the wire. tuy´ a’ – manuya’ (ma-) v. to be sarcastic. Nanuya na naman si Gina. Gina became sarcastic again. mangtuya’ (mang-) v. to be sarcastic or ironical tuya´in (-in) v. to ridicule. Tinuya ng komentarista ang opisyal ng pamahalaan. The commentator ridiculed the officials of the government. tuy´ o’ n. dried herring or fish tuy´ o’ adj. (tuy´ ot) dry, extremely dry, dehydrated, dried • matuyo’ (ma-) v. to dry. Natuyo na ang mga linabhan. The clothes that were washed are dry now. magtuyo’, tuyu´in (mag-:-in) v. to dry up tuy´ ot adj. extremely dry

U u ´ban n. gray hair u ´bas n. grapes u ´bi n. yam ub´ o n. cough • umubo, ubuh´in (-um-:-in-) v. to cough. Umubo ang bata. The child coughed. Baka ubuhin ka. You might start to cough. u ´bod n. soft pith of palm, path of coconut trunk

ug-´ og

u ´bos – ub´ usin (in-) v. to consume, to eat up, to finish off. Inubos namin ang ulam. We finished off the main dish. uk´ a’ adj. dent, hollowed out u ´kit – mag-ukit, uk´itin (mag-:-in) v. to carve, to engrave as in sculpture. Ukitin mo ang mukha ni Susana sa kahoy. Carve Susana’s face in wood. u ´kol n. what the thing is intended for, what is proper for something else ukup´ ado Sp adj. occupied, taken, busy udy´ ok – mag-udyok, udyuk´ an (mag-:-an) v. to induce, to incite, to prod. Udyukan mo si Joseng bumili ng telebisyon. Prod Jose into buying a television. mang-udyok (mang-) v. to induce. Nang-udyuk si Luisa na biruin si Berto. Berto was inducing people to tease Bert. u ´ga’ – umuga’ (-um-) v. to shake. Umuga ang bahay dahil sa lindol. The house shook because of the earthquake. mag-uga’, ug´ ain, iuga’ (mag-:-in, i-) v. to shake something. Ugain mo ang mesa. Shake the table. ug´ ali’ n. custom, habit, ways ug´ at n. root, vein, (malaking ugat artery) ugn´ ay – kaugnay, ugn´ ayan (ka-:an) n. connection, relation • kaugnay (ka-) adj. connected, related (to each other) mag-ugnay (mag-) v. to relate, to connect ug´ ok adj. stupid, silly ug´ od-ug´ od adj. extremely weak or feeble due to sickness or old age [var. u ´ugod-ug´ od ] ug-´ og – umug-og (-um-) v. to shake, vibrate mag-ugog, ug-ug´in (mag-:-in) v. to shake (a tree or the like) so that fruits (or contents) should fall out. Ug-ugin mo ang punong bayabas

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111

kasi maraming hinog na bunga. Shake the guava tree for it has many ripe fruits. ug´ oy – mag-ugoy, uguy´in, i-ugoy (mag-:-in, i-) v. to swing as done to cradles or swings, to rock. Iugoy mo ang duyan. Rock the cradle. uh´ ales n. button hole u ´haw n. thirst • mauhaw (ma-) v. to become thirsty. Nauhaw ako sa init ng panahon. The hot weather made me thirsty. uh´ awin (-in) v. to be thirsty u ´hog n. mucous from nose u ´lam n. main dish of a meal (viand as used in the Philippines). ul´ an n. rain • maulan (ma-) adj. rainy umulan, ulan´in (-um-:-in) v. to rain. Umulan kaninang umaga. It rained this morning. ul´ ang n. lobster u ´lap n. cloud, fog, mist • maulap (ma-) adj. cloudy u ´lat n. report, reckoning given, explanation ul´ ayaw – pag-uulayaw (pag-) n. keeping together in pleasant and intimate companionship kaulayaw (ka-) n. one’s pleasant or intimate companion or friend ul´i’ adv. again, once more. Nahulog siya uli. He fell again. mag-uli’, iuli’ (mag-:i-) v. to revert to a former state. Nag-uli siya sa kanyang masamang ugali. He reverted to his bad habit. uli´ anin adj. forgetful (due to senility), absent-minded ul´ila n. orphan u ´ling n. charcoal uli-´ uli n. whirlpool ul´i/ul´it adv. again, once more • um´ ulit (-um-) v. to repeat, to renew the action mag-´ ulit, ul´itin (mag-:-in) v. to repeat something. Nag-ulit kami ng sayaw. We repeated the dance.

ungk´ at

Ulitin mo ang ginawa mo. Do your work over again. ulir´ at n. consciousness, sense u ´lo n. head ul´ ol adj. crazy, foolish, fool, mad u ´lsera Sp n. ulcer [var. u ´lser ] u ´ltimo Sp adj. last, final ulup´ ong n. poisonous snake um´ aga n. morning umpis´ a – mag-umpisa, umpisah´ an (mag-:-an) v. to start, to begin. Nag-umpisa ang program nang maaga. The program began early. Umpisahan mo na ang dapat mong gawin. Start what you’re supposed to do. ump´ og – maumpog (ma-) v. to bump one’s head against something hard unintentionally. Naumpog ang bata sa mesa. The child bumped his head on the table. mang-umpog, umpug´in (mang-:in) v. to bump one’s head against another intentionally or deliberately iumpog (i-) v. to bump another’s head against something hard. u ´na Sp num. first, prior, earliest • mauna (ma-) v. to go ahead, to go first. Mauna ka na. You go ahead. u ´nan n. pillow un´ at adj. straightened out, stretched out • mag-unat, unatin, iunat (mag:-in, i-) v. to stretch, to straighten or smooth out, to press, to iron. Nag-unat siya pagkagising kanina. He stretched when he woke up. un´ awa’ – maunawa´in (ma-in) adj. understanding • umunawa’, unaw´ ain (-um-:-in) v. to understand, to grasp mentally, to get the idea of. Unawain niyo ang nilalaman ng kuwento. Get the central idea of the story. unibersid´ ad Sp n. university u ´niko Sp adj. only, sole, the only one unip´ orme Sp n. uniform ungk´ at – mag-ungkat, ungkat´in

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112

(mag-:-in) v. to bring up again. Ungkatin mo ang pinag-usapan kahapon. Bring up what was being talked about yesterday. mang-ungkat (mang-) ungg´ oy n. monkey u ´no Sp num. one Sp un´ os n. thunderstorm unt´ og n. head bump [var. ump´ og] u ´ngal n. howl, cry of cattle in pain, hunger or anger u ´ngol n. grumble, growl u ´od n. worm u ´pa n. rent, payment for work done, wages, renumeration • umupa, up´ ahan (-um-:-an) v. to rent. Umupa kami ng kotse noong isang linggo. We rented a car last week. Upahan mo ang bahay nina Edna. Rent Edna’s house. u ´pang conj. in order to, so that. ...upang mananghali. ...in order to eat lunch. ...upang siya’y malibang. ...so that he may be cheered. u ´po n. white squash, bottle gourd up´ o’ – umupo’ (-um-) v. to sit down, to sit on. Umupo kami sa bato. We sat on a rock. maupo’ (ma-) v. to sit down. Maupo ka. Sit down. mag-upo’, iupo’ (mag-:i-) v. to lay something in a sitting position up´ os n. cigarette stub or butt adj. consumed, down to the butt (as candles, cigarettes, cigars), submerged urbanid´ ad Sp n. good manners u ´ri n. kind, type, class, classification u ´rong – umurong (-um-) v. to step back, to retreat. Umurong ang mga kalaban. The enemies retreated. mag-urong (mag-) v. to take away the dishes from the table iurong (i-) v. to move. Iurong mo ang mesa sa tabi. Move the table back to the side. us´ a n. deer u ´sad n. brief movement along the floor by dragging the buttocks u ´sap – mag-usap (mag-) v. to talk

u ´tos

with another, to converse. Mag-usap tayo nang masinsinan. Let’s talk heart to heart. usb´ ong – umusbong (-um-) v. to sprout, to grow. Umusbong na ang munggo. The monggo beans sprouted. mag-usbong (mag-) v. to develop u ´sig n. persecution, assiduous inquiry • us´igin (-in) v. to inquire, interrogate. Inusig ng abogado ang nasasakdal. The lawyer interrogated the accused. us´isa’ – mag-usisa’, usis´ ain (mag-:-in) v. to inquire. Usisain mo si Florencio tungkol sa nangyari. Inquire from Florencio about what happened. usl´i’ adj. protruding, projecting u ´so n. vogue, style • mauso (ma-) v. to be in vogue. Nauso na naman ang mahabang damit. The long dress is in vogue again. u ´sok n. fume, smoke umusok (-um-) to smoke, to give off fumes. Umusok ang kalan. The stove smoked. us-os n. slipping, sliding down u ´tak n. brain ut´ al adj. stammering u ´tang n. debt • umutang (-um-) v. to owe somebody a debt or an , to borrow, to ask for a loan. Umutang ka kay Fina. Borrow money from Fina. mangutang, utang´in (mang-:-in) v. to get on credit. Nangutang ako sa tindahan. I got credit from the store. u ´tang na lo´ ob n. an expression which means ’a debt of gratitude’. ut´ as – mautas (ma-) v. to have ended or terminated, consummated. Nautas din ang kriminal. The criminal’s life came at last to an end. ut´ ong n. nipple u ´tos n. order, command •

ut´ ot

113

mag-utos, iutos, ut´ usan (mag-:i,an) v. to command, to give an order. Nag-utos ang sarhento sa mga sundalo. The sergeant gave orders to the soldiers. Utusan mo si Sabel sa palengke. Send Sabel to the market (to buy something) utus´ an (-an) n. houseboy, servant, helper, maid ut´ ot n. break wind, fart uto-ut´ o’ adj. foolish, silly, gullible uw´ ak n. crow uw´ ang n. coconut beetle uw´i’ – umuwi’ (-um-) v. to return home. Umuwi ka agad. Go home (as) early (as possible). mag-uwi’, iuwi’ (mag-:i-) v. to take something home. Mag-uwi ka ng makakain. Bring home something to eat. Iuwi mo na ang bata. Take the child home. uy! intj. say! (an expression of iration), wow!

W wak´ as adj. end, conclusion • magwakas, wakas´ an (mag-:-an) v. to end, the final end, to conclude. Nagwakas na ang pinakikinggan kong drama. The drama I was listening to ended. Wakasan mo na ang iyong talumpati. Finish your speech. waks´i – iwaksi (i-) v. to get rid of something by jerking away the hand, foot or body, to renounce. Huwag mo akong iwaksi. Don’t renounce me. wakw´ ak adj. ripped or torn violently (disclosing inner structures). wag´ as adj. pure, sincere, genuine, endless, unfeigned, true wag´i’ – magwagi’ (mag-) v. to attain victory, to triumph. Nagwagi ang aking kandidato. My candidate won. wagl´it – mawaglit (ma-) v. to be misplaced or mislaid. Baka mawaglit

wal´is

na naman ang relos mo. Your watch might get misplaced again. wagw´ ag n. a species of rice grain, first class rice • n. wag, a wagging motion • magwagwag, iwagwag (mag-:i-) v. to dry (wet cloth) by shaking up, to shake the dust off (clothes, floor rugs, etc.), to clean (cloth) of dust, soap suds by shaking in water without rubbing. Iwagwag mo ang mga damit sa labas. Shake the dust off the clothes outside. wal´ a’ part. not any, absent, nothing • p v. there is none • mawala’ (ma-) v. to be lost (missing), to disappear. Nawala ang pitaka ni Henry. Henry’s wallet was lost. wal´ ang anum´ an intj. you’re welcome, not at all wal´ ang-b´isa’ adj. void, ineffective wal´ ang-hangg´ an adj. everlasting, eternal walanghiy´ a’ adj. shameless wal´ ang lam´ an adj. empty wal´ ang-muw´ ang adj. without sense or understanding, ignorant, innocent wal´ ang-pakund´ angan adj. irreverent, disrespectful w´ alang-pahint´ ulot adj. without permission wal´ ang t´ awad an expression in sales meaning ‘fixed price’ (literally speaking, no discount/no bargain) wal´ ang-tig´il adj. without stopping w´ alay – hiwal´ ay (hi-) adj. separated w´ alay – iwalay v. to separate from, to wean (a baby) from the mother’s breast. Iwalay mo si Totoy at malaki na. Wean Totoy because he’s already grown-up. w´ alet Eng n. wallet wal´is n. broom • magwalis, walis´in (mag-:-in) v. to sweep (with a broom). Magwalis ka ng bahay. Sweep the house. Walisin

wal´ o

114

mo ang dumi sa balkon. Sweep up the dirt on the balcony. wal´ o num. eight War´ ay n. familiar reference to Samar-Leyte language or the people who speak it was´ ak – magwasak, was´ akin (mag-:-in) v. to destroy completely, to tear down. Wasakin mo ang pintuan. Smash down the door. wast´ o’ adj. correct, right, proper • magwasto’, wastu´in (mag-:-in) v. to correct, to make right. Wastuin mo ang mga mali ni Petra. Correct Petra’s errors. watak-wat´ ak adj. scattered, not united, separated, isolated, dispersed w´ elga n. a (labor) strike w´ eyter Eng n. waiter w´ika’ Mal n. language w´ili adj. fondness, accustomed, fond of. wiling-wil´i ’very much at home’ mawili (ma-) v. to become engrossed or interested, to desire to continue with an experience because of its pleasantness, attractiveness or profit. Nawili ako sa pagtutugtog ng gitara. I got wrapped up in the guitar music. wil´ig – magwilig, wilig´ an (mag-:an) v. to sprinkle water (on clothes to be pressed). Wiligan mo ang mga paplantsahin. Sprinkle the clothes to be ironed. wis´ik – magwisik, wisik´ an (mag-:an) v. to spray liquid or sprinkle it lightly. Wisikan mo ng tubig ang mga bulaklak nang di malanta. Sprinkle the flowers with water so they won’t wilt.

y´ao

Y y conj. and (a Spanish borrowing used only with time and sometimes with middle names). ’y contraction of ay in writing, as in ako’y gur´ o’ yab´ ag n. sound of footsteps y´ abang – mayabang (ma-) adj. pride, arrogance, proud, snob, boastful, conceited yab´ ong – mayabong (ma-) adj. luxuriant y´ akag – pagyakag n. vocal invitation • magyakag (mag) v. to invite people locally (to go somewhere). Magyakag tayo ng mga makakasama. Let’s invite persons who will be able to go with us. yak´ agin (-in) v. to invite or induce (someone) to come along or do something. Yakagin mo siyang sumama. Ask him to come along. mangyakag, yak´ agin (mang-:-in) v. to invite on the spur of the moment. Yinakag nila ako sa bolingan. They invited me to go bowling. yak´ al n. yacca tree y´ akap – yumakap (-um-) v. to embrace, to hug. Yumakap siya sa akin. She/he embraced me. mangyakap, yak´ apin (mang-:-in) v. to embrace, to hug. Nangyakap ang lasing. The drunken (person) began embracing (people). Yakapin mo ang iyong ina. Embrace your mother. y´ aman – kayam´ anan (ka-an) n. treasure, wealth, richness • mayaman (ma-) adj. rich, wealthy y´ amang conj. while, as. Yamang ang sa pagong ay lumaki... While that of the turtle grew... y´ ao – yumao (-um-) v. to leave, depart, to die. Matagal nang yumao ang lolo ko. My grandfather died a long time already.

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115

ya´ on pron/adj. that (which is far from both speaker and the one addressed to and usually out of sight) y´ apak n. tread, footstep, footprint [syn. t´ apak ] • nakayap´ ak (naka-) adj. barefoot yap´ os – yumapos (-um-) v. to embrace, to hug. Yumapos si Lina sa kaibigan niya. Lina embraced her friend. mangyapos, yapus´in (mang-:-in) v. to embrace, to hug. Yapusin mo ang iyong kalaro. Embrace your playmate. yam´ ot n. annoyance, boredom • mayamot (ma-) v. to be annoyed with. Nayamot ang tindera sa mamimili. The seller became annoyed with the buyer. yan´ig n. tremor yant´ ok n. a species of rattan y´ arda n/qnt. yard y´ ari’ – mayari’ (ma-) to be finished, to be made magyari’, yar´iin (mag-:-in) v. to make, to construct, to manufacture, to finish. Yariin mo na ang tinatahi mo. Finish your sewing. y´ ata’ adv. maybe, it seems, perhaps, in emphatic form, it connotes definiteness as in ”Johnson yata iyan”, meaning it’s Johnson brand (so it is definitely good). y´ aya n. nurse, nursemaid, wet nurse, governess y´ aya’ – magyaya’ (mag-) v. to invite, to induce. Nagyaya silang magboling. They invited (us) to go bowling. mangyaya’, yay´ ain (mang-:-in) v. to invite. Yayain mo sina Nina. Invite Nina and her group. yelo n. ice y´ ema Sp n. yolk (of egg) y´ ero n. galvanized iron sheets y´ odo Sp n. tincture of iodine y´ oyo’ n. yoyo toy yuk´ o’ – yumuko’ (-um-) v. to

y´ uta’

bow. Yumuko siya bilang tanda ng kanyang paggalang. He bowed his head as a sign of respect. iyuko’ (i-) to bow one’s head yuk´ od n. bowing one’s head in respect or in salute, in humiliation yung´ib n. cave yup´i’ n. dent (as on automobile fenders, guards or bodies) • adj. dented • mayupi’ (ma-) v. to be dented. Huwag mong tapakan at baka mayupi. Don’t step on it or it might be dented. y´ urak – yumurak, yur´ akan (-um:-an) v. to trample upon (something or someone) with disregard or disrespect. Huwag mong yurakan ang puri ng iyong kasintahan. Don’t trample upon the honor of your sweetheart. y´ uta’ n. a hundred thousand