Testing Of Web Applications Ppt 552d6o

TESTING WEB APPLICATIONS Department of Computer Engineering National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra

Presented By: Janardan Verma M.Tech 1’st Year 3125511

Outlines  Introduction  Challenges In Web Application Testing  Functional and Non- Functional Testing  Modeling Web-based Applications  Architecture of Web application Testing Tool  Techniques For Future Web Application Testing  A Test Automation Framework  Selenium Automated Testing Tool  Conclusion  References

Introduction  A web application is a system, with a client-server or

multi-tier architecture, with these characteristics.  A wide number of s distributed all over the world and accessing it concurrently.  Heterogeneous execution environments composed of different hardware, network connections, operating systems, Web servers and Web browsers.

Cont….  The main aim of testing a Web application is to

discover failures in the required services and the application behavior with specified requirements.  Due to large number of different elements and lot of

interdependent components, many challenges during the testing appears.

Challenges In Web Application Testing  s :

Different skills sets, os, devices, connection speed etc  Locales:

Internationalization issues such as language translations, time zone considerations, and currency conversions  For eg. in case of e-commerce Web application lots of issues like tax calculation,

shipping costs determination, transactions etc

 Testing Environments:

Need duplicate production environment i.e. Web servers, application servers, and database servers to ensure the quality and test the Web applications.

Cont…  Security:

Open to world after deployment  Integration:

Components developed by different vendors and integrated to the applications according to the business need. S0 this integration can also result the misfunctioning.  Compatibility issues:

Due to browsers and integration

Functional Testing Checking that application is working as per the specifications.

 Test links  Test Forms  Test Cookies

 Test HTML and CSS  Test Database

Non-Functional Testing  Performance testing o

Load testing o Stress testing  Compatibility testing  Usability testing  Security testing  Interface Testing

Load Testing  Measuring QoS performance based on actual  

 

customer behavior Script recorder records the communication Load generator replay recorded scripts concurrently Hardware and software statistics will be monitored and collected . At last, all these statistics will be analyzed and a load testing report will be generated.

Log: Request

URL

Occurs

Req1

GET /.jsp

3

Req2

POST /.jsp

3

Req3

GET /index.jsp

130

Req4

GET /viewfolder.jsp

130

Req5

GET /.jsp

30

Req6

GET /.jsp

20

Req7

POST /.jsp

20

Req8

GET /delete.jsp

10

Req9

GET /.jsp

2

Cont… •General Session are view, , and delete

•we can easily get the proportion of all the General Sessions by these equations.

Modeling Web-based Applications Models represent the components of the application under test and their interconnections.  UML Model  Finite State Machine Model

Meta-Model of a Generic Web Application

Model with a Form

Modeling Using FSM 

A cluster is collections of Web pages that implements some logical function.

 An LWP is either an entire physical Web page or the

portion of a Web page that accepts data from the through an HTML form.

Testcase Approach Phase 1: Build a model of the Web application. Partition the Web application into clusters ‰ Define logical Web Pages ‰ Build FSMs for each cluster ‰ Build an FSM to represent the entire Web application „Phase 2: Generate test from the model defined in phase 1 ‰ Generate tests as sequences of transitions ‰ Identify values for inputs

Top Level FSM SS: Student Services PS: professor Services „ TS: Teaching Assistant Services W0: Screen Off: Logoff

Node Cluster Explanation SS1: Select Service 1 - Menu of named services SS2: Select Service 2 - List of navigation buttons I: Info Form G: Grades - View Grades and Grades pages ‰ ETA: Email TS‰ EP: Email Prof H: Submit homework C: View course info Pages

Architecture Of Web application Testing Tool  Interface: Implements interface providing the

access to the functions offered by the tool.  Service: The service implements the tool services.  Repository: It includes the relational database

storing the W A model, test cases, and test logs, files of instrumented web pages, driver web pages, stub web pages, and test reports.

Services  Test Case Manager  Driver and Stub Generator  Code Instrumentation Manager

 Test Result Analyzer  Report Generator

Test Case Manager:

 Two main functions

Test case design Testing documentation  It also allows inserting, modifying, deleting, and browsing test suite, test case, and test log data.

Driver and Stub Generator:  It has set-up, execution and clean-up steps.  These steps are performed using the driver web pages,

produced by the Driver Generator on the basis of the test model and the test case descriptions stored in the repository

Code Instrumentation Manager:

 This component is responsible for instrumenting

client and server web pages by inserting scripts in order to carry out a dynamic analysis of the W A when the test cases are executed.  This information will be stored into a tagged file and

used to evaluate the coverage obtained by the test execution.

Test Result Analyzer:

 Parses the tagged files generated during the execution

of the instrumented web pages, and extracts the data items making up the test logs.  Compares the actual results against the expected

values of output variables, output actions, exceptions, and environment state obtained after the test execution

Report Generator:

 First report describes the list of components of the

web page  The second report describes, for each web page, both the set of exercised components and the set of components that were not exercised during the test

Techniques For Future Web Application Testing  Model-Based Testing  Search-Based Testing

Search-Based Testing  Uses search Algorithms to test data generation  Suitability of search algorithms for testing is based on

ability to produce effective solutions for complex and poorly understood search spaces with many dimensions  Dimensions of the search spaces are directly related to the number of input parameters.  Search-based testing can be improved by applying genetic programming to web applications

Steps  An appropriate fitness function is defined for the test

aim, and some search algorithm has been selected.  An initial set of individuals (i.e., test data) is generated, usually at random  For each testdata set test is executed and monitored and the fitness value is determined  Test data with high fitness values are selected with a higher probability than those with a lower value

Cont…  Then by combination and mutation processes new

offspring test data is generated.  New population of test data is formed by merging offspring and parent individuals.  The process repeats itself, starting with selection until the test objective is fulfilled or another given stopping condition is reached

Cont… A European project EvoTest has successfully applied search-based testing techniques to various real-world complex systems  Queues that fill up when some components are faster

than others, or the clients generate a lot of traffic  Races between components resulting in different results for the same tests  Deadlocks that occur due to a set of components

Test Automation Framework  A automation framework should be compatible with

the same type of many applications, does not need so much modification.  It should ing a variety of Web browser for solving web applications compatibility across the browsers.  It should provides testers with a simple interface.  Testers should be able to configure different browsers conveniently for web application test.

TEST DATA

TEST CASE

TEST CONFIG

TEST TYPE

TEST SCRIPT

Run Test Action

Return Result

WEB APPLICATION

TEST REPORT

Components of Automation Framework The integrated auto testing framework includes five components.  Model  Translator  Actionworker  Comparator  TestresultCollector

Translator  Translator has two levels. Translate the test case which

is prepared by tester to a tool test case which can be recognized by a specific test tool.  Get a translator name by getTranslatorName()  To translate the testcase to a scope testcase with a

specific translator name by getTranslatorInstance() and translate()

ActionWorker This component creates a specific actionWorker and then performs specific actions.  Gets a actionworker name by getActionWokerName()  Gets a actionworker instance by

getActionWorkerInstance()  Perform action by doAction()

Comparator  This component collects the test result and collects

expected result, and compares both  Get an instance test result by collectTestResult() from the getTestResultCollectorInstance() with getTestResultCollectorName()  To collect the expected result of the running test case by collectExpectedResult()  Compare the test result with the expected result by compare() and then give the result of comparing.

Some testing automation Tools  Rational Functional Tester (RFT)-IBM,Rlay  Selenium-Rlay framework  JSpec

 WebLight-html link  ASPUnit-Asp  Adobe Browser Labs  Rational AppScan- IBM tool that s automatic

test creation and modification.  Cactus-Jsp test framework from Apache

Selenium Overview  Selenium is a framework for testing websites.  Selenium tests run directly in a browser  A wide array of browsers ed by Selenium are

Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox on Windows, Linux, and Macintosh  Selenium uses JavaScript to embed a test automation engine in the browser  It work with any JavaScript-enabled browser  for many other languages Java, Ruby, Python

Selenium Variants Can be used in isolation or in combination to create complete automation suite for web applications.  Selenium Core:

A JavaScript library that can interact with the page, allowing automatically rerun tests against multiple browsers. That library eventually became Selenium Core  Selenium IDE  Selenium Remote Control  Selenium Web Driver

 Selenium Grid

Selenium

IDE

Record Mode

CORE

Bot Mode: HTML tables

RC

Driven Mode. Test Case in different Language

Selenium IDE  Firefox plug-in  Easy to generate test cases  Provides record and playback functionality.

 Provides the ability to debug test scripts.  Auto complete common selenium commands.  Export tests in different formats like Java, Ruby,

Python and so on.  s extensions.

Limitations of IDE  Browser  Selenium IDE is only available for the Firefox.

 Language  Selenium IDE can execute scripts created in Selenese

only.

Selenium Commands – “Selenese”  Actions are commands that generally manipulate the

state of the application, like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, the execution of the current test is stopped.  Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”  Assertions are like Accessors, but they that the state of the application conforms to what is expected, e.g. “ that this checkbox is checked”.

Commands  open( url )  Opens a URL in the test frame. This accepts both relative and absolute URLs  

Open /mypage Open http://localhost:8080/

 click( elementLocator )  Clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If the click action causes a new page to load (like a link usually does), use "clickAndWait".  

Click Checkbox ClickAndWait submitButton

Cont..  type( inputLocator, value )  Sets the value of an input field.  Can also be used to set the value of combo boxes, check boxes, etc 



Type nameField John Smith typeAndWait textBox something

 select( dropDownLocator, optionSpecifier )  Select an option from a drop-down, based on the optionSpecifier   

Select dropDown Australian Dollars Select dropDown index=0 selectAndWait currencySelector label=In*ian

Building Test Cases <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />

NEW
open	/cyberspace/
clickAndWait	link=Domain Search
type	id=domain	asc