The Endocrine System Study Guide 3ky2p

Endocrine Unit Scale Through independent work beyond what was taught in class, students could (examples include, but are not limited to): 4.0  Chart the differences between endocrine and neural controls.  Identify issues between endocrine and neural controls. The students will:  SC.912.L.14.29 - define the endocrine and exocrine. 3.0  SC.912.L.14.30 - compare endocrine and neural controls of physiology.  SC.912.L.14.32 - describe the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system. The students will:  Determine the meaning of symbols, key , and other anatomy and physiology specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific technical context relevant to grades 9-12 texts and topics (see Academic Vocabulary 2.0 below).  Recognize from a list the of the endocrine and exocrine. (SC.912.L.14.30)  Identify from a list endocrine control. Identify from a list neural control. (SC.912.L.14.30)  Recognize from a list the structures of the endocrine system. (SC.912.L.14.32) With help, the students will have partial success at level 2.0 and level 3.0 content and recognition of academic vocabulary 1.0 (see below). Endocrine Key Vocabulary adrenal cortex exocrine gland negative pancreatic islets pituitary gland testes adrenal gland hormones loop parathyroid gland positive thymus gland adrenal medulla hypothalamus ovaries pineal gland loop thyroid gland endocrine gland pancreas target cells/organs Human Endocrine Glands: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Parathyroid

Adrenal Glands

Pancreas

Pituitary

Pineal

Gonads

Thyroid

What You Need to Know/Be Able to Do for the Test:  Compare & Contrast the endocrine system and the nervous system  Define the endocrine and exocrine  Describe the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:  ___________________-messenger system of the body  Uses _________________ messengers (_________________) that are released into the blood  Hormones control several major processes: o _______________________________ o _______________________________ o Mobilization of body defenses o Maintenance of much homeostasis o Regulation of _______________________ HORMONE OVERVIEW:  Hormones are produced by _____________________________  Cells secrete hormones into _________________________ fluids  Blood transfers hormones to target sites  These hormones regulate the activity of ___________________ cells What are the major endocrine organs? (9)

PITUITARY GLAND:  Size of a __________________  Hangs by a stalk from the hypothalamus in the brain  Protected by the _______________________ bone

Has 2 functional lobes: o Anterior pituitary - _________________ o Posterior pituitary - ________________ “Master Endocrine Gland”

Anterior Pituitary:  6 anterior pituitary hormones: o 2 affect non-endocrine targets:  ___________________________  _________________________ o 4 stimulate other endocrine glands (tropic hormones)  ____________________________________  ____________________________________  ____________________________________ Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary What are characteristics, functions, and the affected areas of “Growth Hormone”? What are some example of GH disorders? What are characteristics/functions of Prolactin (PRL)? What are characteristics/functions of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)? What are characteristics/functions of Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)? What are characteristics/functions of Gonadotropic hormones? o

Elaborate of the characteristics/functions of Luteinzing hormones.

PITUITARY-HYPOTHALAMUS RELATIONSHIP:  How is hormonal release regulated? 

What are the 2 hormones produced by the hypothalamus and how are they transported?



The _______________________________ is not strictly and endocrine gland, but it does release hormones.

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary What are the functions/characteristics of the hormone OXYTOCIN? What are the functions/characteristics of the hormone ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)? THROID GLAND:  What is the location of the thyroid gland? 

How many hormones does the thyroid produce and what are they?

Thyroid Hormone:  What are the characteristics/functions of the THYROID HORMONE?



What are examples of Thyroid hormone disorders and what are the characteristics? (4 of them)

Calcitonin:  What are the characteristics/functions of CALCITONIN? PARATHYROID GLANDS: Tiny masses on the _____________________ of the thyroid. What does the parathyroid gland secrete and how does that hormone affect the body?

PANCREATIC ISLETS:  What is the pancreas? 

The pancreatic islets produce hormones. What are the functions of these hormones and what do they maintain? o Insulin o

Glucagon –

PINEAL GLAND:  Where is the pineal gland found? 

What does the pineal gland secrete and what is the effect on the body?

THYMUS GLAND:  Where is the pineal gland found?  When is it the largest?  What does the thymus gland produce and what is the effect on the body? GONADS:  Gonads are different between males and females? What is the appropriate body part for each gender? Ovaries:  Ovaries produce 2 groups of steroid hormones. What are they and what is their effect/function on the body?

Testes:  Testes produce ___________________, such as ___________________________. What is the effect/function for the body?

DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:  Most endocrine organs operate smoothly until _____________________________ o ___________________________ is brought on by lack of efficiency of the ____________________. o Problems associated with reduced _________________________ are common o Growth hormone production declines with _______________. o Many endocrine glands decrease ____________________ with age. o Review Table 9.1 – Major Endocrine Glands and Some of Their Hormones http://www.slideshare.net/SSpencer53/ch9appt-endocrine-system?related=3