The Three Battles Of 1066 6u83m
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- Pages: 32
Starter Activity Describe
the three claimants of the English throne in one articulate word: Harold Godwinson William, Duke of Normandy Harald Hardrada
The Three Battles of 1066 Who, What, Where, When and Why?
Learning Objective Why did the Battle of Hastings end in the result it did in 1066? Understand
the course, nature and location of the three main battles of 1066.
Identify
the strengths and weaknesses of the three armies of 1066.
Explain
the reasons for the decisive outcome of the Battle of Hastings.
The Situation – September 1066
In our last lesson we talked about the three claimants – Harold, William and Harald Hardrada.
Harold Godwinson has been King of England for about 9 months now.
With 3 men claiming the throne – what do you think will happen?
Think about what kind of men they are.
Do you think they would just accept Harold becoming king?
Preparation for War
The three men gather their armies.
Harald and William need to get their army to England.
How do you think they will do this?
Look at the two images – what do you think is happening in these pictures?
The Situation – September 1066
After months of preparation, William of Normandy is ready to move his army across the Channel. The Normans will attack the south of England.
Harald Hardrada and his Vikings are on their way to invade England. The Vikings will attack somewhere in the north.
Harold Godwinson is faced with a very difficult situation – he has to face two enemies at the same time.
NORWAY
ENGLAND
NORMANDY
The Armies of 1066 The English
The English army is made up mostly of farmers and peasants known as the fyrd who aren’t real soldiers but there lots of them and they will fight hard to protect their homes. There are a few well-trained soldiers – Huscarls – but they only fight on foot in a tactic called the shieldwall. The English don’t have any knights and only a few archers. Bow
Spear Shield
Battleaxe
Shield
Ordinary Clothes
Chainmail
This man is a huscarl.
This man is part of the fyrd.
Quiver for Arrows
Ordinary Clothes
This man is an English archer.
The Armies of 1066 The Normans
The Norman army is one of the most powerful in Europe at this time. William’s army is quite small but powerful. William has hundreds of mounted knights who are very powerful. The Normans also have lots of archers who can kill at a distance. Most Norman foot soldiers – infantry – are provided with some armour and are better motivated than the English. William is a great leader. The Normans are determined to win as they are away from their own country – if they lose they could all die. Spear
Lance Helmet
Helmet
Bow Chainmail
Helmet
Shield Scale Armour
Horse
Chainmail
Shield Sword
This man is a
This man is a
This man is an
The Armies of 1066 The Vikings
The Viking army is very similar to the English army. Harald Hadrada is a great warrior. Like the English army only the richest soldiers will have any armour at all. The Vikings do not have any knights and have only a small number of archers. Most of the Vikings have fought in battles before. Also Tostig brought some English soldiers to fight for Harald. The Vikings are also fighting away from their home so they can’t get new soldiers easily but will be determined to win. Spear
Helmet Shield
Helmet
Javelins Ordinary Clothes
Helmet
Shield
Axe
Shield Chainmail
Chainmail
Battleaxe
This man is a Viking nobleman.
This man is a Viking housecarl – similar to the English one.
This man is a Viking infantry soldier – most Viking soldiers would have looked like this.
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Three Armies Large army
Fill in the table for each of the three claimants. Look over your worksheets on the three armies for the information.
Explain the strengths and weaknesses of the three armies. The first strength and weakness for Harold Godwinson’s army is done for you.
What do you notice about the three armies? Are there any common themes? Who appears the strongest army? Who do you think will win the war for England?
Defending home Huscarls are trained
No knights
Has knights
Fighting two Trained soldiers enemies at once Determined to Few archers win Soldiers don’t use armour much
Soldiers have armour Has archers William as leader
Not as many men as the English
Harald Hadrada
Fighting away from home
Fighting away from home
Tostig’s soldiers
Few archers
Experienced soldiers
No knights
What have we learnt today? Draw these boxes into your books and complete them.
One question you have about what we learnt today.
In the next lesson…
Two links you have identified to a previous lesson. Three new things you have learnt today.
The Battle of Stamford Bridge September 25th 1066
Starter
The War of the Three Kings Begins…
Harald Hardrada makes the first move to claim the throne of England for himself.
Why do you think Harald attacked first?
He is ed by Tostig, brother of the new King of England, Harold Godwinson.
He sails with 300 longships from Norway in early September.
He lands in England, near York. This area was once under Viking rule – known as the Danelaw.
Harald defeats the English army at a place called Fulford Gate on the 20th September. NORMANDY
Viking Invasion!
Harold Godwinson hears of the Viking invasion a few days later.
Harold has his army on the south coast ready to fight William’s army when they land from Normandy.
What kind of position does this put Harold in?
How would you feel if you lived in England at this time?
Harold took his army from the coast and marched north to fight the Vikings marching to York in 5 days. This is very fast.
The Battle of Stamford Bridge September 25th 1066
Hardrada’s army is not expecting the English to attack. Most are too busy lying about drinking, feasting and relaxing after winning at Fulford. Some are even swimming in the river!
Harold’s army surprises the Vikings!
Some Vikings don’t even have their armour!
Would this have an impact on who will win the battle?
Video
The Battle of Stamford Bridge September 25th 1066
The fight is very brutal. Many are killed on both sides.
One Viking holds the bridge by himself and kills 40 English soldiers by himself!
By midday both Tostig and Harald Hardrada are dead. Harald gets an arrow in the throat.
Tostig is apparently chopped up into tiny pieces by the English who see him as a traitor.
Harold gains a victory but his army is much smaller due to losing so many men.
Is Harold losing men significant?
Is Harold in a better or worse position now after this battle?
Aftermath of Stamford Jester Task
Write a diary entry for Harold Godwinson after the Battle of Stamford Bridge.
Think about what has happened and who has been killed. How did he
How would you feel if you were in Harold’s position? Happy? Worried?
Knight Task
Exactly as the Jester Task but do the following as well:
Think about the position Harold is in – do you think he is stronger or weaker and why?
What impact do you think the Battle of Stamford will have on the rest of the war and why?
Dear diary, today I won a great victory over the Vikings. I was able to kill H_____ and T_____.
I was able to win the battle because…
Even though I won the battle, I am _________ because…
For a challenge: use your own words!
William Invades England!
3 days later William of Normandy lands in England on the 28th September at Pevensey.
William isn’t opposed in his landing because all the English army is up with Harold in York!
BUT…
This is something we’ll cover next lesson!
What have we learnt today? Draw these boxes into your books and complete them.
One question you have about what we learnt today.
In the next lesson…
Two links you have identified to a previous lesson. Three new things you have learnt today.
New - Glossary
This week we have some new words for your glossary – make sure you take them all down with their definitions:
Knight
Infantry Soldiers who fight on foot with swords and spears
LongshipA Viking warship that can carry soldiers.
FyrdAnglo-Saxon peasants who fight as soldiers part-time
Huscarl Anglo-Saxon elite warriors who fight for the king using a large
Archer
A soldier who fights using a bow and arrow
Tactic
A plan used in a battle
Shield Wall A tactic where soldiers line up and lock their shields together to form a tough defensive wall.
Danelaw An area of England that once belonged to the Vikings. It maintained its and culture.
A Norman soldier who fights on horseback, also called
cavalry
battleaxe.
own laws
The Battle of Hastings October 14th 1066
Learning Objective Why did the Battle of Hastings end in the result it did in 1066? Understand
the course, nature and location of the three main battles of 1066.
Identify
the strengths and weaknesses of the three armies of 1066.
Explain
the reasons for the decisive outcome of the Battle of Hastings.
Starter Activity Look
at the picture – what do you think it represents?
What Who
is happening?
are these men?
Where
do you think they are going?
William has invaded England!
Think back to last lesson – while Harold was in the north fighting the Vikings.
Why could William not move over to England right away?
William is able to get moving on the 27th September and lands the next day.
He lands at a place called Pevensey and starts building a castle to act as a base for his invasion.
The Normans Strike
William sends out his knights to explore the English countryside.
His knights begin attacking and burning English villages.
Many of the villages are in lands that belong to Harold Godwinson.
Why do you think William would attack these villages?
How do you think Harold would react to the Normans doing this to his lands?
William then takes the town of Hastings – this is a big town with a port. This will help him bring supplies and men over from Normandy if he needs to.
Harold Decides to Strike Back
Harold is still up in York when the Normans land and start attacking the villages around Hastings.
News reaches Harold a few days after William’s landing.
He decides to march south to confront William. He takes 5 days (this is very fast) to get to London.
BUT…
what happened last lesson at Stamford Bridge – is Harold in a strong or weak position? How do you think his soldiers are feeling?
Harold’s route south
The Eve of Battle 14th October 1066
Harold’s army arrives just outside of Hastings.
His army is weakened as most of the fyrd have went back to their farms to harvest their crops.
Before the battle his army takes up position on Senlac Hill – a relatively steep hill.
The English form a shieldwall as well (check the glossary for this word).
Do you think Harold’s battle plan will work and give him victory?
The Battle 14th October 1066
The Normans have to attack uphill.
The shieldwall proves very hard to beat. Harold thinks he can win.
After a few fights the English get overconfident and try and chase after the Normans when they run away.
In the confusion a rumour goes round that William is dead. What impact would this have on the Normans?
William shows his face to his troops to prove he is still alive.
Disaster for the English! 14th October 1066
Storyboard of the Battle
Create a storyboard of the events of the battle.
Use drawings and words to describe what is happening.
You have to provide six key events in the course of the battle.
What have we learnt today? Draw these boxes into your books and complete them.
One question you have about what we learnt today.
In the next lesson…
Two links you have identified to a previous lesson. Three new things you have learnt today.
the three claimants of the English throne in one articulate word: Harold Godwinson William, Duke of Normandy Harald Hardrada
The Three Battles of 1066 Who, What, Where, When and Why?
Learning Objective Why did the Battle of Hastings end in the result it did in 1066? Understand
the course, nature and location of the three main battles of 1066.
Identify
the strengths and weaknesses of the three armies of 1066.
Explain
the reasons for the decisive outcome of the Battle of Hastings.
The Situation – September 1066
In our last lesson we talked about the three claimants – Harold, William and Harald Hardrada.
Harold Godwinson has been King of England for about 9 months now.
With 3 men claiming the throne – what do you think will happen?
Think about what kind of men they are.
Do you think they would just accept Harold becoming king?
Preparation for War
The three men gather their armies.
Harald and William need to get their army to England.
How do you think they will do this?
Look at the two images – what do you think is happening in these pictures?
The Situation – September 1066
After months of preparation, William of Normandy is ready to move his army across the Channel. The Normans will attack the south of England.
Harald Hardrada and his Vikings are on their way to invade England. The Vikings will attack somewhere in the north.
Harold Godwinson is faced with a very difficult situation – he has to face two enemies at the same time.
NORWAY
ENGLAND
NORMANDY
The Armies of 1066 The English
The English army is made up mostly of farmers and peasants known as the fyrd who aren’t real soldiers but there lots of them and they will fight hard to protect their homes. There are a few well-trained soldiers – Huscarls – but they only fight on foot in a tactic called the shieldwall. The English don’t have any knights and only a few archers. Bow
Spear Shield
Battleaxe
Shield
Ordinary Clothes
Chainmail
This man is a huscarl.
This man is part of the fyrd.
Quiver for Arrows
Ordinary Clothes
This man is an English archer.
The Armies of 1066 The Normans
The Norman army is one of the most powerful in Europe at this time. William’s army is quite small but powerful. William has hundreds of mounted knights who are very powerful. The Normans also have lots of archers who can kill at a distance. Most Norman foot soldiers – infantry – are provided with some armour and are better motivated than the English. William is a great leader. The Normans are determined to win as they are away from their own country – if they lose they could all die. Spear
Lance Helmet
Helmet
Bow Chainmail
Helmet
Shield Scale Armour
Horse
Chainmail
Shield Sword
This man is a
This man is a
This man is an
The Armies of 1066 The Vikings
The Viking army is very similar to the English army. Harald Hadrada is a great warrior. Like the English army only the richest soldiers will have any armour at all. The Vikings do not have any knights and have only a small number of archers. Most of the Vikings have fought in battles before. Also Tostig brought some English soldiers to fight for Harald. The Vikings are also fighting away from their home so they can’t get new soldiers easily but will be determined to win. Spear
Helmet Shield
Helmet
Javelins Ordinary Clothes
Helmet
Shield
Axe
Shield Chainmail
Chainmail
Battleaxe
This man is a Viking nobleman.
This man is a Viking housecarl – similar to the English one.
This man is a Viking infantry soldier – most Viking soldiers would have looked like this.
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Three Armies Large army
Fill in the table for each of the three claimants. Look over your worksheets on the three armies for the information.
Explain the strengths and weaknesses of the three armies. The first strength and weakness for Harold Godwinson’s army is done for you.
What do you notice about the three armies? Are there any common themes? Who appears the strongest army? Who do you think will win the war for England?
Defending home Huscarls are trained
No knights
Has knights
Fighting two Trained soldiers enemies at once Determined to Few archers win Soldiers don’t use armour much
Soldiers have armour Has archers William as leader
Not as many men as the English
Harald Hadrada
Fighting away from home
Fighting away from home
Tostig’s soldiers
Few archers
Experienced soldiers
No knights
What have we learnt today? Draw these boxes into your books and complete them.
One question you have about what we learnt today.
In the next lesson…
Two links you have identified to a previous lesson. Three new things you have learnt today.
The Battle of Stamford Bridge September 25th 1066
Starter
The War of the Three Kings Begins…
Harald Hardrada makes the first move to claim the throne of England for himself.
Why do you think Harald attacked first?
He is ed by Tostig, brother of the new King of England, Harold Godwinson.
He sails with 300 longships from Norway in early September.
He lands in England, near York. This area was once under Viking rule – known as the Danelaw.
Harald defeats the English army at a place called Fulford Gate on the 20th September. NORMANDY
Viking Invasion!
Harold Godwinson hears of the Viking invasion a few days later.
Harold has his army on the south coast ready to fight William’s army when they land from Normandy.
What kind of position does this put Harold in?
How would you feel if you lived in England at this time?
Harold took his army from the coast and marched north to fight the Vikings marching to York in 5 days. This is very fast.
The Battle of Stamford Bridge September 25th 1066
Hardrada’s army is not expecting the English to attack. Most are too busy lying about drinking, feasting and relaxing after winning at Fulford. Some are even swimming in the river!
Harold’s army surprises the Vikings!
Some Vikings don’t even have their armour!
Would this have an impact on who will win the battle?
Video
The Battle of Stamford Bridge September 25th 1066
The fight is very brutal. Many are killed on both sides.
One Viking holds the bridge by himself and kills 40 English soldiers by himself!
By midday both Tostig and Harald Hardrada are dead. Harald gets an arrow in the throat.
Tostig is apparently chopped up into tiny pieces by the English who see him as a traitor.
Harold gains a victory but his army is much smaller due to losing so many men.
Is Harold losing men significant?
Is Harold in a better or worse position now after this battle?
Aftermath of Stamford Jester Task
Write a diary entry for Harold Godwinson after the Battle of Stamford Bridge.
Think about what has happened and who has been killed. How did he
How would you feel if you were in Harold’s position? Happy? Worried?
Knight Task
Exactly as the Jester Task but do the following as well:
Think about the position Harold is in – do you think he is stronger or weaker and why?
What impact do you think the Battle of Stamford will have on the rest of the war and why?
Dear diary, today I won a great victory over the Vikings. I was able to kill H_____ and T_____.
I was able to win the battle because…
Even though I won the battle, I am _________ because…
For a challenge: use your own words!
William Invades England!
3 days later William of Normandy lands in England on the 28th September at Pevensey.
William isn’t opposed in his landing because all the English army is up with Harold in York!
BUT…
This is something we’ll cover next lesson!
What have we learnt today? Draw these boxes into your books and complete them.
One question you have about what we learnt today.
In the next lesson…
Two links you have identified to a previous lesson. Three new things you have learnt today.
New - Glossary
This week we have some new words for your glossary – make sure you take them all down with their definitions:
Knight
Infantry Soldiers who fight on foot with swords and spears
LongshipA Viking warship that can carry soldiers.
FyrdAnglo-Saxon peasants who fight as soldiers part-time
Huscarl Anglo-Saxon elite warriors who fight for the king using a large
Archer
A soldier who fights using a bow and arrow
Tactic
A plan used in a battle
Shield Wall A tactic where soldiers line up and lock their shields together to form a tough defensive wall.
Danelaw An area of England that once belonged to the Vikings. It maintained its and culture.
A Norman soldier who fights on horseback, also called
cavalry
battleaxe.
own laws
The Battle of Hastings October 14th 1066
Learning Objective Why did the Battle of Hastings end in the result it did in 1066? Understand
the course, nature and location of the three main battles of 1066.
Identify
the strengths and weaknesses of the three armies of 1066.
Explain
the reasons for the decisive outcome of the Battle of Hastings.
Starter Activity Look
at the picture – what do you think it represents?
What Who
is happening?
are these men?
Where
do you think they are going?
William has invaded England!
Think back to last lesson – while Harold was in the north fighting the Vikings.
Why could William not move over to England right away?
William is able to get moving on the 27th September and lands the next day.
He lands at a place called Pevensey and starts building a castle to act as a base for his invasion.
The Normans Strike
William sends out his knights to explore the English countryside.
His knights begin attacking and burning English villages.
Many of the villages are in lands that belong to Harold Godwinson.
Why do you think William would attack these villages?
How do you think Harold would react to the Normans doing this to his lands?
William then takes the town of Hastings – this is a big town with a port. This will help him bring supplies and men over from Normandy if he needs to.
Harold Decides to Strike Back
Harold is still up in York when the Normans land and start attacking the villages around Hastings.
News reaches Harold a few days after William’s landing.
He decides to march south to confront William. He takes 5 days (this is very fast) to get to London.
BUT…
what happened last lesson at Stamford Bridge – is Harold in a strong or weak position? How do you think his soldiers are feeling?
Harold’s route south
The Eve of Battle 14th October 1066
Harold’s army arrives just outside of Hastings.
His army is weakened as most of the fyrd have went back to their farms to harvest their crops.
Before the battle his army takes up position on Senlac Hill – a relatively steep hill.
The English form a shieldwall as well (check the glossary for this word).
Do you think Harold’s battle plan will work and give him victory?
The Battle 14th October 1066
The Normans have to attack uphill.
The shieldwall proves very hard to beat. Harold thinks he can win.
After a few fights the English get overconfident and try and chase after the Normans when they run away.
In the confusion a rumour goes round that William is dead. What impact would this have on the Normans?
William shows his face to his troops to prove he is still alive.
Disaster for the English! 14th October 1066
Storyboard of the Battle
Create a storyboard of the events of the battle.
Use drawings and words to describe what is happening.
You have to provide six key events in the course of the battle.
What have we learnt today? Draw these boxes into your books and complete them.
One question you have about what we learnt today.
In the next lesson…
Two links you have identified to a previous lesson. Three new things you have learnt today.
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