Triple Intervention.pdf 2er1s

Triple Intervention

Triple Intervention The Tripartite Intervention or Triple Intervention (三 国 干 渉 Sangoku Kanshō) was a diplomatic intervention by Russia, , and on 23 April 1895 over the of the Treaty of Shimonoseki signed between Japan and Qing dynasty China that ended the First Sino-Japanese War.

Treaty of Shimonoseki Per the of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, Japan was awarded the Liaodong Peninsula including the harbor city of Port Arthur, which it had conquered Convention of retrocession of the Liaotung peninsula, 8 November 1895. from China. Immediately after the of the treaty became public, Russia—with its own designs and sphere of influence in China—expressed concern about Japanese acquisition of the Liaodong Peninsula and the possible impact of the of the treaty on the stability of China. Russia persuaded and to apply diplomatic pressure on Japan for return of the territory to China in exchange for a larger indemnity.

The European powers Russia had the most to gain out of the Triple Intervention. In the preceding years, Russia had been slowly increasing its influence in the Far East. The construction of the Trans-Siberian railroad and the acquisition of a warm-water port would enable Russia to consolidate its presence in the region and further expand into Asia and the Pacific. Russia had not expected that Japan would be victorious against China. Port Arthur falling into Japanese hands would undermine its own desperate need for a warm-water port in the East. was obligated to Russia under the 1892 treaty. Although French bankers did have financial interests in Russia (especially railroads), had no territorial ambitions in Manchuria, since its sphere of influence was in southern China (see Sino-French War). The French actually had cordial relations with the Japanese: French military advisors had been sent to train the Imperial Japanese Army and a number of Japanese ships had been built in French shipyards. However, did not wish to be diplomatically isolated, as it had been previously, especially given the growing power of . had two reasons to Russia, firstly, its desire to draw Russia's attention to the east and away from itself and secondly, to enlist Russia's in establishing German territorial concessions in China. hoped that for Russia would encourage Russia, in turn, to 's colonial ambitions, which were especially vexed since had been so late in forming itself into a unified nation and had arrived so late in the colonial "game".

Conclusion The Japanese government reluctantly acceded to the intervention, as British and American diplomatic intercession was not forthcoming, and Japan was in no position to militarily resist the three major European powers. On 5 May 1895, Prime Minister Ito Hirobumi announced the withdrawal of Japanese forces from the Liaodong Peninsula in exchange for an additional indemnity of 30 million kuping taels (450 million yen). The last Japanese troops departed in December.

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Triple Intervention Much to Japan's astonishment and consternation, Russia moved almost immediately to occupy the entire Liaodong Peninsula and especially to fortify Port Arthur. (This was one of the events that would lead to the Russo-Japanese War of 1905) , , and even Great Britain took advantage of the weakened China to seize port cities on various pretexts and to expand their spheres of influence. Japans government felt they had been cheated of their just spoils of war by this intervention. This humiliation at the hands of the European powers helped lead to the Gashin Shōtan (臥 薪 嘗 胆) movement. Figuratively translated as "Persevering through Hardship (for the sake of revenge)", the saying is derived from the Chinese chengyu of wòxīnchángdǎn (臥 薪 嚐 膽), literally meaning "sleeping on sticks and tasting gall", that alludes to the perseverance of King Goujian of Yue (reigned 496–465 BC) in the War between Wu and Yue. For modern Japan, this ideology meant an increase in heavy industry and strength of the armed forces, especially the navy, at the expense of individual wants and needs. The Triple Intervention had a profound effect on Japanese foreign relations, as Japanese diplomacy sought to avoid a reconstitution of a combination of European Powers against Japan. It led directly to the Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1902 which was explicitly intended to shield Japan from interference from other European Great Powers, and from Russia in particular.

References • Connaughton, R.M. The war of the rising sun and tumbling bear: A military history of the Russo-Japanese War 1904-5, London, 1988. • Kajima, Morinosuke. The Diplomacy of Japan, 1894-1922, Tokyo, 1976.

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Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors Triple Intervention  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=566426647  Contributors: Aherunar, Ardfern, Beansy, BlankVerse, BlueZenith, Caerwine, Charles Matthews, ESkog, Eastlaw, El C, Fabartus, Geniac, GwydionM, Historian, HistoryNovice, Hmains, HorsePunchKid, Jaraalbe, Ksyrie, MChew, MilesVorkosigan, Mkill, Mr Tan, Neier, Nigosh, Olivier, Ottawakismet, PamD, Pearle, Per Honor et Gloria, Phoenix PNX, SFX 1, Shrigley, Sligocki, Tabletop, Takeshi-br, Thecheesykid, Tonkawa68, Versageek, Vincom2, Who, ༆, 40 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors File:Convention of retrocession of the Liatung Peninsula 8 November 1895.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Convention_of_retrocession_of_the_Liatung_Peninsula_8_November_1895.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: World Imaging

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