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Controllo non distruttivo delle saldature NORMA E U R OP E A

Controllo delle saldature mediante liquidi penetranti Livelli di accettabilità

UNI EN ISO 23277 GIUGNO 2010

Non-destructive testing of welds

Penetrant testing of welds Acceptance levels La norma specifica i livelli di accettabilità delle indicazioni dovute a imperfezioni affioranti alla superficie in saldature di materiali metallici rivelate mediante liquidi penetranti. I livelli di accettabilità sono principalmente destinati all’uso durante i controlli di fabbricazione, ma, qualora siano appropriati, possono essere usati nei controlli in esercizio.

TESTO INGLESE

La presente norma è la versione ufficiale in lingua inglese della norma europea EN ISO 23277 (edizione novembre 2009). La presente norma sostituisce la UNI EN 1289:2006.

ICS UNI Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Via Sannio, 2 20137 Milano, Italia

25.160.40

© UNI Riproduzione vietata. Tutti i diritti sono riservati. Nessuna parte del presente documento può essere riprodotta o diffusa con un mezzo qualsiasi, fotocopie, microfilm o altro, senza il consenso scritto dell’UNI. www.uni.com UNI EN ISO 23277:2010

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PREMESSA NAZIONALE La presente norma costituisce il recepimento, in lingua inglese, della norma europea EN ISO 23277 (edizione novembre 2009), che assume così lo status di norma nazionale italiana. La presente norma è stata elaborata sotto la competenza della Commissione Tecnica UNI Saldature La presente norma è stata ratificata dal Presidente dell’UNI ed è entrata a far parte del corpo normativo nazionale il 17 giugno 2010.

Le norme UNI sono elaborate cercando di tenere conto dei punti di vista di tutte le parti interessate e di conciliare ogni aspetto conflittuale, per rappresentare il reale stato dell’arte della materia ed il necessario grado di consenso. Chiunque ritenesse, a seguito dell’applicazione di questa norma, di poter fornire suggerimenti per un suo miglioramento o per un suo adeguamento ad uno stato dell’arte in evoluzione è pregato di inviare i propri contributi all’UNI, Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione, che li terrà in considerazione per l’eventuale revisione della norma stessa. Le norme UNI sono revisionate, quando necessario, con la pubblicazione di nuove edizioni o di aggiornamenti. È importante pertanto che gli utilizzatori delle stesse si accertino di essere in possesso dell’ultima edizione e degli eventuali aggiornamenti. Si invitano inoltre gli utilizzatori a verificare l’esistenza di norme UNI corrispondenti alle norme EN o ISO ove citate nei riferimenti normativi. UNI EN ISO 23277:2010

© UNI

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EUROPEAN STANDARD

EN ISO 23277

NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM

November 2009

ICS 25.160.40

Supersedes EN 1289:1998

English Version

Non-destructive testing of welds - Penetrant testing of welds Acceptance levels (ISO 23277:2006) Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés - Contrôle par ressuage des soudures - Niveaux d'acceptation (ISO 23277:2006)

Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen Eindringprüfung von Schweißverbindungen Zulässigkeitsgrenzen (ISO 23277:2006)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 October 2009. CEN are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, , , Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2009 CEN

All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national .

UNI EN ISO 23277:2010

Ref. No. EN ISO 23277:2009: E

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EN ISO 23277:2009 (E)

Contents

Page

Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................3

2 UNI EN ISO 23277:2010

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EN ISO 23277:2009 (E)

Foreword The text of ISO 23277:2006 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied processes” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 23277:2009 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1289:1998. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, , , Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice The text of ISO 23277:2006 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 23277:2009 without any modification.

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UNI EN ISO 23277:2010

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

ISO 23277 First edition 2006-10-01

Non-destructive testing of welds — Penetrant testing of welds — Acceptance levels Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés — Contrôle par ressuage des soudures — Niveaux d'acceptation

Reference number ISO 23277:2006(E)

© ISO 2006 UNI EN ISO 23277:2010

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ISO 23277:2006(E)

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© ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 x CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail [email protected] Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland

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ISO 23277:2006(E)

Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 23277 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding (as EN 1289:1998 and its Amd.1:2002 and Amd.2:2003), and was adopted, under a special “fast-track procedure”, by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 5, Testing and inspection of welds, in parallel with its approval by the ISO member bodies. This document constitutes a consolidated version. Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 5 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at http://www.iso.org.

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved UNI EN ISO 23277:2010

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UNI EN ISO 23277:2010

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

ISO 23277:2006(E)

Non-destructive testing of welds — Penetrant testing of welds — Acceptance levels

1

Scope

This International Standard specifies acceptance levels for indications from surface breaking imperfections in metallic welds detected by penetrant testing. The acceptance levels are primarily intended for use during manufacture examination, but where appropriate they can be used for in-service inspection. The acceptance levels in this International Standard are based on detection capabilities that can be expected when using techniques specified in ISO 3452 and parameters recommended in Annex A. The acceptance levels can be related to welding standards, application standards, specifications or codes. Such a relationship is shown in ISO 17635 for ISO 5817 and ISO 10042.

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Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3452, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant inspection — General principles ISO 3452-2, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials ISO 5817, Welding — Fusion-welded ts in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections ISO 10042, Welding — Arc-welded ts in aluminium and its alloys — Quality levels for imperfections ISO 12706, Non-destructive testing — Terminology — used in penetrant testing ISO 17635, Non-destructive testing of welds — General rules for fusion welds in metallic materials ISO/TS 18173, Non-destructive testing — General and definitions EN 1330-2, Non-destructive testing — Terminology — Part 2: common to the non-destructive testing methods

3

and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the and definitions given in ISO/TS 18173, EN 1330-2 and ISO 12706 and the following apply. 3.1 linear indication indication having a length greater than three times its width

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved UNI EN ISO 23277:2010

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ISO 23277:2006(E)

3.2 non-linear indication indication having a length less than or equal to three times its width

4 4.1

Testing parameters General

Many parameters, either individually or in combination, will affect the shape and size of a penetrant indication produced by a weld imperfection. The following items are significant factors that will affect the shape and size of indications.

4.2

Sensitivity

Penetrant materials are classified in accordance with ISO 3452-2, including a sensitivity level which relates to the ability to detect small imperfections. Generally higher sensitivity materials should be used for the detection of small imperfections.

4.3

Surface condition

Surface condition is directly related to the minimum detectable imperfection size. Best results are normally achieved when inspecting smooth surfaces. Surface roughness or irregularities (e. g. undercut, spatter) can cause high background and non-relevant indications resulting in a low probability of detection for small imperfections.

4.4

Process and technique

Penetrant systems and techniques should be selected according to the test surface condition. In some cases the choice will have a direct effect on the limits of reliable detection, for example the removal of excess penetrant by swab cleaning on rough surfaces is not recommended when seeking small imperfections. Guidance on these matters is given in Annex A and in ISO 3452.

5 5.1

Acceptance levels General

The width of the test surface shall include the weld metal and the adjacent parent metal up to a distance of 10 mm on each side. Indications produced by penetrant testing do not usually display the same size and shape characteristics as the imperfection causing that indication. For the purposes of this standard, it is the size of the indication which should be assessed against the values shown in Table 1. Acceptance levels prescribed for linear indications are those corresponding to the evaluation level. Indications lower than this shall not be taken into . Normally, acceptable indications shall not be recorded. Local grinding may be used to improve the classification of all or part of a test surface when it is required to work to a higher detection limit than that recommended by the existing weld surface condition in Table A.1. Acceptance levels for welds in metallic materials are given in Table 1.

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© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved UNI EN ISO 23277:2010

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ISO 23277:2006(E)

Table 1 — Acceptance levels for indications Dimensions in millimetres Acceptance level a

Type of indication 1

2

3

Linear indication l = length of indication

lu2

lu4

lu8

Non-linear indication d = major axis dimension

du4

du6

du8

a Acceptance levels 2 and 3 may be specified with a suffix "X" which denotes that all linear indications detected shall be evaluated to level 1. However the probability of detection of indications smaller than those denoted by the original acceptance level can be low.

5.2

Evaluation of indications

Initial evaluation shall be carried out as described in ISO 3452 and final evaluation of indication size shall be carried out after a designated minimum development time has elapsed, and before the indication has degenerated such that it no longer represents the causing imperfection.

5.3

Grouped indications

Any adjacent indications separated by less than the major dimension of the smaller shall be assessed as a single, continuous indication. Grouped indications shall be evaluated in accordance with an application standard.

5.4

Removal of imperfections

Where the product specification permits, local grinding may be used to reduce or remove imperfections which are the cause of unacceptable indications. All such areas shall be re-tested and evaluated with the same penetrant system and technique.

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved UNI EN ISO 23277:2010

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ISO 23277:2006(E)

Annex A (informative) Recommended testing parameters

The recommended parameters for reliable detection of small imperfections are given in Table A.1. Table A.1 — Recommended testing parameters Acceptance level 1

Surface condition Fine surface

a

Type of penetrant system Fluorescent penetrant system, normal sensitivity or higher to ISO 3452-2. Colour contrast penetrant, high sensitivity to ISO 3452-2

2

Smooth surface b

Any

3

General surface c

Any

a

The weld cap and parent material offer smooth clean surfaces with negligible undercut, rippling and spatter. The surface finish is typical of welds made by automatic TIG-welding, submerged arc welding (fully mechanized) and manual metal arc welding process using iron powder electrodes.

b The weld cap and parent material offer reasonably smooth surfaces with minimal undercut, rippling and spatter. The surface finish is typical of welds made by manual metal arc welding vertical downwards and MAG welding using argon rich gas for the capping runs. c

The weld cap and parent material are in the as-welded condition. The surface finish is typical of welds produced by the manual metal arc and MAG welding processes in any position.

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UNI Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Via Sannio, 2 20137 Milano, Italia

Riproduzione vietata - Legge 22 aprile 1941 Nº 633 e successivi aggiornamenti.