Viscerosomatic Reflexes 45w5n

Viscerosomatic Reflexes System/Organ

Sympathetic

Head and neck Phrenic nerve

T1-T5 C3-C5 right

Myocardium Coronary artery Cardiac rate/rhythm

Cardiac T1-T5 left C3-C5 (sympathetic?) T1-T2 Respiratory

Upper respiratory tract

T1-T5

Lung Bronchomotor reflex Asthma reflex Bronchial mucosa reflex Lung parenchyma reflex Parietal pleura

T1-T4 T1-T3 ipsilateral T2 left T2-T3 ipsilateral T3-T4 ipsilateral T1-T12 Gastrointestinal T3-T6 right T5-T10 left [cardiac T4 right, fundus T5 left, pylorus T6 left]

Esophagus Stomach Duodenum Small intestine Appendix and Cecum Ascending colon Descending / Rectum Pancreas Liver/Gallbladder Spleen Kidney Proximal ureter Distal ureter Bladder Urethra External Genitalia Fallopian tubes Seminal Vescicles Prostate Ovaries Testis Uterus Pituitary Thyroid Adrenal glands

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T6-T8 right T8-T10 bilateral or right T9-T12 right T11-L1 right L1-L3 left T5-T9 bilateral or right T5-T10 right T7-T9 left Urinary Tract T9-L1 ipsilateral T11-L3 ipsilateral

Parasympathetic

Occiput, C1, C2 C2 left (vagus) Trigeminal: final common pathway, temporalis muscles, occiput, C1, C2

Occiput, C1, C2

Occiput, C1, C2

S2-S4 Occiput, C1, C2

Occiput, C1, C2 Occiput, C1, C2 S2-S4 S2-S4

T11-L2 ipsilateral Genital Tract T12 bilateral T10-L2 ipsilateral

S2-S4

T0-T11 ipsilateral T9-L2 bilateral

S2-S4

Endocrine C1-C2 (midcervical, upper thoracic) T2 (upper thoracic flexion hump) T8-T10 ipsilateral

cranial C2 (vagus)

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Viscerosomatic Reflexes Nelson KE, Glonek T, eds. Viscerosomatic and Somatovisceral Reflexes. In: Somatic Dysfunction in Osteopathic Family Medicine. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2007: 33-35. Ward R, eds. Foundations for Osteopathic Medicine. 2nd Ed. Philadelphia, PA; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003: 508. Savarese R, Capobianco J, Cox J. OMT Review: A Comprehensive Review in Osteopathic Medicine. 3rd Ed. OMT Publishing; 2003: 104. Nye Z, Lavelle J, Mayer S, et al. First Aid for the COMLEX: An Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Review. 2nd Ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2009: 151-3.

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