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.in
.co
. . . .. . Dr. Y.N. RAO
ho o
LEARN SANSKRIT--MODULE-52
@ ya
‘ivixil'œ ivixil'œ’(THE POTENTIAL MOOD)
nr ao
[³mz> ³mz> - kramaçaù (Continued...)] 1. In this Module, let us learn how to use the Potential Mood in Sanskrit in Third Person besides its some other usages.
palam Ahn!
O"
ahan
do cto
plm!(N.S.) =Second
ry
pdpircy> (INTRODUCTION TO WORDS):
2.
Ah>(N.S.) = Day Ah> ahaù idnm!(N.S.) = Day dinam
vasr>(MS.) = Day vasr>
divasaù
väsaraù
RA
idvs> (MS.) = Day
N.
var>(MS.) = Day var>
kal>(M.S.) = Time kal> kälaù
vela(F.S.) = Time a
àat>kal>(M.S.) = Morning àat>kal>
velä
prätaùkälaù
"D
r.
Y.
väraù
1
ho o
.co
.in
N.B.: The ‘Singular’, ‘Dual’ and ‘Plural’ Forms of all the Words introduced in the previous Modules-2 to 40 PLUS Numbers in Sanskrit and their related items introduced in the Modules-41 to 44; and Names of the Days of the Week and Words introduced in the Modules-45 to 51 are given in the Annexure-‘A’ to ‘LEARN SANSKRIT—MODULE-52.
@ ya
3.1. Pronouns of the Third Person(àwmpu àwmpué;svRnamzBda>) amzBda>
étäm
$yu> éyuù
do cto
ét
$tam!
ry
$t!
nr ao
3.2. The Verb is formed by adding the following Suffixes of the Potential Mood to the stem of the concerned Root Verb:
3.3. The following are the Pronouns of the Third Person: pui‘
O"
s>(M.S.) = He(That) Distant Person(s) s>
RA
taE(M.D.) = They two(Those two) te(M.P.) = They many(Those many)
N.
@;>(M.S.) = He(This) Nearer Person(s) @;>
@te(M.P.) = They many(These many)
"D
r.
Y.
@taE(M.D.) = They two(These two)
2
.in
Aym!(M.S.) = He(This) Nearer Person(s)
.co
#maE(M.D.) = They two(These two)
@ ya
ôIil
ho o
#me(M.P.) = They many(These many)
sa(F.S.) = She(That) Distant Person(s) sa
nr ao
te(F.D.) = They two(Those two)
ry
ta>(F.P.) = They many(Those many) ta>
do cto
@;a(F.S.) = She(This) Nearer Person(s) @;a @te(F.D.) = They two(These two)
O"
@ta>(F.P.) = They many(These many) @ta> #ym!(F.S.) = She(This) Nearer Person(s)
RA
#me(F.D.) = They two(These two) #ma>(F.P.) #ma> = They many(These many)
N.
npu<skil
"D
r.
Y.
tt!(N.S.) = It(That) Distant Object(s) te(N.D.) = They two(Those two)
tain(N.P.) = They many(Those many) tain
3
.co
.in @te(N.D.) = They two(These two)
@ ya
@tain(N.P.) = They many(These many) @tain
ho o
@tt!(N.S.) = It(This) Nearer Object(s)
nr ao
#dm!(N.S.) = It(This) Nearer Object(s) #me(N.D.) = They two(These two)
do cto
ry
#main(N.P.) = They many(These many) #main
3.4. i³ya>(VERBS) - àwmpué;> (THIRD PERSON) - In Potential Mood: i³ya>
r.
Y.
N.
RA
Root Verb
"D
Aqœ = to wander
@kvcne
iÖvcne iÖvcne
b÷vcn
In Singular Number
In Dual Number
In Plural Number
O"
xatu>
s>(M.S.)=He(That) s>
taE(M.D.)=They(Those)two
te(M.P.)=They(Those)many
@;>(M.S.)=He(This) @;>
@taE(M.D.)=They(These)two
@te(M.P.)=They(These)many
Aym!(M.S.)=He(This)
#maE(M.D.)=They(These)two
#me(M.P.)=They(These)many
sa(F.S.)=She(That) sa
te(F.D.)=They(Those)two
ta>(F.P.)=They(Those)many ta>
@;a(F.S.)=She(This) @;a
@te(F.D.)=They(These)two
@ta>(F.P.)=They(These)many @ta>
#ym!(F.S.)=She(This)
#me(F.D.)=They(These)two
#ma>(F.P.)=They(These)many #ma>
tt!(N.S.)=It(That)
te(N.D..)=They(Those)two
tain(N.P.)=They(Those)many tain
@tt! (N.S.)=It(This)
@te(N.D..)=They(These)two
@tain(N.P.)=They(These)many @tain
#dm!(N.S.)=It(This)
#me(N.D..)=They(These)two
#main(N.P.)=They(These)many #main
Aqet!
Aqetam!
Aqeyu>
4
Atetam!
Ateyu>
AnuÉvet!
AnuÉvetam!
AnuÉveyu>
Anusret!
Anusretam!
Ac!R = to worship
AceRt!
AceRtam!
Aj!R = to earn
AjeRt!
AjeRtam!
AhœR = to worship
AheRt!
AheRtam!
AheRyu>
Avéhœ/Avraehœ = to
Avraehet!
Avraehetam!
Avraeheyu>
AnuÉv! = to
.co
constantly feel/experience
Aa+gm! Aa gm!(gCDœ) /
AagCDet!
ry
Syatam!
Syu>
AagCDetam!
AagCDeyu>
AajRyet!
AajRyetam!
AajRyeyu>
Aa+nI Aany! = Aanyet! Aa nI(ny! nI ny!)/Aany!
Aanyetam!
Aanyeyu>
Aaraehet!
Aaraehetam!
Aaraeheyu>
Aa+þe Aa þee/Aaþy! = to
Aaþyet!
Aaþyetam!
Aaþyeyu>
#CDet!
#CDetam!
#CDeyu>
AagCD œ= to come AajRy! = to
to bring
RA
earn/acquire
do cto
Syat!
AjeRyu>
O"
As! = to be
AceRyu>
N.
climb down
nr ao
follow
Anusreyu>
@ ya
Anus&/Anusrœ = to
Aaéhœ/Aaraehœ = to
r.
Y.
climb up
"D
call
#;!/#CDœ = to
5
.in
Atet!
ho o
At! = to go
%iÄóet!
%iÄóetam!
%iÄóeyu>
%Twapyet!
%Twapyetam!
%Twapyeyu>
%˜aqyet!
%˜aqyetam!
%pivzet!
%pivzetam!
%phret!
%phretam!
%phreyu>
kwyetam!
kwyeyu>
.co
%TSwa/%iÄóœ %TSwa %iÄóœ = to
%˜qœ/%˜aqy! = to
to sit %phœ/%phrœ = to offer/give
ry
%p+ivz! %p ivz!/%pivz! =
nr ao
open
@ ya
lift
ho o
stand/get up/wake-up %Twa/%Twapy! %Twa %Twapy! = to
%˜aqyeyu> %pivzeyu>
kwyet!
k'œ]!/ka'œ]! = to
ka'œ]et!
ka'œ]etam!
ka'œ]eyu>
k…Pyet!
k…Pyetam!
k…Pyeyu>
kªjet!
kªjetam!
kªjeyu>
k«/krœ = to do
k…yaRt!
k…yaRtam!
k…yuR>
k«;!/k;!R = to
k;eRt!
k;eRtam!
k;eRyu>
³Ndet!
³Ndetam!
³Ndeyu>
kªj! = to
RA
angry
O"
k…p!/k…Py! = to get
do cto
kw!/kwy! = to tell wish
Y.
N.
chirp/hum
attract/pull
"D
r.
³Ndœ = to weep/cry
6
.in
wish/want
³I[Iyatam!
³I[Iyu>
³Ifœ = to play
³Ifet!
³Ifetam!
³Ifeyu>
i]p! = to throw
i]pet!
i]petam!
i]peyu>
on! = to dig
onet!
onetam!
oadœ = to eat
oadet!
oadetam!
oel! = to play
oele lt e !
oeletam!
g[!/g[y! = to
g[yet!
g[yetam!
gdœ = to speak
gdet!
gdetam!
gm!/gCDœ = to go
gCDet!
gj!R = to roar
gjeRt!
gjeRtam!
gjeRyu>
g&hœ/g&þ‰ = to take
g&þIyat!
g&þIyatam!
g&þIyu>
gE/gay! = to sing
gayet!
gayetam!
gayeyu>
g&ŸIyat!
g&ŸIyatam!
g&ŸIyu>
"&;!/";!R = to rub
";eRt!
";eRtam!
";eRyu>
ºa/ijº! ºa ijº! = to smell
ijºet!
ijºetam!
ijºeyu>
crœ = to go/move
cret!
cretam!
creyu>
cvRyetam!
cvRyeyu>
O"
ho o oneyu>
@ ya
nr ao
ry
oadeyu> oeleyu>
g[yeyu> gdeyu> gCDeyu>
RA
¢hœ/g&Ÿ‰œ = to
gCDetam!
do cto
count
r.
Y.
N.
accept/ take/ receive/ accommodate
"D
cv!R/cvRy! = to chew cvRyet!
7
.in
³I[Iyat! ³I[Iyat!
.co
³I/³I[! ³I ³I[! = to buy
cletam!
cleyu>
icNt!/icNty! = to
icNtyet!
icNtyetam!
icNtyeyu>
cetet!
cetetam!
ceteyu>
caeryet!
caeryetam!
jnyet!
jnyetam!
jp! = to mutter
jpet!
jpetam!
jpeyu>
ij/jy! ij jy! = to
jyet!
jyetam!
jyeyu>
ho o
think ict!/cet! = To
create
do cto
conquer
ry
jn!/jny! = to
nr ao
steal
caeryeyu>
@ ya
understand curœ/caery! = to
jnyeyu>
Jvlet!
Jvletam!
Jvleyu>
}a/ja }a ja/jan! ja jan! = to
janIyat!
janIyatam!
janIyu>
jIvet!
jIvetam!
jIveyu>
tafyet!
tafyetam!
tafyeyu>
tp! = to heat
tpet!
tpetam!
tpeyu>
t&;!/t&:y! y! = to
t&:yet!
t&:yetam!
t&:yeyu>
tret!
tretam!
treyu>
jIv! = to live
RA
tfœ/tafy! = to
O"
Jvl! = to burn know
Y.
N.
strike/beat
become thirsty
"D
r.
t¨/trœ = to cross/overcome
8
.in
clet!
.co
cl! = to walk
tudetam!
tudeyu>
Tyjet!
Tyjetam!
Tyjeyu>
d
dzet!
dzetam!
dhœ = to burn
dhet!
dhetam!
ho o
†z!/dz!R/ pZy! = to
pZyet!
pZyetam!
Ôúy! = to see
Ôúyet!
Ôúyetam!
Ôúyeyu>
da/ddœ da ddœ = to give
d*at!
d*atam!
d*u>
da/yCDœ da yCDœ= to give
yCDet!
yCDetam!
yCDeyu>
xav! = to run
xavet!
xavetam!
xaveyu>
x&/xrœ = to hold
xret!
xretam!
xreyu>
x&/ = to wear xaryet!
xaryetam!
xaryeyu>
Xyayet!
Xyayetam!
Xyayeyu>
nNdet!
nNdetam!
nNdeyu>
ndœ = to sound
ndet!
ndetam!
ndeyu>
nm! = to
nmet!
nmetam!
nmeyu>
inNdet!
inNdetam!
inNdeyu>
.in
tudet!
ry
taedœ/tudœ = To Tyj! = to give
.co
hit/push up/let go
meditate
do cto
O"
RA
XyE/ = to nNdœ = to be
dheyu>
@ ya
nr ao
see
dzeyu>
pZyeyu>
r.
Y.
N.
glad/rejoice
"D
salute/bow inNdœ = to
9
ingRCDet!
ingRCDetam!
ingRCDeyu>
inÔa/inÔ‰ inÔa inÔ‰ = to sleep inÔet!
inÔetam!
inÔeyu>
invs! = to live
invset!
invsetam!
inóIv! = to spit
inóIvet!
inóIvetam!
inSs&/inSsrœ = to
inSsret!
inSsretam!
nyet!
nyetam!
nyeyu>
n&Tyetam!
n&Tyeyu>
pcetam!
pceyu>
.co
ingRm!/ingRCDœ = to
@ ya
inóIveyu>
inSsreyu>
pcet!
pQœ = to read/study
pQet!
pQetam!
pQeyu>
pt! = to fall
ptet!
ptetam!
pteyu>
do cto
pc! = to cook
O"
n&t!/n&Ty!= to dance n&Tyet!
nr ao
take away/lead
invse invseyu>
ry
nI/ny! nI ny! = to take/
ho o
come out
come out
.in
condemn/blame
ipbet!
ipbetam!
ipbeyu>
pUj!/pUjy! = to
pUjyet!
pUjyetam!
pUjyeyu>
à]alyet!
à]alyetam!
à]alyeyu>
àCDœ/p&CDœ = to ask
p&CDet!
p&CDetam!
p&CDeyu>
àit+Aa àit Aa+gm! Aa gm!(gCDœ)/
àTyagCDet!
àTyagCDetam!
àTyagCDeyu>
worship
RA
pa/ipb! pa ipb! = to drink
N.
à]l!/à]aly! = to
"D
r.
Y.
wash/clean
àTyagCDœ = to 10
àitgCDeyu>
à[m! = to salute
à[met!
à[metam!
àvhœ = to flow
àvhet!
àvhetam!
àe;! = to send
àe;et!
àe;etam!
bux!/baex! = to
baexet!
baexetam!
É]!/É]y! É]y! = to eat
É]yet!
É]yetam!
Éj! = to worship
Éjet!
Éjetam!
Éjeyu>
ÉU/Év! = to be
Évet!
Évetam!
Éveyu>
É&/Érœ = To fill
Éret!
Éretam!
Éreyu>
æm! = to roam
æmet!
æmetam!
æmeyu>
m¾et!
m¾etam!
m¾eyu>
iml! = to meet
imlet!
imletam!
imleyu>
muCDœR/mUCDœR = to
mUCDeRt!
mUCDeRtam!
mUCDeRyu>
muýet!
muýetam!
muýeyu y>u
yjet!
yjetam!
yjeyu>
àitgCDœ = to go
O"
RA
Y.
faint
N.
a bath
@ ya
àvheyu> àe;eyu> baexeyu>
É]yeyu>
r.
maehœ/muý! = to
à[meyu>
nr ao
do cto
understand
ho o
towards/go unto
mSj!/m¾! m¾! = to take
"D
become confused yj! = to worship
.in
àitgCDetam!
àit+gm! àit gm!(gCDœ)/
.co
àitgCDe àitgCDet!
ry
return
11
yapyetam!
yapyeyu>
r]et!
r]etam!
r]eyu>
rcyet!
rcyetam!
rs!/rsy! = to taste
rsyet!
rsyetam!
éhœ/raehœ = to grow
raehet!
raehetam!
ilo! = to write
iloet!
iloetam!
iloeyu>
vdœ = to speak
vdet!
vdetam!
vdeyu>
vp! = to sow
vpet!
vpetam!
vpeyu>
vs! = to live
vset!
vsetam!
vseyu>
vhœ = to flow
vhet!
vhetam!
vheyu>
ìj! = to go
ìjet!
ìjetam!
ìjeyu>
vaÁDet!
vaÁDetam!
vaÁDeyu>
ivks! = to blossom
ivkset!
ivksetam!
ivkseyu>
ivz! = to enter
ivzet!
ivzetam!
ivzeyu>
z<s! = to praise
z<set!
z<setam!
z<seyu>
zkœ/z²œ z²= to be
z²…yat!
z²…yatam!
z²…yu>
zaecet!
zaecetam!
zaeceyu>
r]! = to
Y.
N.
do cto
O"
RA
vaÁDœ = to wish
nr ao
make
rcyeyu>
@ ya
rc!/ = to
ho o
save/protect
.co
waste
rsyeyu> raeheyu>
r.
possible
"D
zuc!/zaec! = to
12
.in
yapyet!
ry
ya/yapy! ya yapy! = to
z&[uyat!
z&[uyatam!
z&[uyu>
sdœ/sIdœ = to sit
sIdet! \
sIdetam!
sIdeyu>
sax!/saxy! = to
saxyet!
saxyetam!
itóet!
itóetam!
Swapyet!
Swapyetam!
.co
ïu/z&/z&[! = to
put/keep
itóeyu>
Swapyeyu>
õayatam!
õayu>
sexetam! tam!
sexeyu>
sexet!
sUc!/sUcy! = to
sUcyet!
sUcyetam!
sUcyeyu>
s&/srœ = to move
sret!
sretam!
sreyu>
s&j! = to create
s&jet!
s&jetam!
s&jeyu>
Sp&zet!
Sp&zetam!
Sp&zeyu>
Smret!
Smretam!
Smreyu>
SvIk…yaRt!
SvIk…yaRtam!
SvIk…yuR>
övet!
övetam!
öveyu>
do cto
isx!/sex! = to go
O"
õa = to take a bath õayat!
ry
Swa/Swapy! Swa Swapy! = to
nr ao
stand/stay/wait
saxyeyu>
@ ya
Swa/itóœ Swa itóœ = to
ho o
hear/listen to
accomplish
inform
RA
Sp&z! = to touch
N.
Sm&/Smrœ = to
Y.
SvIk«/ः = to accept
"D
r.
öu/öv! = to ooze/leak
13
.in
suffer/grieve
hsetam!
hseyu>
ù/hrœ hrœ = to steal
hret!
hretam!
hreyu>
.in
hset!
@ ya
ho o
.co
hs! = to laugh
4. vaKyàyaeg> - väkyaprayogaù (SYNTAX):
nr ao
àwmpué;e = (IN THIRD PERSON):
prathamapuruñe = (IN THIRD PERSON):
ry
s> iz]k> Évet!, = He(That) may become a teacher(M).
do cto
saù çikñakaù bhavet
@;> iz]k> Évet!, = He(This) may become a teacher(M). eñaù çikñakaù bhavet
O"
Ay< iz]k> Évet!, = He(This) may become a teacher(M).
RA
ayaà çikñakaù bhavet
taE iz]kaE Évetam!, = They(Those) two may become two teachers(M). tau çikñakau bhavetäm
N.
@taE iz]kaE Évetam!, = They(These)two may become two teachers(M).
Y.
etau çikñakau bhavetäm
r.
#maE iz]kaE Évetam!, = They(These)two may become two teachers(M).
"D
imau çikñakau bhavetäm
14
.in
.co
te iz]ka> Éveyu>, = They(Those)(many) may become (many) teachers(M). te çikñakäù bhaveyuù
ho o
@te iz]ka> Éveyu>,=They(These)(many) may become (many) teachers(M). , ete çikñakäù bhaveyuù
@ ya
#me iz]ka> may become (many) teachers(M). iz]ka> Éveyu>,=They(These)(many) , ime çikñakäù bhaveyuù
nr ao
sa izi]ka Évet!, = She(That) may become a teacher(F). sä çikñikä bhavet
ry
@;a izi]ka Évet!, = She(This) may become a teacher(F). eñä çikñikä bhavet iyaà çikñikä bhavet
do cto
#y< izi]ka Évet!, = She(This) may become a teacher(F).
O"
te izi]ke Évetam!, = They(Those)two may become two teachers(F). te çikñike bhavetäm
RA
@te izi]ke Évetam!, = They(These)two may become two teachers(F). ete çikñike bhavetäm
N.
#me izi]ke Évetam!, = They(These)two may become two teachers(F).
"D
r.
Y.
ime çikñike bhavetäm
15
.in
ta> izi]ka> Éveyu>,=They(Those)(many) may become (many) teachers(F). ,
.co
täù çikñikäù bhaveyuù
@ta> izi]ka> Éveyu>,=They(These)(many) may become (many) teachers(F). ,
ho o
etäù çikñikäù bhaveyuù
#ma> izi]ka> Éveyu>,=They(These)(many) may become (many) teachers(F). ,
nr ao
@ ya
imäù çikñikäù bhaveyuù
tat béjaà våukñaù bhavet
ry
tt! bIj< v&]> Évet!, = That seed may become a tree.
do cto
@tt! bIj< v&]> Évet!, = This seed may become a tree. etat béjaà våukñaù bhavet
#dm! bIj< v&]> Évet!, = This seed may become a tree.
O"
idam béjaà våukñaù bhavet
RA
te bIje v&]aE Évetam!, = Those two seeds may become two trees. te béje våukñau bhavetäm
N.
@te bIje v&]aE Évetam!, = These two seeds may become two trees.
Y.
ete béje våukñau bhavetäm #me bIje v&]aE Évetam!, = These two seeds may become two trees.
"D
r.
ime béje våukñau bhavetäm
16
.in
tain bIjain v&]a> Éveyu>, = Those(many) seeds may become (many) trees.
.co
täni béjäni våukñäù bhaveyuù
@tain bIjain v&]a> Éveyu>, = These(many) seeds may become (many) trees.
ho o
etäni béjäni våukñäù bhaveyuù
#main bIjain v&]a> Éveyu>, = These(many) seeds may become (many) trees.
nr ao
@ ya
imäni béjäni våukñäù bhaveyuù
saù ämraphalaà khädet
ry
s> Aaè)l< oadet!, = He(That) may eat a mango fruit.
do cto
@;> Aaè)l< oadet!, = He(This) may eat a mango fruit. eñaù ämraphalaà khädet
Ay< Aaè)l< oadet!, = He(This) may eat a mango fruit.
O"
ayam ämraphalaà khädet
RA
taE Aaè)l< oadetam!, = They(Those) two(M) may eat a mango fruit. tau ämraphalaà khädetäm
N.
@taE Aaè)l< oadetam!, = They(These) two(M) may eat a mango fruit.
Y.
etau ämraphalaà khädetäm #maE Aaè)l< oadetam!, = They(These) two(M) may eat a mango fruit.
"D
r.
imau ämraphalaà khädetäm
17
.in
te Aaè)l< oadeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M) may eat a mango fruit.
.co
te ämraphalaà khädeyuù
@te Aaè)l< oadeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may eat a mango fruit.
ho o
ete ämraphalaà khädeyuù
#me Aaè)l< oadeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may eat a mango fruit.
nr ao
@ ya
ime ämraphalaà khädeyuù
sä ämraphalaà khädet
ry
sa Aaè)l< oadet!, = She(That) may eat a mango fruit.
do cto
@;a Aaè)l< oadet!, = She(This) may eat a mango fruit. eñä ämraphalaà khädet
#y< Aaè)l< oadet!, = She(This) may eat a mango fruit.
O"
iyam ämraphalaà khädet
RA
te Aaè)l< oadetam!, = They(Those) two(F) may eat a mango fruit. te ämraphalaà khädetäm
N.
@te Aaè)l< oadetam!, = They(These) two(F) may eat a mango fruit.
Y.
ete ämraphalaà khädetäm #me Aaè)l< oadetam!, = They(These) two(F) may eat a mango fruit.
"D
r.
ime ämraphalaà khädetäm
18
.in
ta> Aaè)l< oadeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may eat a mango fruit.
.co
täù ämraphalaà khädeyuù
@ta> Aaè)l< oadeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may eat a mango fruit.
ho o
etäù ämraphalaà khädeyuù
#ma> Aaè)l< oadeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may eat a mango fruit.
nr ao
@ ya
imäù ämraphalaà khädeyuù
saù videçaà gacchet
ry
s> ivdez< gCDet!, = He(That) may go to a foreign country.
do cto
@;> ivdez< gCDet!, = He(This) may go to a foreign country. eñaù videçaà gacchet
Ay< ivdez< gCDet!, = He(This) may go to a foreign country.
O"
ayaà videçaà gacchet
RA
taE ivdez< gCDetam!, = They(Those) two(M) may go to a foreign country. tau videçaà gacchetäm
N.
@taE ivdez< gCDetam!, = They(These) two(M) may go to a foreign country.
Y.
etau videçaà gacchetäm #maE ivdez< gCDetam!, = They(These) two(M) may go to a foreign country.
"D
r.
imau videçaà gacchetäm
19
.in
te ivdez< gCDeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M) may go to a foreign country.
.co
te videçaà gaccheyuù
@te ivdez< gCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may go to a foreign country.
ho o
ete videçaà gaccheyuù
#me ivdez< gCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may go to a foreign country.
nr ao
@ ya
ime videçaà gaccheyuù
ry
sa ivdez< gCDet!, = She(That) may go to a foreign country. sä videçaà gacchet
eñä videçaà gacchet
do cto
@;a ivde ivdez< gCDet!, = She(This) may go to a foreign country. #y< ivdez< gCDet!, = She(This) may go to a foreign country.
O"
iyaà videçaà gacchet
RA
te ivdez< gCDetam!, = They(Those) two(F) may go to a foreign country. te videçaà gacchetäm
N.
@te ivdez< gCDetam!, = They(These) two(F) may go to a foreign country.
Y.
ete videçaà gacchetäm #me ivdez< gCDetam!, = They(These) two(F) may go to a foreign country.
"D
r.
ime videçaà gacchetäm
20
.in
ta> ivdez< gCDeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may go to a foreign country.
.co
täù videçaà gaccheyuù
@ta> ivdez< gCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may go to a foreign country.
ho o
etäù videçaà gaccheyuù
#ma> ivdez< gCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may go to a foreign country.
nr ao
@ ya
imäù videçaà gaccheyuù
ry
s> devm! AceRt!, = He(That) may worship the God. saù devam arcet
eñaù devam arcet
do cto
@;> devm! AceRt!, = He(This) may worship the God. Ay< devm! AceRt!, = He(This) may worship the God.
O"
ayaà devam arcet
RA
taE devm! AceRtam!, = They(Those) two(M) may worship the God. tau devam arcetäm
N.
@taE devm! AceRtam! am!, = They(These) two(M) may worship the God.
Y.
etau devam arcetäm #maE devm! AceRtam!, = They(These) two(M) may worship the God.
"D
r.
imau devam arcetäm
21
.in
te devm! AceRyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M) may worship the God.
.co
te devam arceyuù
@te devm! AceRyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may worship the God.
ho o
ete devam arceyuù
#me devm! AceRyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may worship the God.
nr ao
@ ya
ime devam arceyuù
ry
sa devm! AceRt!, = She(That) may worship the God. sä devam arcet
eñä devam arcet
do cto
@;a devm! AceRt!, = She(This) may worship the God. #y< devm! AceRt!, = She(This) may worship the God.
O"
iyaà devam arcet
RA
te devm! AceRtam!, = They(Those) two(F) may worship the God. te devam arcetäm
N.
@te devm! AceRtam!, = They(These) two(F) may worship the God.
Y.
ete devam arcetäm #me devm! AceRtam!, = They(These) two(F) may worship the God.
"D
r.
ime devam arcetäm
22
.in
ta> devm! AceRyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may worship the God.
.co
täù devam arceyuù
@ta> devm! AceRyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may worship the God.
ho o
etäù devam arceyuù
#ma> devm! AceRyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may worship the God.
nr ao
@ ya
imäù devam arceyuù
do cto
saù çvaù dehalétaù ägacchet
ry
s> ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet!, = He(That) may come from Delhi tomorrow. @;> ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet!, = He(This) may come from Delhi tomorrow. eñaù çvaù dehalétaù ägacchet
O"
Ay< ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet!, = He(This) may come from Delhi tomorrow.
RA
ayaà çvaù dehalétaù ägacchet taE ñ> dehlIt> AagCDetam!, = They(Those) two(M) may come from Delhi tau çvaù dehalétaù ägacchetäm
N.
[tomorrow.
Y.
@taE ñ> de dehlIt> AagCDetam!, = They(These) two(M) may come from Delhi etau çvaù dehalétaù ägacchetäm
[tomorrow.
r.
#maE ñ> dehlIt> AagCDetam!, = They(These) two(M) may come from Delhi imau çvaù dehalétaù ägacchetäm
"D
[tomorrow.
23
.in
.co
te ñ> dehlIt> AagCDeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M) may come from Delhi te çvaù dehalétaù ägaccheyuù
[tomorrow.
ho o
@te ñ> dehlIt> AagCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may come from Delhi. ete çvaù dehalétaù ägaccheyuù
[tomorrow.
@ ya
#me ñ> dehlIt> AagCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may come from Delhi [tomorrow.
nr ao
ime çvaù dehalétaù ägaccheyuù
sä çvaù dehalétaù ägacchet
ry
sa ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet!, = She(That) may come from Delhi tomorrow.
do cto
@;a ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet!, = She(This) may come from Delhi tomorrow. eñä çvaù dehalétaù ägacchet
#y< ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet!, = She(This) may come from Delhi tomorrow.
RA
O"
iyaà çvaù dehalétaù ägacchet te ñ> dehlIt> AagCDetam!, = They(Those) two(F) may come from Delhi te çvaù dehalétaù ägacchetäm
N.
[tomorrow.
Y.
@te ñ> dehlIt> AagCDetam!, = They(These) two(F) may come from Delhi ete çvaù dehalétaù ägacchetäm
[tomorrow.
r.
#me ñ> dehlIt> AagCDetam!, = They(These) two(F) may come from Delhi ime çvaù dehalétaù ägacchetäm
"D
[tomorrow.
24
.in
ta> ñ> dehlIt> AagCDeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may come from Delhi täù çvaù dehalétaù ägaccheyuù
.co
[tomorrow.
@ta> ñ> dehlIt> AagCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may come from Delhi etäù çvaù dehalétaù ägaccheyuù
ho o
[tomorrow.
#ma> ñ> dehlIt> AagCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may come from Delhi [tomorrow.
nr ao
@ ya
imäù çvaù dehalétaù ägaccheyuù
s> A* kayaRly< n gCDet!, = He(That) may not go to the office today.
ry
saù adya käryälayaà na gacchet
do cto
@;> A* kayaR kayaRly< n gCDet!, = He(This) may not go to the office today. eñaù adya käryälayaà na gacchet Ay< A* kayaRly< n gCDet!, = He(This) may not go to the office today.
O"
ayam adya käryälayaà na gacchet
RA
taE A* kayaRly< n gCDetam!,=They(Those) two(M) may not go to the office tau adya käryälayaà na gacchetäm
[today.
N.
@taE A* kayaRly< n gCDetam!,=They(These) two(M) may not go to the office etau adya käryälayaà na gacchetäm
[today.
Y.
#maE A* kayaRly< n gCDetam!,=They(These) two(M) may not go to the office
"D
r.
imau adya käryälayaà na gacchetäm
25
[today.
.in
te A* kayaRly< n gCDeyu>,=They(Those) (many)(M) may not go to the office , te adya käryälayaà na gaccheyuù
.co
[today.
@te A* kayaRly< n gCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may not go to the office ete adya käryälayaà na gaccheyuù
ho o
[today.
[today.
nr ao
ime adya käryälayaà na gaccheyuù
@ ya
#me A* kayaRly< n gCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may not go to the office
ry
sa A* kayaRly< n gCDet!, = She(That) may not go to the office today. sä adya käryälayaà na gacchet
do cto
@;a A* kayaRly< n gCDet!, = She(This) may not go to the office today. eñä adya käryälayaà na gacchet
#y< A* kayaRly< n gCDet!, = She(This) may not go to the office today.
O"
iyam adya käryälayaà na gacchet
RA
te A* kayaRly< n gCDetam!, = They(Those) two(F) may not go to the office te adya käryälayaà na gacchetäm
[today.
N.
@te A* kayaRly< n gCDetam!, = They(These) two(F) may not go to the office
Y.
ete adya käryälayaà na gacchetäm
[today.
#me A* kayaRly< n gCDetam!, = They(These) two(F) may not go to the office
"D
r.
ime adya käryälayaà na gacchetäm
26
[today.
.in
ta> A* kayaRly< n gCDeyu>,=They(Those) (many)(F) may not go to the office , [today.
.co
täù adya käryälayaà na gaccheyuù
@ta> A* kayaRly< n gCDeyu>,=They(These) (many)(F) may not go to the office , [today.
ho o
etäù adya käryälayaà na gaccheyuù
[today.
nr ao
imäù adya käryälayaà na gaccheyuù
@ ya
#ma> A* kayaRly< n gCDeyu>,=They(These) (many)(F) may not go to the office ,
ry
s> A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyet!, = He(That) may see a film today in the saù adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyet
[evening.
do cto
@;> A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyet!, = He(This) may see a film today in the eñaù adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyet
[evening.
Ay< A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyet!, = He(This) may see a film today in the
O"
ayam adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyet
[evening.
RA
taE A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyetam!,=They(Those) two(M) may see a film today tau adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyetäm
[in the evening.
N.
@taE A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyetam!,=They(These) two(M) may see a film today
Y.
etau adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyetäm
[in the evening.
#maE A* say»ale clicÇ< clicÇ< pZyetam!,=They(These) two(M) may see a film today
"D
r.
imau adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyetäm
27
[in the evening.
.in
te A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyeyu>,=They(Those)(many)(M) may see a film today , te adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyeyuù
.co
[in the evening.
@te A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyeyu>,=They(These)(many)(M) may see a film today , [in the evening.
ho o
ete adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyeyuù
#me A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyeyu>,=They(These)(many)(M) may see a film today , [in the evening.
nr ao
@ ya
ime adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyeyuù
ry
sa A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyet!, = She(That) may see a film today in the sä adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyet
[evening.
do cto
@;a A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyet!, = She(This) may see a film today in the eñä adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyet
[evening.
#y< A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyet!, = She(This) may see a film today in the
O"
iyam adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyet
[evening.
RA
te A* say»ale say»ale clicÇ< pZyetam!,=They(Those) two(F) may see a film today in te adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyetäm
[the evening.
N.
@te A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyetam!,=They(These) two(F) may see a film today in
Y.
ete adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyetäm
[the evening.
#me A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyetam!,=They(These) two(F) may see a film today in
"D
r.
ime adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyetäm
28
[the evening.
.in
ta> A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyeyu>,=They(Those)(many)(F) may see a film today , täù adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyeyuù
.co
[in the evening.
@ta> A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyeyu>,=They(These)(many)(F) may see a film today , [in the evening.
ho o
etäù adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyeyuù
#ma> A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyeyu>,=They(These)(many)(F) may see a film today , [in the evening.
nr ao
@ ya
imäù adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyeyuù
do cto
saù parvatam ärohet
ry
s> pvRtm! Aaraehet!, = He(That) may climb up the mountain. @;> pvRtm! Aaraehet!, = He(This) may climb up the mountain. eñaù parvatam ärohet
O"
Ay< pvRtm! Aaraehet!, = He(This) may climb up the mountain.
RA
ayaà parvatam ärohet
taE pvRtm! Aaraehetam!, = They(Those) two(M) may climb up the mountain.
N.
tau parvatam ärohetäm
Y.
@taE pvRtm! Aaraehetam!, = They(These) two(M) may climb up the mountain. etau parvatam ärohetäm
r.
#maE pvRtm! Aaraehetam!, = They(These) two(M) may climb up the mountain.
"D
imau parvatam ärohetäm
29
.in
te pvRtm! Aaraeheyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M) may climb up the mountain.
.co
te parvatam äroheyuù
@te pvRtm! Aaraeheyu>,=They(These) (many)(M) may climb up the mountain. ,
ho o
ete parvatam äroheyuù
#me pvRtm! Aaraeheyu>,=They(These) (many)(M) may climb up the mountain. ,
nr ao
@ ya
ime parvatam äroheyuù
ry
sa pvRtm! Aaraehet!, = She(That) may climb up the mountain. sä parvatam ärohet
eñä parvatam ärohet
do cto
@;a pvRtm! Aaraehet!, = She(This) may climb up the mountain. #y< pvRtm! Aaraehet!, = She(This) may climb up the mountain.
O"
iyaà parvatam ärohet
RA
te pvRtm! Aaraehetam!, = They(Those) two(F) may climb up the mountain. te parvatam ärohetäm
N.
@te pvRtm! Aaraehetam!, = They(These) two(F) may climb up the mountain.
Y.
ete parvatam ärohetäm #me pvRtm! Aaraehetam!, = They(These) two(F) may climb up the mountain.
"D
r.
ime parvatam ärohetäm
30
.in
ta> pvRtm! Aaraeheyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may climb up the mountain.
.co
täù parvatam äroheyuù
@ta> pvRtm! Aaraeheyu>,=They(These) (many)(F) may climb up the mountain. ,
ho o
etäù parvatam äroheyuù
#ma> pvRtm! Aaraeheyu>,=They(These) (many)(F) may climb up the mountain. ,
nr ao
@ ya
imäù parvatam äroheyuù
saù kathäà kathayet
ry
s> kwa< kwyet!, = He(That) may tell the story.
do cto
@;> kwa< kwyet!, = He(This) may tell the story. eñaù kathäà kathayet
Ay< kwa< kwyet!, = He(This) may tell the story.
O"
ayaà kathäà kathayet
RA
taE kwa< kwyetam!, = They(Those) two(M) may tell the story. tau kathäà kathayetäm
N.
@taE kwa< kwye kwyetam!, = They(These) two(M) may tell the story.
Y.
etau kathäà kathayetäm #maE kwa< kwyetam!, = They(These) two(M) may tell the story.
"D
r.
imau kathäà kathayetäm
31
.co
te kathäà kathayeyuù
.in
te kwa< kwyeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M) may tell the story. @te kwa< kwyeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may tell the story.
ho o
ete kathäà kathayeyuù
#me kwa< kwyeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may tell the story.
nr ao
@ ya
ime kathäà kathayeyuù
ry
sa kwa< kwyet!, = She(That) may tell the story.
sä kathäà kathayet| = She(That) may tell the story.
do cto
@;a kwa< kwyet!, = She(This) may tell the story. eñä kathäà kathayet| = She(This) may tell the story. #y< kwa< kwyet!, = She(This) may tell the story.
O"
iyaà kathäà kathayet| = She(This) may tell the story.
RA
te kwa< kwyetam!, = They(Those) two(F) may tell the story. te kathäà kathayetäm
N.
@te kwa< kwyetam!, = They(These) two(F) may tell the story.
Y.
ete kathäà kathayetäm #me kwa< kwyetam!, = They(These) two(F) may tell the story.
"D
r.
ime kathäà kathayetäm
32
.co
täù kathäà kathayeyuù
.in
ta> kwa< kwyeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may tell the story.
@ta> kwa< kwyeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may tell the story.
ho o
etäù kathäà kathayeyuù
#ma> kwa< kwyeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may tell the story.
nr ao
@ ya
imäù kathäà kathayeyuù
ry
s> vô< ³I[Iyat! = He(That) may buy the cloth.
saù vastraà kréëéyät = He(That) may buy the cloth.
do cto
@;> vô< ³I[Iyat! = He(This) may buy the cloth. eñaù vastraà kréëéyät = He(This) may buy the cloth. Ay< vô< ³I[Iyat! = He(This) may buy the cloth.
O"
ayaà vastraà kréëéyät = He(This) may buy the cloth.
RA
taE vô< ³I[Iyatam!, = They(Those) two(M) may buy the cloth. tau vastraà kréëéyätäm
N.
@taE vô< ³I[Iyatam!, = They(These) two(M) may buy the cloth.
Y.
etau vastraà kréëéyätäm #maE vô< ³I[Iyatam!, = They(These) two(M) may buy the cloth.
"D
r.
imau vastraà kréëéyätäm
33
.co
te vastraà kréëéyuù @te vô< ³I[Iyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may buy the cloth.
ho o
ete vastraà kréëéyuù
#me vô< ³I[Iyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may buy the cloth.
nr ao
@ ya
ime vastraà kréëéyuù
ry
sa vô< ³I[Iyat! = She(That) may buy the cloth. sä vastraà kréëéyät
do cto
@;a vô< ³I[Iyat! = She(This) may buy the cloth. eñä vastraà kréëéyät
.in
te vô< ³I[Iyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M) may buy the cloth.
#y< vô< ³I[Iyat! = She(This) may buy the cloth.
O"
iyaà vastraà kréëéyät
RA
te vô< ³I[Iyatam!, = They(Those) two(F) may buy the cloth. te vastraà kréëéyätäm
N.
@te vô< ³I[Iyatam!, = They(These) two(F) may buy the cloth.
Y.
ete vastraà kréëéyätäm #me vô< ³I[Iyatam!, = They(These) two(F) may buy the cloth.
"D
r.
ime vastraà kréëéyätäm
34
.co
täù vastraà kréëéyuù
.in
ta> vô< ³I[Iyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may buy the cloth.
@ta> vô< vô< ³I[Iyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may buy the cloth.
ho o
etäù vastraà kréëéyuù
#ma> vô< ³I[Iyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may buy the cloth.
nr ao
@ ya
imäù vastraà kréëéyuù
ry
s> AÚ< pcet! = He(That) may cook the food. saù annaà pacet
eñaù annaà pacet
do cto
@;> AÚ< pcet! = He(This) may cook the food. Aym! AÚ< pcet! = He(This) may cook the food.
O"
ayam annaà pacet
RA
taE AÚ< pcetam! = They(Those) two(M) may cook the food. tau annaà pacetäm
N.
@taE AÚ< pcetam! = They(These) two(M) may cook the food.
Y.
etau annaà pacetäm #maE AÚ< pcetam! tam! = They(These) two(M) may cook the food.
"D
r.
imau annaà pacetäm
35
.co
te annaà paceyuù @te AÚ< pceyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may cook the food.
ho o
ete annaà paceyuù
#me AÚ< pceyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may cook the food.
nr ao
@ ya
ime annaà paceyuù
ry
sa AÚ< pcet!, = She(That) may cook the food. sä annaà pacet
do cto
@;a AÚ< pcet!, = She(This) may cook the food. eñä annaà pacet
.in
te AÚ< pceyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M)may cook the food.
#ym! AÚ< pcet!, = She(This) may cook the food.
O"
iyam annaà pacet
RA
te AÚ< pcetam!, = They(Those) two(F) may cook the food. te annaà pacetäm
N.
@te AÚ< pcetam!, = They(These) two(F) may cook the food.
Y.
ete annaà pacetäm #me AÚ< pcetam!, = They(These) two(F) may cook the food.
"D
r.
ime annaà pacetäm
36
.co
täù annaà paceyuù
.in
ta> AÚ< pceyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may cook the food. @ta> AÚ< pceyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may cook the food.
ho o
etäù annaà paceyuù
#ma> AÚ< pceyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may cook the food.
@ ya
imäù annaà paceyuù
nr ao
***
4. ivivxvaKyain - vividhaväkyäni (MISCELLANEOUS SENTENCES):
ry
%pdez> - upadeçaù (ADVICE):
do cto
idva n inÔet!, = One should not sleep during the day-time. divä na nidret
DaÇ> idva n inÔet!, The student(M) should not sleep during the day-time.
O"
chätraù divä na nidret
RA
DaÇaE idva n inÔetam!, The two students(M) should not sleep during the chätrau divä na nidretäm
[day-time.
N.
DaÇa> idva n inÔeyu>, The (many) students(M) should not sleep during the chäträù divä na nidreyuù
"D
r.
Y.
[day-time.
37
.in
DaÇa idva n inÔet!, The student(F) should not sleep during the day-time.
.co
chäträ divä na nidret
DaÇe idva n inÔetam!, The two students(F) should not sleep during the chätre divä na nidretäm
ho o
[day-time.
DaÇa> idva n inÔeyu>, The (many) students(F) should not sleep during the
nr ao
#CDa - icchä (DESIRE):
@ ya
chäträù divä na nidreyuù
saù çéghraà svasthaù bhavet
ry
s> zIº< SvSw> Évet!, = May he become healthy soon.
do cto
sa zIº< SvSwa Évet!, = May she become healthy soon. sä çéghraà svasthä bhavet
O"
%ictkayRm! - ucitakäryam (APPROPRIATENESS): sda sTy< vdet!, = One should always speak the truth.
RA
sadä satyaà vadet
N.
AsTy< n vdet!, = One should not lie.
Y.
asatyaà na vadet
r.
v&Ïana< seva< k…yuR>, = All should serve the old people.
"D
våuddhänäà seväà kuryuù
38
[day-time.
.in
ivix> - vidhiù (INSTRUCTION):
.co
Évan! hStà]aln< k…yaRt!, = You(Respect)(M) have to wash your hands.
ho o
bhavän hastaprakñälanaà kuryät
sä präthanägétaà gäyet
nr ao
AamÙ[m! - ämantraëam (INVITATION):
@ ya
sa àawnagIt< gayet!, = She has to sing the prayer-song.
Évan! A* raÇaE mm g&he Éaejn< k…yaRt!,=You(Respect)(M) please dine at my house [tonight.
ry
bhavän adya rätrau mama gåuhe bhojanaà kuryät
do cto
sMàî> - sampraçnaù (QUERY):
ikm! #danIm! #danIm! Ah< Éaejn< k…yaRm! %t AXyynm!? = Shall I now dine or study? kim idäném ahaà bhojanaà kuryäm uta adhyayanam
O"
ANyvaKyain - anyaväkyäni (OTHER SENTENCES):
RA
sMÉbt> A* say»ale v&iò> Évet!, = Possibly it may rain today in the evening.
N.
sambhabataù adya säyaìkäle våuñöiù bhavet
Y.
àay> A* v&iò> n Évet!, = Generally it may not rain today.
"D
r.
präyaù adya våuñöiù na bhavet
*** 39
.in
LEARN SANSKRIT--MODULE-52 :: EXERCISE (A_yas> A_yas> abhyäsaù)
@kvcne
iÖvcne iÖvcne
Root Verb
In Singular Number
In Dual Number
In Plural Number
@taE(M.D.)=They(These)two
@te(M.P.)=They(These)many
#maE(M.D.)=They(These)two
#me(M.P.)=They(These)many
te(F.D.)=They(Those)two
ta>(F.P.)=They(Those)many ta>
@te(F.D.)=They(These)two
@ta>(F.P.)=They(These)many @ta>
#me(F.D.)=They(These)two
#ma>(F.P.)=They(These)many #ma>
te(N.D..)=They(Those)two
tain(N.P.)=They(Those)many tain
@tt! (N.S.)=It(This)
@te(N.D..)=They(These)two
@tain(N.P.)=They(These)many @tain
#dm!(N.S.)=It(This)
#me(N.D..)=They(These)two
#main(N.P.)=They(These)many #main
Aym!(M.S.)=He(This) sa(F.S.)=She(That) sa @;a(F.S.)=She(This) @;a #ym!(F.S.)=She(This)
do cto
tt!(N.S.)=It(That)
nr ao
te(M.P.)=They(Those)many
@;>(M.S.)=He(This) @;>
01. Ac!R = to
O"
worship
b÷vcne
taE(M.D.)=They(Those)two
ry
s>(M.S.)=He(That) s>
@ ya
xatu>
ho o
.co
[NOTE: Please complete this Exercise and keep it with you. The ‘KEY’ for this Exercise will be sent along with the next Module, when you can the Correctness or Otherwise of your Answers!] PART-A: Q.1.: Fill in the blanks in the following table with the suitable Potential Mood Forms of the concerned Root Verbs:-
RA
02. Aa+gm! Aa gm!(gCDœ) / AagCD œ= to come
N.
03. Aaéhœ/Aaraehœ = to climb up
Y.
04. kw!/kwy! = to tell
"D
r.
05. ³I/³I[! ³I ³I[! = to
buy
40
.in
06. oadœ = to eat
.co
07. gm!/gCDœ = to go
ho o
08. †z!/dz!R/ pZy! = to see
@ ya
09. pc! = to cook
nr ao
10. ÉU/Év! = to be
ry
Q.2..: Translate the following sentences into Sanskrit:-
do cto
01. He(That) may become a teacher(M). .................................................................................................. 02. They(Those) two(M) may eat a mango fruit.
O"
...................................................................................................
RA
03. They(Those) two(M) may not go to the office today. ...................................................................................................
N.
04. They(Those) two(M) may see a film today in the evening.
Y.
...................................................................................................
"D
r.
05. He(That) may tell the story. ...................................................................................................
41
.in
06. They(Those) two(M) may buy the cloth.
ho o
07. They(Those) (many)(M) may buy the cloth.
.co
...................................................................................................
@ ya
...................................................................................................
nr ao
08. He(That) may cook the food.
...................................................................................................
ry
09. They(Those) two(M) may cook the food.
do cto
................................................................................................... 10. They(Those) (many)(M) may cook the food.
O"
...................................................................................................
RA
Q.3..: Translate the following sentences into English:01. ta> AÚ< pceyu>,
Y.
N.
..................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
"D
r.
02. #ma> #ma> vô< ³I[Iyu>,
42
.in
03. @ta> kwa< kwyeyu>,
.co
...................................................................................................
ho o
04. ta> pvRtm! Aaraeheyu>,
@ ya
.................................................................................................. 05. sa pvRtm! Aaraehet!,
06. #y< A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyet!,
nr ao
...................................................................................................
do cto
07. #ma> A* kayaRly< n gCDeyu>,
ry
...................................................................................................
.................................................................................................. 08. @;a A* kayaRly< n gCDet!,
O"
...................................................................................................
RA
09. sa ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet!,
N.
................................................................................................... 10. #y< devm! AceRt!,
"D
r.
Y.
...................................................................................................
43
.co
01. One should not sleep during the day-time.
ho o
Q.1..: Translate the following sentences into Sanskrit:-
.in
PART-B:
@ ya
.................................................................................................. 02. The two students(M) should not sleep during the day-time.
nr ao
...................................................................................................
ry
03. One should always speak the truth. ...................................................................................................
do cto
04. You(Respect) have to wash your hands. [Use ‘Évan! Évan!’] ...................................................................................................
O"
05. Possibly it may rain today in the evening.
RA
................................................................................................... Q.2..: Translate the following sentences into English:-
N.
01. ikm! #danIm! Ah< Éaejn< k…yaRm! %t AXyynm!?
Y.
..................................................................................................
"D
r.
02. Évan! A* raÇaE mm g&he Éaejn< k…yaRt!, ...................................................................................................
44
.in
03. sa àawnagIt< gayet!,
.co
...................................................................................................
ho o
04. s> zIº< SvSw> Évet!,
..................................................................................................
@ ya
05. sa pvRtm! Aaraehet!,
nr ao
...................................................................................................
"D
r.
Y.
N.
RA
O"
do cto
ry
***
45
.in
‘KEY’
.co
LEARN SANSKRIT--MODULE-51 :: EXERCISE (A_yas> A_yas> abhyäsaù):
ho o
Q.1.: Fill in the blanks in the following table with the suitable Potential Mood Forms of the concerned Root Verbs:@kvcne
iÖvcne iÖvcne
Root Verb
In Singular Number
In Dual Number
Tvm! = You
yuvam! = You two
yUym! = You many
AceRtm!
AceRt
worship 02. Aa+gm! Aa gm!(gCDœ) / AagCDe>
AagCDet
Aaraehe>
Aaraehetm!
Aaraehet
kwye>
kwyetm!
kwyet
³I[Iya>
³I[Iyatm!
³I[Iyat
do cto
to climb up
= to buy
RA
05. ³I/³I[! ³I ³I[!
= to tell
O"
04. kw!/kwy!
In Plural Number
AagCDetm!
AagCD œ= to come 03. Aaéhœ/Aaraehœ =
nr ao
AceR>
ry
01. Ac!R = to
b÷vcne
@ ya
xatu>
06. oadœ = to eat
oade>
oadetm!
oadet
07. gm!/gCDœ
gCDe>
gCDetm!
gCDet
08. †z!/dz!R/ pZy! = pZye>
pZyetm!
pZyet
Y.
N.
= to go
to see
pce>
pcetm!
pcet
10. ÉU/Év! = to be
Éve>
Évetm!
Évet
"D
r.
09. pc! = to cook
46
ho o
.co
Tv< iz]k> Éve>, 02. You two may eat a mango fruit.
@ ya
yuvam! Aaè)l< oadetm!, 03. You(many) may not go to the office today.
nr ao
yUy< A* kayaRly< n gCDet,
04. You two may see a film today in the evening.
do cto
05. You may tell the story.
ry
yuva< A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyetm!,
Tvm! kwa< kwye>,
06. You two may buy the cloth.
O"
yuva< vô< ³I[Iyatm!,
RA
07. You(many) may cook the food.
N.
yUy< AÚ< pcet,
08. You two may become two teachers(F).
Y.
yuva< izi]ke Évetm!,
r.
09. You(many) may go to a foreign country.
"D
.in
Q.2..: Translate the following sentences into Sanskrit:01. You may become a teacher(M).
yUy< ivdez< gCDet,
47
.in
Tv< ñ> dehlIt> AagCDe>,
ho o
Q.3..: Translate the following sentences into English:-
@ ya
01. yuva< pvRtm! Aaraehetm!,
02. Tvm! A* say»ale clicÇ< pZye>,
nr ao
You two may climb up the mountain.
ry
You may see a film today in the evening. 03. yUy< ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet,
do cto
You(many) may come from Delhi tomorrow.
04. yuva< devm! AceRtm!,
O"
You two may worship the God.
RA
05. yuva< ivdez< gCDetm!,
You two may go to a foreign country.
N.
06. yUym! Aaè)l< oadet,
Y.
You(many) may eat a mango fruit.
r.
07. yUy< izi]ka> Évet,
"D
.co
10. You may come from Delhi tomorrow.
You(many) may become (many) teachers(F).
48
.in
08. yuva< iz]kaE Évetm!,
.co
You two may become two teachers(M).
ho o
09. yUy< kwa< kwyet, You(many) may tell the story.
@ ya
10. yUy< vô< ³I[Iyat,
ry
nr ao
You(many) may buy the cloth.
"D
r.
Y.
N.
RA
O"
do cto
***
49
.co
. . . .. . Dr. Y.N. RAO
ho o
LEARN SANSKRIT--MODULE-52
@ ya
‘ivixil'œ ivixil'œ’(THE POTENTIAL MOOD)
nr ao
[³mz> ³mz> - kramaçaù (Continued...)] 1. In this Module, let us learn how to use the Potential Mood in Sanskrit in Third Person besides its some other usages.
palam Ahn!
O"
ahan
do cto
plm!(N.S.) =Second
ry
pdpircy> (INTRODUCTION TO WORDS):
2.
Ah>(N.S.) = Day Ah> ahaù idnm!(N.S.) = Day dinam
vasr>(MS.) = Day vasr>
divasaù
väsaraù
RA
idvs> (MS.) = Day
N.
var>(MS.) = Day var>
kal>(M.S.) = Time kal> kälaù
vela(F.S.) = Time a
àat>kal>(M.S.) = Morning àat>kal>
velä
prätaùkälaù
"D
r.
Y.
väraù
1
ho o
.co
.in
N.B.: The ‘Singular’, ‘Dual’ and ‘Plural’ Forms of all the Words introduced in the previous Modules-2 to 40 PLUS Numbers in Sanskrit and their related items introduced in the Modules-41 to 44; and Names of the Days of the Week and Words introduced in the Modules-45 to 51 are given in the Annexure-‘A’ to ‘LEARN SANSKRIT—MODULE-52.
@ ya
3.1. Pronouns of the Third Person(àwmpu àwmpué;svRnamzBda>) amzBda>
étäm
$yu> éyuù
do cto
ét
$tam!
ry
$t!
nr ao
3.2. The Verb is formed by adding the following Suffixes of the Potential Mood to the stem of the concerned Root Verb:
3.3. The following are the Pronouns of the Third Person: pui‘
O"
s>(M.S.) = He(That) Distant Person(s) s>
RA
taE(M.D.) = They two(Those two) te(M.P.) = They many(Those many)
N.
@;>(M.S.) = He(This) Nearer Person(s) @;>
@te(M.P.) = They many(These many)
"D
r.
Y.
@taE(M.D.) = They two(These two)
2
.in
Aym!(M.S.) = He(This) Nearer Person(s)
.co
#maE(M.D.) = They two(These two)
@ ya
ôIil
ho o
#me(M.P.) = They many(These many)
sa(F.S.) = She(That) Distant Person(s) sa
nr ao
te(F.D.) = They two(Those two)
ry
ta>(F.P.) = They many(Those many) ta>
do cto
@;a(F.S.) = She(This) Nearer Person(s) @;a @te(F.D.) = They two(These two)
O"
@ta>(F.P.) = They many(These many) @ta> #ym!(F.S.) = She(This) Nearer Person(s)
RA
#me(F.D.) = They two(These two) #ma>(F.P.) #ma> = They many(These many)
N.
npu<skil
"D
r.
Y.
tt!(N.S.) = It(That) Distant Object(s) te(N.D.) = They two(Those two)
tain(N.P.) = They many(Those many) tain
3
.co
.in @te(N.D.) = They two(These two)
@ ya
@tain(N.P.) = They many(These many) @tain
ho o
@tt!(N.S.) = It(This) Nearer Object(s)
nr ao
#dm!(N.S.) = It(This) Nearer Object(s) #me(N.D.) = They two(These two)
do cto
ry
#main(N.P.) = They many(These many) #main
3.4. i³ya>(VERBS) - àwmpué;> (THIRD PERSON) - In Potential Mood: i³ya>
r.
Y.
N.
RA
Root Verb
"D
Aqœ = to wander
@kvcne
iÖvcne iÖvcne
b÷vcn
In Singular Number
In Dual Number
In Plural Number
O"
xatu>
s>(M.S.)=He(That) s>
taE(M.D.)=They(Those)two
te(M.P.)=They(Those)many
@;>(M.S.)=He(This) @;>
@taE(M.D.)=They(These)two
@te(M.P.)=They(These)many
Aym!(M.S.)=He(This)
#maE(M.D.)=They(These)two
#me(M.P.)=They(These)many
sa(F.S.)=She(That) sa
te(F.D.)=They(Those)two
ta>(F.P.)=They(Those)many ta>
@;a(F.S.)=She(This) @;a
@te(F.D.)=They(These)two
@ta>(F.P.)=They(These)many @ta>
#ym!(F.S.)=She(This)
#me(F.D.)=They(These)two
#ma>(F.P.)=They(These)many #ma>
tt!(N.S.)=It(That)
te(N.D..)=They(Those)two
tain(N.P.)=They(Those)many tain
@tt! (N.S.)=It(This)
@te(N.D..)=They(These)two
@tain(N.P.)=They(These)many @tain
#dm!(N.S.)=It(This)
#me(N.D..)=They(These)two
#main(N.P.)=They(These)many #main
Aqet!
Aqetam!
Aqeyu>
4
Atetam!
Ateyu>
AnuÉvet!
AnuÉvetam!
AnuÉveyu>
Anusret!
Anusretam!
Ac!R = to worship
AceRt!
AceRtam!
Aj!R = to earn
AjeRt!
AjeRtam!
AhœR = to worship
AheRt!
AheRtam!
AheRyu>
Avéhœ/Avraehœ = to
Avraehet!
Avraehetam!
Avraeheyu>
AnuÉv! = to
.co
constantly feel/experience
Aa+gm! Aa gm!(gCDœ) /
AagCDet!
ry
Syatam!
Syu>
AagCDetam!
AagCDeyu>
AajRyet!
AajRyetam!
AajRyeyu>
Aa+nI Aany! = Aanyet! Aa nI(ny! nI ny!)/Aany!
Aanyetam!
Aanyeyu>
Aaraehet!
Aaraehetam!
Aaraeheyu>
Aa+þe Aa þee/Aaþy! = to
Aaþyet!
Aaþyetam!
Aaþyeyu>
#CDet!
#CDetam!
#CDeyu>
AagCD œ= to come AajRy! = to
to bring
RA
earn/acquire
do cto
Syat!
AjeRyu>
O"
As! = to be
AceRyu>
N.
climb down
nr ao
follow
Anusreyu>
@ ya
Anus&/Anusrœ = to
Aaéhœ/Aaraehœ = to
r.
Y.
climb up
"D
call
#;!/#CDœ = to
5
.in
Atet!
ho o
At! = to go
%iÄóet!
%iÄóetam!
%iÄóeyu>
%Twapyet!
%Twapyetam!
%Twapyeyu>
%˜aqyet!
%˜aqyetam!
%pivzet!
%pivzetam!
%phret!
%phretam!
%phreyu>
kwyetam!
kwyeyu>
.co
%TSwa/%iÄóœ %TSwa %iÄóœ = to
%˜qœ/%˜aqy! = to
to sit %phœ/%phrœ = to offer/give
ry
%p+ivz! %p ivz!/%pivz! =
nr ao
open
@ ya
lift
ho o
stand/get up/wake-up %Twa/%Twapy! %Twa %Twapy! = to
%˜aqyeyu> %pivzeyu>
kwyet!
k'œ]!/ka'œ]! = to
ka'œ]et!
ka'œ]etam!
ka'œ]eyu>
k…Pyet!
k…Pyetam!
k…Pyeyu>
kªjet!
kªjetam!
kªjeyu>
k«/krœ = to do
k…yaRt!
k…yaRtam!
k…yuR>
k«;!/k;!R = to
k;eRt!
k;eRtam!
k;eRyu>
³Ndet!
³Ndetam!
³Ndeyu>
kªj! = to
RA
angry
O"
k…p!/k…Py! = to get
do cto
kw!/kwy! = to tell wish
Y.
N.
chirp/hum
attract/pull
"D
r.
³Ndœ = to weep/cry
6
.in
wish/want
³I[Iyatam!
³I[Iyu>
³Ifœ = to play
³Ifet!
³Ifetam!
³Ifeyu>
i]p! = to throw
i]pet!
i]petam!
i]peyu>
on! = to dig
onet!
onetam!
oadœ = to eat
oadet!
oadetam!
oel! = to play
oele lt e !
oeletam!
g[!/g[y! = to
g[yet!
g[yetam!
gdœ = to speak
gdet!
gdetam!
gm!/gCDœ = to go
gCDet!
gj!R = to roar
gjeRt!
gjeRtam!
gjeRyu>
g&hœ/g&þ‰ = to take
g&þIyat!
g&þIyatam!
g&þIyu>
gE/gay! = to sing
gayet!
gayetam!
gayeyu>
g&ŸIyat!
g&ŸIyatam!
g&ŸIyu>
"&;!/";!R = to rub
";eRt!
";eRtam!
";eRyu>
ºa/ijº! ºa ijº! = to smell
ijºet!
ijºetam!
ijºeyu>
crœ = to go/move
cret!
cretam!
creyu>
cvRyetam!
cvRyeyu>
O"
ho o oneyu>
@ ya
nr ao
ry
oadeyu> oeleyu>
g[yeyu> gdeyu> gCDeyu>
RA
¢hœ/g&Ÿ‰œ = to
gCDetam!
do cto
count
r.
Y.
N.
accept/ take/ receive/ accommodate
"D
cv!R/cvRy! = to chew cvRyet!
7
.in
³I[Iyat! ³I[Iyat!
.co
³I/³I[! ³I ³I[! = to buy
cletam!
cleyu>
icNt!/icNty! = to
icNtyet!
icNtyetam!
icNtyeyu>
cetet!
cetetam!
ceteyu>
caeryet!
caeryetam!
jnyet!
jnyetam!
jp! = to mutter
jpet!
jpetam!
jpeyu>
ij/jy! ij jy! = to
jyet!
jyetam!
jyeyu>
ho o
think ict!/cet! = To
create
do cto
conquer
ry
jn!/jny! = to
nr ao
steal
caeryeyu>
@ ya
understand curœ/caery! = to
jnyeyu>
Jvlet!
Jvletam!
Jvleyu>
}a/ja }a ja/jan! ja jan! = to
janIyat!
janIyatam!
janIyu>
jIvet!
jIvetam!
jIveyu>
tafyet!
tafyetam!
tafyeyu>
tp! = to heat
tpet!
tpetam!
tpeyu>
t&;!/t&:y! y! = to
t&:yet!
t&:yetam!
t&:yeyu>
tret!
tretam!
treyu>
jIv! = to live
RA
tfœ/tafy! = to
O"
Jvl! = to burn know
Y.
N.
strike/beat
become thirsty
"D
r.
t¨/trœ = to cross/overcome
8
.in
clet!
.co
cl! = to walk
tudetam!
tudeyu>
Tyjet!
Tyjetam!
Tyjeyu>
d
dzet!
dzetam!
dhœ = to burn
dhet!
dhetam!
ho o
†z!/dz!R/ pZy! = to
pZyet!
pZyetam!
Ôúy! = to see
Ôúyet!
Ôúyetam!
Ôúyeyu>
da/ddœ da ddœ = to give
d*at!
d*atam!
d*u>
da/yCDœ da yCDœ= to give
yCDet!
yCDetam!
yCDeyu>
xav! = to run
xavet!
xavetam!
xaveyu>
x&/xrœ = to hold
xret!
xretam!
xreyu>
x&/ = to wear xaryet!
xaryetam!
xaryeyu>
Xyayet!
Xyayetam!
Xyayeyu>
nNdet!
nNdetam!
nNdeyu>
ndœ = to sound
ndet!
ndetam!
ndeyu>
nm! = to
nmet!
nmetam!
nmeyu>
inNdet!
inNdetam!
inNdeyu>
.in
tudet!
ry
taedœ/tudœ = To Tyj! = to give
.co
hit/push up/let go
meditate
do cto
O"
RA
XyE/ = to nNdœ = to be
dheyu>
@ ya
nr ao
see
dzeyu>
pZyeyu>
r.
Y.
N.
glad/rejoice
"D
salute/bow inNdœ = to
9
ingRCDet!
ingRCDetam!
ingRCDeyu>
inÔa/inÔ‰ inÔa inÔ‰ = to sleep inÔet!
inÔetam!
inÔeyu>
invs! = to live
invset!
invsetam!
inóIv! = to spit
inóIvet!
inóIvetam!
inSs&/inSsrœ = to
inSsret!
inSsretam!
nyet!
nyetam!
nyeyu>
n&Tyetam!
n&Tyeyu>
pcetam!
pceyu>
.co
ingRm!/ingRCDœ = to
@ ya
inóIveyu>
inSsreyu>
pcet!
pQœ = to read/study
pQet!
pQetam!
pQeyu>
pt! = to fall
ptet!
ptetam!
pteyu>
do cto
pc! = to cook
O"
n&t!/n&Ty!= to dance n&Tyet!
nr ao
take away/lead
invse invseyu>
ry
nI/ny! nI ny! = to take/
ho o
come out
come out
.in
condemn/blame
ipbet!
ipbetam!
ipbeyu>
pUj!/pUjy! = to
pUjyet!
pUjyetam!
pUjyeyu>
à]alyet!
à]alyetam!
à]alyeyu>
àCDœ/p&CDœ = to ask
p&CDet!
p&CDetam!
p&CDeyu>
àit+Aa àit Aa+gm! Aa gm!(gCDœ)/
àTyagCDet!
àTyagCDetam!
àTyagCDeyu>
worship
RA
pa/ipb! pa ipb! = to drink
N.
à]l!/à]aly! = to
"D
r.
Y.
wash/clean
àTyagCDœ = to 10
àitgCDeyu>
à[m! = to salute
à[met!
à[metam!
àvhœ = to flow
àvhet!
àvhetam!
àe;! = to send
àe;et!
àe;etam!
bux!/baex! = to
baexet!
baexetam!
É]!/É]y! É]y! = to eat
É]yet!
É]yetam!
Éj! = to worship
Éjet!
Éjetam!
Éjeyu>
ÉU/Év! = to be
Évet!
Évetam!
Éveyu>
É&/Érœ = To fill
Éret!
Éretam!
Éreyu>
æm! = to roam
æmet!
æmetam!
æmeyu>
m¾et!
m¾etam!
m¾eyu>
iml! = to meet
imlet!
imletam!
imleyu>
muCDœR/mUCDœR = to
mUCDeRt!
mUCDeRtam!
mUCDeRyu>
muýet!
muýetam!
muýeyu y>u
yjet!
yjetam!
yjeyu>
àitgCDœ = to go
O"
RA
Y.
faint
N.
a bath
@ ya
àvheyu> àe;eyu> baexeyu>
É]yeyu>
r.
maehœ/muý! = to
à[meyu>
nr ao
do cto
understand
ho o
towards/go unto
mSj!/m¾! m¾! = to take
"D
become confused yj! = to worship
.in
àitgCDetam!
àit+gm! àit gm!(gCDœ)/
.co
àitgCDe àitgCDet!
ry
return
11
yapyetam!
yapyeyu>
r]et!
r]etam!
r]eyu>
rcyet!
rcyetam!
rs!/rsy! = to taste
rsyet!
rsyetam!
éhœ/raehœ = to grow
raehet!
raehetam!
ilo! = to write
iloet!
iloetam!
iloeyu>
vdœ = to speak
vdet!
vdetam!
vdeyu>
vp! = to sow
vpet!
vpetam!
vpeyu>
vs! = to live
vset!
vsetam!
vseyu>
vhœ = to flow
vhet!
vhetam!
vheyu>
ìj! = to go
ìjet!
ìjetam!
ìjeyu>
vaÁDet!
vaÁDetam!
vaÁDeyu>
ivks! = to blossom
ivkset!
ivksetam!
ivkseyu>
ivz! = to enter
ivzet!
ivzetam!
ivzeyu>
z<s! = to praise
z<set!
z<setam!
z<seyu>
zkœ/z²œ z²= to be
z²…yat!
z²…yatam!
z²…yu>
zaecet!
zaecetam!
zaeceyu>
r]! = to
Y.
N.
do cto
O"
RA
vaÁDœ = to wish
nr ao
make
rcyeyu>
@ ya
rc!/ = to
ho o
save/protect
.co
waste
rsyeyu> raeheyu>
r.
possible
"D
zuc!/zaec! = to
12
.in
yapyet!
ry
ya/yapy! ya yapy! = to
z&[uyat!
z&[uyatam!
z&[uyu>
sdœ/sIdœ = to sit
sIdet! \
sIdetam!
sIdeyu>
sax!/saxy! = to
saxyet!
saxyetam!
itóet!
itóetam!
Swapyet!
Swapyetam!
.co
ïu/z&/z&[! = to
put/keep
itóeyu>
Swapyeyu>
õayatam!
õayu>
sexetam! tam!
sexeyu>
sexet!
sUc!/sUcy! = to
sUcyet!
sUcyetam!
sUcyeyu>
s&/srœ = to move
sret!
sretam!
sreyu>
s&j! = to create
s&jet!
s&jetam!
s&jeyu>
Sp&zet!
Sp&zetam!
Sp&zeyu>
Smret!
Smretam!
Smreyu>
SvIk…yaRt!
SvIk…yaRtam!
SvIk…yuR>
övet!
övetam!
öveyu>
do cto
isx!/sex! = to go
O"
õa = to take a bath õayat!
ry
Swa/Swapy! Swa Swapy! = to
nr ao
stand/stay/wait
saxyeyu>
@ ya
Swa/itóœ Swa itóœ = to
ho o
hear/listen to
accomplish
inform
RA
Sp&z! = to touch
N.
Sm&/Smrœ = to
Y.
SvIk«/ः = to accept
"D
r.
öu/öv! = to ooze/leak
13
.in
suffer/grieve
hsetam!
hseyu>
ù/hrœ hrœ = to steal
hret!
hretam!
hreyu>
.in
hset!
@ ya
ho o
.co
hs! = to laugh
4. vaKyàyaeg> - väkyaprayogaù (SYNTAX):
nr ao
àwmpué;e = (IN THIRD PERSON):
prathamapuruñe = (IN THIRD PERSON):
ry
s> iz]k> Évet!, = He(That) may become a teacher(M).
do cto
saù çikñakaù bhavet
@;> iz]k> Évet!, = He(This) may become a teacher(M). eñaù çikñakaù bhavet
O"
Ay< iz]k> Évet!, = He(This) may become a teacher(M).
RA
ayaà çikñakaù bhavet
taE iz]kaE Évetam!, = They(Those) two may become two teachers(M). tau çikñakau bhavetäm
N.
@taE iz]kaE Évetam!, = They(These)two may become two teachers(M).
Y.
etau çikñakau bhavetäm
r.
#maE iz]kaE Évetam!, = They(These)two may become two teachers(M).
"D
imau çikñakau bhavetäm
14
.in
.co
te iz]ka> Éveyu>, = They(Those)(many) may become (many) teachers(M). te çikñakäù bhaveyuù
ho o
@te iz]ka> Éveyu>,=They(These)(many) may become (many) teachers(M). , ete çikñakäù bhaveyuù
@ ya
#me iz]ka> may become (many) teachers(M). iz]ka> Éveyu>,=They(These)(many) , ime çikñakäù bhaveyuù
nr ao
sa izi]ka Évet!, = She(That) may become a teacher(F). sä çikñikä bhavet
ry
@;a izi]ka Évet!, = She(This) may become a teacher(F). eñä çikñikä bhavet iyaà çikñikä bhavet
do cto
#y< izi]ka Évet!, = She(This) may become a teacher(F).
O"
te izi]ke Évetam!, = They(Those)two may become two teachers(F). te çikñike bhavetäm
RA
@te izi]ke Évetam!, = They(These)two may become two teachers(F). ete çikñike bhavetäm
N.
#me izi]ke Évetam!, = They(These)two may become two teachers(F).
"D
r.
Y.
ime çikñike bhavetäm
15
.in
ta> izi]ka> Éveyu>,=They(Those)(many) may become (many) teachers(F). ,
.co
täù çikñikäù bhaveyuù
@ta> izi]ka> Éveyu>,=They(These)(many) may become (many) teachers(F). ,
ho o
etäù çikñikäù bhaveyuù
#ma> izi]ka> Éveyu>,=They(These)(many) may become (many) teachers(F). ,
nr ao
@ ya
imäù çikñikäù bhaveyuù
tat béjaà våukñaù bhavet
ry
tt! bIj< v&]> Évet!, = That seed may become a tree.
do cto
@tt! bIj< v&]> Évet!, = This seed may become a tree. etat béjaà våukñaù bhavet
#dm! bIj< v&]> Évet!, = This seed may become a tree.
O"
idam béjaà våukñaù bhavet
RA
te bIje v&]aE Évetam!, = Those two seeds may become two trees. te béje våukñau bhavetäm
N.
@te bIje v&]aE Évetam!, = These two seeds may become two trees.
Y.
ete béje våukñau bhavetäm #me bIje v&]aE Évetam!, = These two seeds may become two trees.
"D
r.
ime béje våukñau bhavetäm
16
.in
tain bIjain v&]a> Éveyu>, = Those(many) seeds may become (many) trees.
.co
täni béjäni våukñäù bhaveyuù
@tain bIjain v&]a> Éveyu>, = These(many) seeds may become (many) trees.
ho o
etäni béjäni våukñäù bhaveyuù
#main bIjain v&]a> Éveyu>, = These(many) seeds may become (many) trees.
nr ao
@ ya
imäni béjäni våukñäù bhaveyuù
saù ämraphalaà khädet
ry
s> Aaè)l< oadet!, = He(That) may eat a mango fruit.
do cto
@;> Aaè)l< oadet!, = He(This) may eat a mango fruit. eñaù ämraphalaà khädet
Ay< Aaè)l< oadet!, = He(This) may eat a mango fruit.
O"
ayam ämraphalaà khädet
RA
taE Aaè)l< oadetam!, = They(Those) two(M) may eat a mango fruit. tau ämraphalaà khädetäm
N.
@taE Aaè)l< oadetam!, = They(These) two(M) may eat a mango fruit.
Y.
etau ämraphalaà khädetäm #maE Aaè)l< oadetam!, = They(These) two(M) may eat a mango fruit.
"D
r.
imau ämraphalaà khädetäm
17
.in
te Aaè)l< oadeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M) may eat a mango fruit.
.co
te ämraphalaà khädeyuù
@te Aaè)l< oadeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may eat a mango fruit.
ho o
ete ämraphalaà khädeyuù
#me Aaè)l< oadeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may eat a mango fruit.
nr ao
@ ya
ime ämraphalaà khädeyuù
sä ämraphalaà khädet
ry
sa Aaè)l< oadet!, = She(That) may eat a mango fruit.
do cto
@;a Aaè)l< oadet!, = She(This) may eat a mango fruit. eñä ämraphalaà khädet
#y< Aaè)l< oadet!, = She(This) may eat a mango fruit.
O"
iyam ämraphalaà khädet
RA
te Aaè)l< oadetam!, = They(Those) two(F) may eat a mango fruit. te ämraphalaà khädetäm
N.
@te Aaè)l< oadetam!, = They(These) two(F) may eat a mango fruit.
Y.
ete ämraphalaà khädetäm #me Aaè)l< oadetam!, = They(These) two(F) may eat a mango fruit.
"D
r.
ime ämraphalaà khädetäm
18
.in
ta> Aaè)l< oadeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may eat a mango fruit.
.co
täù ämraphalaà khädeyuù
@ta> Aaè)l< oadeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may eat a mango fruit.
ho o
etäù ämraphalaà khädeyuù
#ma> Aaè)l< oadeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may eat a mango fruit.
nr ao
@ ya
imäù ämraphalaà khädeyuù
saù videçaà gacchet
ry
s> ivdez< gCDet!, = He(That) may go to a foreign country.
do cto
@;> ivdez< gCDet!, = He(This) may go to a foreign country. eñaù videçaà gacchet
Ay< ivdez< gCDet!, = He(This) may go to a foreign country.
O"
ayaà videçaà gacchet
RA
taE ivdez< gCDetam!, = They(Those) two(M) may go to a foreign country. tau videçaà gacchetäm
N.
@taE ivdez< gCDetam!, = They(These) two(M) may go to a foreign country.
Y.
etau videçaà gacchetäm #maE ivdez< gCDetam!, = They(These) two(M) may go to a foreign country.
"D
r.
imau videçaà gacchetäm
19
.in
te ivdez< gCDeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M) may go to a foreign country.
.co
te videçaà gaccheyuù
@te ivdez< gCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may go to a foreign country.
ho o
ete videçaà gaccheyuù
#me ivdez< gCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may go to a foreign country.
nr ao
@ ya
ime videçaà gaccheyuù
ry
sa ivdez< gCDet!, = She(That) may go to a foreign country. sä videçaà gacchet
eñä videçaà gacchet
do cto
@;a ivde ivdez< gCDet!, = She(This) may go to a foreign country. #y< ivdez< gCDet!, = She(This) may go to a foreign country.
O"
iyaà videçaà gacchet
RA
te ivdez< gCDetam!, = They(Those) two(F) may go to a foreign country. te videçaà gacchetäm
N.
@te ivdez< gCDetam!, = They(These) two(F) may go to a foreign country.
Y.
ete videçaà gacchetäm #me ivdez< gCDetam!, = They(These) two(F) may go to a foreign country.
"D
r.
ime videçaà gacchetäm
20
.in
ta> ivdez< gCDeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may go to a foreign country.
.co
täù videçaà gaccheyuù
@ta> ivdez< gCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may go to a foreign country.
ho o
etäù videçaà gaccheyuù
#ma> ivdez< gCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may go to a foreign country.
nr ao
@ ya
imäù videçaà gaccheyuù
ry
s> devm! AceRt!, = He(That) may worship the God. saù devam arcet
eñaù devam arcet
do cto
@;> devm! AceRt!, = He(This) may worship the God. Ay< devm! AceRt!, = He(This) may worship the God.
O"
ayaà devam arcet
RA
taE devm! AceRtam!, = They(Those) two(M) may worship the God. tau devam arcetäm
N.
@taE devm! AceRtam! am!, = They(These) two(M) may worship the God.
Y.
etau devam arcetäm #maE devm! AceRtam!, = They(These) two(M) may worship the God.
"D
r.
imau devam arcetäm
21
.in
te devm! AceRyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M) may worship the God.
.co
te devam arceyuù
@te devm! AceRyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may worship the God.
ho o
ete devam arceyuù
#me devm! AceRyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may worship the God.
nr ao
@ ya
ime devam arceyuù
ry
sa devm! AceRt!, = She(That) may worship the God. sä devam arcet
eñä devam arcet
do cto
@;a devm! AceRt!, = She(This) may worship the God. #y< devm! AceRt!, = She(This) may worship the God.
O"
iyaà devam arcet
RA
te devm! AceRtam!, = They(Those) two(F) may worship the God. te devam arcetäm
N.
@te devm! AceRtam!, = They(These) two(F) may worship the God.
Y.
ete devam arcetäm #me devm! AceRtam!, = They(These) two(F) may worship the God.
"D
r.
ime devam arcetäm
22
.in
ta> devm! AceRyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may worship the God.
.co
täù devam arceyuù
@ta> devm! AceRyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may worship the God.
ho o
etäù devam arceyuù
#ma> devm! AceRyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may worship the God.
nr ao
@ ya
imäù devam arceyuù
do cto
saù çvaù dehalétaù ägacchet
ry
s> ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet!, = He(That) may come from Delhi tomorrow. @;> ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet!, = He(This) may come from Delhi tomorrow. eñaù çvaù dehalétaù ägacchet
O"
Ay< ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet!, = He(This) may come from Delhi tomorrow.
RA
ayaà çvaù dehalétaù ägacchet taE ñ> dehlIt> AagCDetam!, = They(Those) two(M) may come from Delhi tau çvaù dehalétaù ägacchetäm
N.
[tomorrow.
Y.
@taE ñ> de dehlIt> AagCDetam!, = They(These) two(M) may come from Delhi etau çvaù dehalétaù ägacchetäm
[tomorrow.
r.
#maE ñ> dehlIt> AagCDetam!, = They(These) two(M) may come from Delhi imau çvaù dehalétaù ägacchetäm
"D
[tomorrow.
23
.in
.co
te ñ> dehlIt> AagCDeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M) may come from Delhi te çvaù dehalétaù ägaccheyuù
[tomorrow.
ho o
@te ñ> dehlIt> AagCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may come from Delhi. ete çvaù dehalétaù ägaccheyuù
[tomorrow.
@ ya
#me ñ> dehlIt> AagCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may come from Delhi [tomorrow.
nr ao
ime çvaù dehalétaù ägaccheyuù
sä çvaù dehalétaù ägacchet
ry
sa ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet!, = She(That) may come from Delhi tomorrow.
do cto
@;a ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet!, = She(This) may come from Delhi tomorrow. eñä çvaù dehalétaù ägacchet
#y< ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet!, = She(This) may come from Delhi tomorrow.
RA
O"
iyaà çvaù dehalétaù ägacchet te ñ> dehlIt> AagCDetam!, = They(Those) two(F) may come from Delhi te çvaù dehalétaù ägacchetäm
N.
[tomorrow.
Y.
@te ñ> dehlIt> AagCDetam!, = They(These) two(F) may come from Delhi ete çvaù dehalétaù ägacchetäm
[tomorrow.
r.
#me ñ> dehlIt> AagCDetam!, = They(These) two(F) may come from Delhi ime çvaù dehalétaù ägacchetäm
"D
[tomorrow.
24
.in
ta> ñ> dehlIt> AagCDeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may come from Delhi täù çvaù dehalétaù ägaccheyuù
.co
[tomorrow.
@ta> ñ> dehlIt> AagCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may come from Delhi etäù çvaù dehalétaù ägaccheyuù
ho o
[tomorrow.
#ma> ñ> dehlIt> AagCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may come from Delhi [tomorrow.
nr ao
@ ya
imäù çvaù dehalétaù ägaccheyuù
s> A* kayaRly< n gCDet!, = He(That) may not go to the office today.
ry
saù adya käryälayaà na gacchet
do cto
@;> A* kayaR kayaRly< n gCDet!, = He(This) may not go to the office today. eñaù adya käryälayaà na gacchet Ay< A* kayaRly< n gCDet!, = He(This) may not go to the office today.
O"
ayam adya käryälayaà na gacchet
RA
taE A* kayaRly< n gCDetam!,=They(Those) two(M) may not go to the office tau adya käryälayaà na gacchetäm
[today.
N.
@taE A* kayaRly< n gCDetam!,=They(These) two(M) may not go to the office etau adya käryälayaà na gacchetäm
[today.
Y.
#maE A* kayaRly< n gCDetam!,=They(These) two(M) may not go to the office
"D
r.
imau adya käryälayaà na gacchetäm
25
[today.
.in
te A* kayaRly< n gCDeyu>,=They(Those) (many)(M) may not go to the office , te adya käryälayaà na gaccheyuù
.co
[today.
@te A* kayaRly< n gCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may not go to the office ete adya käryälayaà na gaccheyuù
ho o
[today.
[today.
nr ao
ime adya käryälayaà na gaccheyuù
@ ya
#me A* kayaRly< n gCDeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may not go to the office
ry
sa A* kayaRly< n gCDet!, = She(That) may not go to the office today. sä adya käryälayaà na gacchet
do cto
@;a A* kayaRly< n gCDet!, = She(This) may not go to the office today. eñä adya käryälayaà na gacchet
#y< A* kayaRly< n gCDet!, = She(This) may not go to the office today.
O"
iyam adya käryälayaà na gacchet
RA
te A* kayaRly< n gCDetam!, = They(Those) two(F) may not go to the office te adya käryälayaà na gacchetäm
[today.
N.
@te A* kayaRly< n gCDetam!, = They(These) two(F) may not go to the office
Y.
ete adya käryälayaà na gacchetäm
[today.
#me A* kayaRly< n gCDetam!, = They(These) two(F) may not go to the office
"D
r.
ime adya käryälayaà na gacchetäm
26
[today.
.in
ta> A* kayaRly< n gCDeyu>,=They(Those) (many)(F) may not go to the office , [today.
.co
täù adya käryälayaà na gaccheyuù
@ta> A* kayaRly< n gCDeyu>,=They(These) (many)(F) may not go to the office , [today.
ho o
etäù adya käryälayaà na gaccheyuù
[today.
nr ao
imäù adya käryälayaà na gaccheyuù
@ ya
#ma> A* kayaRly< n gCDeyu>,=They(These) (many)(F) may not go to the office ,
ry
s> A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyet!, = He(That) may see a film today in the saù adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyet
[evening.
do cto
@;> A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyet!, = He(This) may see a film today in the eñaù adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyet
[evening.
Ay< A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyet!, = He(This) may see a film today in the
O"
ayam adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyet
[evening.
RA
taE A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyetam!,=They(Those) two(M) may see a film today tau adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyetäm
[in the evening.
N.
@taE A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyetam!,=They(These) two(M) may see a film today
Y.
etau adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyetäm
[in the evening.
#maE A* say»ale clicÇ< clicÇ< pZyetam!,=They(These) two(M) may see a film today
"D
r.
imau adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyetäm
27
[in the evening.
.in
te A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyeyu>,=They(Those)(many)(M) may see a film today , te adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyeyuù
.co
[in the evening.
@te A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyeyu>,=They(These)(many)(M) may see a film today , [in the evening.
ho o
ete adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyeyuù
#me A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyeyu>,=They(These)(many)(M) may see a film today , [in the evening.
nr ao
@ ya
ime adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyeyuù
ry
sa A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyet!, = She(That) may see a film today in the sä adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyet
[evening.
do cto
@;a A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyet!, = She(This) may see a film today in the eñä adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyet
[evening.
#y< A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyet!, = She(This) may see a film today in the
O"
iyam adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyet
[evening.
RA
te A* say»ale say»ale clicÇ< pZyetam!,=They(Those) two(F) may see a film today in te adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyetäm
[the evening.
N.
@te A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyetam!,=They(These) two(F) may see a film today in
Y.
ete adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyetäm
[the evening.
#me A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyetam!,=They(These) two(F) may see a film today in
"D
r.
ime adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyetäm
28
[the evening.
.in
ta> A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyeyu>,=They(Those)(many)(F) may see a film today , täù adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyeyuù
.co
[in the evening.
@ta> A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyeyu>,=They(These)(many)(F) may see a film today , [in the evening.
ho o
etäù adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyeyuù
#ma> A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyeyu>,=They(These)(many)(F) may see a film today , [in the evening.
nr ao
@ ya
imäù adya säyaìkäle calacitraà paçyeyuù
do cto
saù parvatam ärohet
ry
s> pvRtm! Aaraehet!, = He(That) may climb up the mountain. @;> pvRtm! Aaraehet!, = He(This) may climb up the mountain. eñaù parvatam ärohet
O"
Ay< pvRtm! Aaraehet!, = He(This) may climb up the mountain.
RA
ayaà parvatam ärohet
taE pvRtm! Aaraehetam!, = They(Those) two(M) may climb up the mountain.
N.
tau parvatam ärohetäm
Y.
@taE pvRtm! Aaraehetam!, = They(These) two(M) may climb up the mountain. etau parvatam ärohetäm
r.
#maE pvRtm! Aaraehetam!, = They(These) two(M) may climb up the mountain.
"D
imau parvatam ärohetäm
29
.in
te pvRtm! Aaraeheyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M) may climb up the mountain.
.co
te parvatam äroheyuù
@te pvRtm! Aaraeheyu>,=They(These) (many)(M) may climb up the mountain. ,
ho o
ete parvatam äroheyuù
#me pvRtm! Aaraeheyu>,=They(These) (many)(M) may climb up the mountain. ,
nr ao
@ ya
ime parvatam äroheyuù
ry
sa pvRtm! Aaraehet!, = She(That) may climb up the mountain. sä parvatam ärohet
eñä parvatam ärohet
do cto
@;a pvRtm! Aaraehet!, = She(This) may climb up the mountain. #y< pvRtm! Aaraehet!, = She(This) may climb up the mountain.
O"
iyaà parvatam ärohet
RA
te pvRtm! Aaraehetam!, = They(Those) two(F) may climb up the mountain. te parvatam ärohetäm
N.
@te pvRtm! Aaraehetam!, = They(These) two(F) may climb up the mountain.
Y.
ete parvatam ärohetäm #me pvRtm! Aaraehetam!, = They(These) two(F) may climb up the mountain.
"D
r.
ime parvatam ärohetäm
30
.in
ta> pvRtm! Aaraeheyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may climb up the mountain.
.co
täù parvatam äroheyuù
@ta> pvRtm! Aaraeheyu>,=They(These) (many)(F) may climb up the mountain. ,
ho o
etäù parvatam äroheyuù
#ma> pvRtm! Aaraeheyu>,=They(These) (many)(F) may climb up the mountain. ,
nr ao
@ ya
imäù parvatam äroheyuù
saù kathäà kathayet
ry
s> kwa< kwyet!, = He(That) may tell the story.
do cto
@;> kwa< kwyet!, = He(This) may tell the story. eñaù kathäà kathayet
Ay< kwa< kwyet!, = He(This) may tell the story.
O"
ayaà kathäà kathayet
RA
taE kwa< kwyetam!, = They(Those) two(M) may tell the story. tau kathäà kathayetäm
N.
@taE kwa< kwye kwyetam!, = They(These) two(M) may tell the story.
Y.
etau kathäà kathayetäm #maE kwa< kwyetam!, = They(These) two(M) may tell the story.
"D
r.
imau kathäà kathayetäm
31
.co
te kathäà kathayeyuù
.in
te kwa< kwyeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M) may tell the story. @te kwa< kwyeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may tell the story.
ho o
ete kathäà kathayeyuù
#me kwa< kwyeyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may tell the story.
nr ao
@ ya
ime kathäà kathayeyuù
ry
sa kwa< kwyet!, = She(That) may tell the story.
sä kathäà kathayet| = She(That) may tell the story.
do cto
@;a kwa< kwyet!, = She(This) may tell the story. eñä kathäà kathayet| = She(This) may tell the story. #y< kwa< kwyet!, = She(This) may tell the story.
O"
iyaà kathäà kathayet| = She(This) may tell the story.
RA
te kwa< kwyetam!, = They(Those) two(F) may tell the story. te kathäà kathayetäm
N.
@te kwa< kwyetam!, = They(These) two(F) may tell the story.
Y.
ete kathäà kathayetäm #me kwa< kwyetam!, = They(These) two(F) may tell the story.
"D
r.
ime kathäà kathayetäm
32
.co
täù kathäà kathayeyuù
.in
ta> kwa< kwyeyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may tell the story.
@ta> kwa< kwyeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may tell the story.
ho o
etäù kathäà kathayeyuù
#ma> kwa< kwyeyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may tell the story.
nr ao
@ ya
imäù kathäà kathayeyuù
ry
s> vô< ³I[Iyat! = He(That) may buy the cloth.
saù vastraà kréëéyät = He(That) may buy the cloth.
do cto
@;> vô< ³I[Iyat! = He(This) may buy the cloth. eñaù vastraà kréëéyät = He(This) may buy the cloth. Ay< vô< ³I[Iyat! = He(This) may buy the cloth.
O"
ayaà vastraà kréëéyät = He(This) may buy the cloth.
RA
taE vô< ³I[Iyatam!, = They(Those) two(M) may buy the cloth. tau vastraà kréëéyätäm
N.
@taE vô< ³I[Iyatam!, = They(These) two(M) may buy the cloth.
Y.
etau vastraà kréëéyätäm #maE vô< ³I[Iyatam!, = They(These) two(M) may buy the cloth.
"D
r.
imau vastraà kréëéyätäm
33
.co
te vastraà kréëéyuù @te vô< ³I[Iyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may buy the cloth.
ho o
ete vastraà kréëéyuù
#me vô< ³I[Iyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may buy the cloth.
nr ao
@ ya
ime vastraà kréëéyuù
ry
sa vô< ³I[Iyat! = She(That) may buy the cloth. sä vastraà kréëéyät
do cto
@;a vô< ³I[Iyat! = She(This) may buy the cloth. eñä vastraà kréëéyät
.in
te vô< ³I[Iyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M) may buy the cloth.
#y< vô< ³I[Iyat! = She(This) may buy the cloth.
O"
iyaà vastraà kréëéyät
RA
te vô< ³I[Iyatam!, = They(Those) two(F) may buy the cloth. te vastraà kréëéyätäm
N.
@te vô< ³I[Iyatam!, = They(These) two(F) may buy the cloth.
Y.
ete vastraà kréëéyätäm #me vô< ³I[Iyatam!, = They(These) two(F) may buy the cloth.
"D
r.
ime vastraà kréëéyätäm
34
.co
täù vastraà kréëéyuù
.in
ta> vô< ³I[Iyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may buy the cloth.
@ta> vô< vô< ³I[Iyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may buy the cloth.
ho o
etäù vastraà kréëéyuù
#ma> vô< ³I[Iyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may buy the cloth.
nr ao
@ ya
imäù vastraà kréëéyuù
ry
s> AÚ< pcet! = He(That) may cook the food. saù annaà pacet
eñaù annaà pacet
do cto
@;> AÚ< pcet! = He(This) may cook the food. Aym! AÚ< pcet! = He(This) may cook the food.
O"
ayam annaà pacet
RA
taE AÚ< pcetam! = They(Those) two(M) may cook the food. tau annaà pacetäm
N.
@taE AÚ< pcetam! = They(These) two(M) may cook the food.
Y.
etau annaà pacetäm #maE AÚ< pcetam! tam! = They(These) two(M) may cook the food.
"D
r.
imau annaà pacetäm
35
.co
te annaà paceyuù @te AÚ< pceyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may cook the food.
ho o
ete annaà paceyuù
#me AÚ< pceyu>, = They(These) (many)(M) may cook the food.
nr ao
@ ya
ime annaà paceyuù
ry
sa AÚ< pcet!, = She(That) may cook the food. sä annaà pacet
do cto
@;a AÚ< pcet!, = She(This) may cook the food. eñä annaà pacet
.in
te AÚ< pceyu>, = They(Those) (many)(M)may cook the food.
#ym! AÚ< pcet!, = She(This) may cook the food.
O"
iyam annaà pacet
RA
te AÚ< pcetam!, = They(Those) two(F) may cook the food. te annaà pacetäm
N.
@te AÚ< pcetam!, = They(These) two(F) may cook the food.
Y.
ete annaà pacetäm #me AÚ< pcetam!, = They(These) two(F) may cook the food.
"D
r.
ime annaà pacetäm
36
.co
täù annaà paceyuù
.in
ta> AÚ< pceyu>, = They(Those) (many)(F) may cook the food. @ta> AÚ< pceyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may cook the food.
ho o
etäù annaà paceyuù
#ma> AÚ< pceyu>, = They(These) (many)(F) may cook the food.
@ ya
imäù annaà paceyuù
nr ao
***
4. ivivxvaKyain - vividhaväkyäni (MISCELLANEOUS SENTENCES):
ry
%pdez> - upadeçaù (ADVICE):
do cto
idva n inÔet!, = One should not sleep during the day-time. divä na nidret
DaÇ> idva n inÔet!, The student(M) should not sleep during the day-time.
O"
chätraù divä na nidret
RA
DaÇaE idva n inÔetam!, The two students(M) should not sleep during the chätrau divä na nidretäm
[day-time.
N.
DaÇa> idva n inÔeyu>, The (many) students(M) should not sleep during the chäträù divä na nidreyuù
"D
r.
Y.
[day-time.
37
.in
DaÇa idva n inÔet!, The student(F) should not sleep during the day-time.
.co
chäträ divä na nidret
DaÇe idva n inÔetam!, The two students(F) should not sleep during the chätre divä na nidretäm
ho o
[day-time.
DaÇa> idva n inÔeyu>, The (many) students(F) should not sleep during the
nr ao
#CDa - icchä (DESIRE):
@ ya
chäträù divä na nidreyuù
saù çéghraà svasthaù bhavet
ry
s> zIº< SvSw> Évet!, = May he become healthy soon.
do cto
sa zIº< SvSwa Évet!, = May she become healthy soon. sä çéghraà svasthä bhavet
O"
%ictkayRm! - ucitakäryam (APPROPRIATENESS): sda sTy< vdet!, = One should always speak the truth.
RA
sadä satyaà vadet
N.
AsTy< n vdet!, = One should not lie.
Y.
asatyaà na vadet
r.
v&Ïana< seva< k…yuR>, = All should serve the old people.
"D
våuddhänäà seväà kuryuù
38
[day-time.
.in
ivix> - vidhiù (INSTRUCTION):
.co
Évan! hStà]aln< k…yaRt!, = You(Respect)(M) have to wash your hands.
ho o
bhavän hastaprakñälanaà kuryät
sä präthanägétaà gäyet
nr ao
AamÙ[m! - ämantraëam (INVITATION):
@ ya
sa àawnagIt< gayet!, = She has to sing the prayer-song.
Évan! A* raÇaE mm g&he Éaejn< k…yaRt!,=You(Respect)(M) please dine at my house [tonight.
ry
bhavän adya rätrau mama gåuhe bhojanaà kuryät
do cto
sMàî> - sampraçnaù (QUERY):
ikm! #danIm! #danIm! Ah< Éaejn< k…yaRm! %t AXyynm!? = Shall I now dine or study? kim idäném ahaà bhojanaà kuryäm uta adhyayanam
O"
ANyvaKyain - anyaväkyäni (OTHER SENTENCES):
RA
sMÉbt> A* say»ale v&iò> Évet!, = Possibly it may rain today in the evening.
N.
sambhabataù adya säyaìkäle våuñöiù bhavet
Y.
àay> A* v&iò> n Évet!, = Generally it may not rain today.
"D
r.
präyaù adya våuñöiù na bhavet
*** 39
.in
LEARN SANSKRIT--MODULE-52 :: EXERCISE (A_yas> A_yas> abhyäsaù)
@kvcne
iÖvcne iÖvcne
Root Verb
In Singular Number
In Dual Number
In Plural Number
@taE(M.D.)=They(These)two
@te(M.P.)=They(These)many
#maE(M.D.)=They(These)two
#me(M.P.)=They(These)many
te(F.D.)=They(Those)two
ta>(F.P.)=They(Those)many ta>
@te(F.D.)=They(These)two
@ta>(F.P.)=They(These)many @ta>
#me(F.D.)=They(These)two
#ma>(F.P.)=They(These)many #ma>
te(N.D..)=They(Those)two
tain(N.P.)=They(Those)many tain
@tt! (N.S.)=It(This)
@te(N.D..)=They(These)two
@tain(N.P.)=They(These)many @tain
#dm!(N.S.)=It(This)
#me(N.D..)=They(These)two
#main(N.P.)=They(These)many #main
Aym!(M.S.)=He(This) sa(F.S.)=She(That) sa @;a(F.S.)=She(This) @;a #ym!(F.S.)=She(This)
do cto
tt!(N.S.)=It(That)
nr ao
te(M.P.)=They(Those)many
@;>(M.S.)=He(This) @;>
01. Ac!R = to
O"
worship
b÷vcne
taE(M.D.)=They(Those)two
ry
s>(M.S.)=He(That) s>
@ ya
xatu>
ho o
.co
[NOTE: Please complete this Exercise and keep it with you. The ‘KEY’ for this Exercise will be sent along with the next Module, when you can the Correctness or Otherwise of your Answers!] PART-A: Q.1.: Fill in the blanks in the following table with the suitable Potential Mood Forms of the concerned Root Verbs:-
RA
02. Aa+gm! Aa gm!(gCDœ) / AagCD œ= to come
N.
03. Aaéhœ/Aaraehœ = to climb up
Y.
04. kw!/kwy! = to tell
"D
r.
05. ³I/³I[! ³I ³I[! = to
buy
40
.in
06. oadœ = to eat
.co
07. gm!/gCDœ = to go
ho o
08. †z!/dz!R/ pZy! = to see
@ ya
09. pc! = to cook
nr ao
10. ÉU/Év! = to be
ry
Q.2..: Translate the following sentences into Sanskrit:-
do cto
01. He(That) may become a teacher(M). .................................................................................................. 02. They(Those) two(M) may eat a mango fruit.
O"
...................................................................................................
RA
03. They(Those) two(M) may not go to the office today. ...................................................................................................
N.
04. They(Those) two(M) may see a film today in the evening.
Y.
...................................................................................................
"D
r.
05. He(That) may tell the story. ...................................................................................................
41
.in
06. They(Those) two(M) may buy the cloth.
ho o
07. They(Those) (many)(M) may buy the cloth.
.co
...................................................................................................
@ ya
...................................................................................................
nr ao
08. He(That) may cook the food.
...................................................................................................
ry
09. They(Those) two(M) may cook the food.
do cto
................................................................................................... 10. They(Those) (many)(M) may cook the food.
O"
...................................................................................................
RA
Q.3..: Translate the following sentences into English:01. ta> AÚ< pceyu>,
Y.
N.
..................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
"D
r.
02. #ma> #ma> vô< ³I[Iyu>,
42
.in
03. @ta> kwa< kwyeyu>,
.co
...................................................................................................
ho o
04. ta> pvRtm! Aaraeheyu>,
@ ya
.................................................................................................. 05. sa pvRtm! Aaraehet!,
06. #y< A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyet!,
nr ao
...................................................................................................
do cto
07. #ma> A* kayaRly< n gCDeyu>,
ry
...................................................................................................
.................................................................................................. 08. @;a A* kayaRly< n gCDet!,
O"
...................................................................................................
RA
09. sa ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet!,
N.
................................................................................................... 10. #y< devm! AceRt!,
"D
r.
Y.
...................................................................................................
43
.co
01. One should not sleep during the day-time.
ho o
Q.1..: Translate the following sentences into Sanskrit:-
.in
PART-B:
@ ya
.................................................................................................. 02. The two students(M) should not sleep during the day-time.
nr ao
...................................................................................................
ry
03. One should always speak the truth. ...................................................................................................
do cto
04. You(Respect) have to wash your hands. [Use ‘Évan! Évan!’] ...................................................................................................
O"
05. Possibly it may rain today in the evening.
RA
................................................................................................... Q.2..: Translate the following sentences into English:-
N.
01. ikm! #danIm! Ah< Éaejn< k…yaRm! %t AXyynm!?
Y.
..................................................................................................
"D
r.
02. Évan! A* raÇaE mm g&he Éaejn< k…yaRt!, ...................................................................................................
44
.in
03. sa àawnagIt< gayet!,
.co
...................................................................................................
ho o
04. s> zIº< SvSw> Évet!,
..................................................................................................
@ ya
05. sa pvRtm! Aaraehet!,
nr ao
...................................................................................................
"D
r.
Y.
N.
RA
O"
do cto
ry
***
45
.in
‘KEY’
.co
LEARN SANSKRIT--MODULE-51 :: EXERCISE (A_yas> A_yas> abhyäsaù):
ho o
Q.1.: Fill in the blanks in the following table with the suitable Potential Mood Forms of the concerned Root Verbs:@kvcne
iÖvcne iÖvcne
Root Verb
In Singular Number
In Dual Number
Tvm! = You
yuvam! = You two
yUym! = You many
AceRtm!
AceRt
worship 02. Aa+gm! Aa gm!(gCDœ) / AagCDe>
AagCDet
Aaraehe>
Aaraehetm!
Aaraehet
kwye>
kwyetm!
kwyet
³I[Iya>
³I[Iyatm!
³I[Iyat
do cto
to climb up
= to buy
RA
05. ³I/³I[! ³I ³I[!
= to tell
O"
04. kw!/kwy!
In Plural Number
AagCDetm!
AagCD œ= to come 03. Aaéhœ/Aaraehœ =
nr ao
AceR>
ry
01. Ac!R = to
b÷vcne
@ ya
xatu>
06. oadœ = to eat
oade>
oadetm!
oadet
07. gm!/gCDœ
gCDe>
gCDetm!
gCDet
08. †z!/dz!R/ pZy! = pZye>
pZyetm!
pZyet
Y.
N.
= to go
to see
pce>
pcetm!
pcet
10. ÉU/Év! = to be
Éve>
Évetm!
Évet
"D
r.
09. pc! = to cook
46
ho o
.co
Tv< iz]k> Éve>, 02. You two may eat a mango fruit.
@ ya
yuvam! Aaè)l< oadetm!, 03. You(many) may not go to the office today.
nr ao
yUy< A* kayaRly< n gCDet,
04. You two may see a film today in the evening.
do cto
05. You may tell the story.
ry
yuva< A* say»ale clicÇ< pZyetm!,
Tvm! kwa< kwye>,
06. You two may buy the cloth.
O"
yuva< vô< ³I[Iyatm!,
RA
07. You(many) may cook the food.
N.
yUy< AÚ< pcet,
08. You two may become two teachers(F).
Y.
yuva< izi]ke Évetm!,
r.
09. You(many) may go to a foreign country.
"D
.in
Q.2..: Translate the following sentences into Sanskrit:01. You may become a teacher(M).
yUy< ivdez< gCDet,
47
.in
Tv< ñ> dehlIt> AagCDe>,
ho o
Q.3..: Translate the following sentences into English:-
@ ya
01. yuva< pvRtm! Aaraehetm!,
02. Tvm! A* say»ale clicÇ< pZye>,
nr ao
You two may climb up the mountain.
ry
You may see a film today in the evening. 03. yUy< ñ> dehlIt> AagCDet,
do cto
You(many) may come from Delhi tomorrow.
04. yuva< devm! AceRtm!,
O"
You two may worship the God.
RA
05. yuva< ivdez< gCDetm!,
You two may go to a foreign country.
N.
06. yUym! Aaè)l< oadet,
Y.
You(many) may eat a mango fruit.
r.
07. yUy< izi]ka> Évet,
"D
.co
10. You may come from Delhi tomorrow.
You(many) may become (many) teachers(F).
48
.in
08. yuva< iz]kaE Évetm!,
.co
You two may become two teachers(M).
ho o
09. yUy< kwa< kwyet, You(many) may tell the story.
@ ya
10. yUy< vô< ³I[Iyat,
ry
nr ao
You(many) may buy the cloth.
"D
r.
Y.
N.
RA
O"
do cto
***
49
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