Car Park Jet Fan s4s20

Car Park Ventilation System

Kruger Induced Jet Fan Ventilation Systems

1

Kruger Induced Jet Fan

Why our model outperforms products from our competitors

What is an Induced Jet Fan? Various industrial methods exist for building ventilation system design. One of the most efficient ways of distributing the fresh air uniformly throughout the car and transportation of the park contaminated air from one end of the building to the other for disposal is by means of a system of induced jet fan (IJA) units. IJAs can be mounted onto the ceiling of an architectural facility in both series and parallel array such that the induction of air can take place through these chains of fans. A typical IJA can have an air throw distance of up to 40 meters. This allows air from the outlet of a IJA to travel for a specific allowable distance before losing its momentum and to be induced into the inlet of an adjacent IJA in the same direction of the air flow.

Kruger Induced Jet Fan

Velocity V as a function of distance z

Vz versus spatial grid (x, z)

Illustration of single IJA velocity profile using colour plot. 300 monitor points scattered over 10.5×19 meters (represented by black dots) measure the localised z-velocity in the (x, z) spatial grid

Kruger Induced Jet Fan is a special designed fan to achieve high impulse throw of discharging air. It consists of an attenuator at the suction and discharge side, pre-designed inlet and outlet guide vane. The fan units are of high efficiency axial TDA-F series. TDA-F series was tested and certified at Warrington Fire Research Centre Ltd, UK on BS standard BS 7346 Class B, at rated temperature 250°C for 2 hours and Class D 300°C for an hour.

All our jet fans are built with high quality assurance and verified using advanced test equipment. We calibrate our fan model based on the AMCA standard.

Kruger Induced Jet Fans with volume flow rate up to 7600 CMH and a throw distance of 35 m

2

Ventilation System in Car Park

Purging of Smoke and Heat based on Induced Jet Fans

Induced Jet Fan Ventilation System A ventilation system that is based on the utilisation of induced jet fans is an alternative to the conventional duct system. The air in one region can be transported through a long distance by the induction of the air through the fan units in a series mode. However there are many factors such as the allocated number of units and the volume flow rate of each of these units that affect an optima arrangement of fans to provide good ventilation. In addition, there are also flow barriers and obstacles in an architectural facility such as pillars and beams that will affect the air flow of the system. Such an arrangement is also dependent on the structural configuration of the building. Kruger has the expertise of presenting effective ventilation under fire conditions. An operational example of the vehicle tunnel ventilation during a fire outbreak is shown below.

Normal ventilation is used during normal traffic operation to maintain acceptable levels of contaminants (CO and CO2) in the car park areas. A 6 ACH (Air Change per Hour) is recommended for the normal ventilation purpose. Emergency Ventilation is introduced during a fire mode to remove, control and dilute of smoke and contaminants particles. The major purpose of emergency ventilation is to provide a car park environment sufficiently clear of smoke and hot contaminant gases to permit safe evacuation. Building regulations state the requirement for 10 ~ 12 ACH (Air Change per Hour) in the event of fire operation.

Illustration of system velocity profile using colour plot. 500 monitor points scattered over 18×19 meters (represented by black dots) measure the localised z-velocity in the (x, z) spatial grid

Surface response curves for zvector velocity

Air Flow Profile of Induced Jet Fan

Tunnel Entrance and Fresh air inlet

Jet Fans

Air Flow

Induced jet fans add momentum to both air and smoke flow in a vehicle tunnel Ventilation system based on induced jet fans is able to induce heat and smoke effectively out of a car park despite beam obstacles on the ceiling

3

Kruger Induced Jet Fan Ventilation System

Integrating our fans to design the perfect ventilation system Induced Jet Fan Ventilation System

Induced jet fan or ductless fan system is another alternative to air supply ducts in buildings. It allows savings in operating costs in comparison with the conventional duct system. In addition, it is less costly to develop a smoke purge system based on an array of axial fans instead of the conventional ductbased system. The fan units can be arranged in series or parallel modes. The key objective is to enable a continuous chain of air flow through these units without the use of a physical duct. The induction of air through multiple units results in a chain of continuous moving air that can remove organic gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) from the exhaust of cars and carbon dioxide (CO2) from humanoid occupants in an enclosed space. Since such a ventilation system can create a channel of air motion effectively, it replaces the conventional ducting system to transport air. The elimination of ducts also means savings in space and cost due to the spatial constraint enforced by the geometry of the ceiling and other installations that may act as obstacles. Furthermore, the airstream can be directed in any orientation and both heating and cooling modes are available.

Characteristics - Induced Jet Fan Ventilation System

Exhaust Fan:

Base on 10 ~ 12 ACH, emergency fire mode and 6 ACH for normal mode operation.

Make-up Fan:

To introduce fresh air into the car park area by mechanical fresh air fans with the capacity of 50 ~ 80 % of the Exhaust Ventilation Fan.

 Both fresh air ducting system and exhaust ducting systems are designed parking area throughout the whole parking area.  A series of induced jet fans are installed to evenly distribution and effectively direct the smoke and contaminants air to the exhaust.

Kruger Induced Jet Fan Ventilation System This longitudinal ventilation is achieved with specially designed Kruger Induced Jet Fans, which create an impulse, that push and force the smoke or contaminants air along the direction as designed. The high air velocity outlet of the Kruger Induced Jet Fan is specially guided by the pre-designed outlet and inlet guide vane which will provide a long distance of air throw that creates an induce air towards the jet profile. These induce air help ventilate and dilute the contaminants air at the low level especially on the normal mode where CO or CO2 were exhausted out by automobile in the car park.

Advantages of Kruger Induced Jet fan System  Eliminates of complicated ductworks: Totally no duct require or minimum short ducting. Reduce the needs of expansion distribution ductwork, grill, louver, damper and etc.  Higher efficiency: Reduce system loss of complicated ductwork. Thus, reduce motors power, sound level, and finally electrical consumption reduction.  Space and clear height: More space and optimize clear height for car park and make other services (water piping, wiring and etc) installation easier.

Kruger Induced Jet Fan Ventilation system

 Reduce completion time: Eliminate complicated ductworks construction time. Reduce other services installation and co-ordinate time.

4

Smoke Control Using Induced Jet Fans Looking into the modern smoke control system

Kruger Smoke Control System

Kruger Electronic-based Smoke Control System +

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Exhaust Fans

Control Signal

ch1 ch0

Frequency Inverter

Activation

Exhaust Fan Controller

Kruger smoke control system is the state-of-the-art technology that is developed by our very own team of engineers. As a result, it is of low initial cost and we ensure high quality and reliable data acquisition from sensor probes and accurate control based on low level programmed algorithms.

ch7 ch6

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ch1

Smoke, Heat and CO Probes

ch0 Heat Sensors

Temperature Indicator

CO Sensors

Measured Signal

Air Jet Fan Controller ch7 ch6

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CO Indicator Smoke Indicator

Smoke Sensors

Measured Signal Measured Signal

Threshold Functions Supply Fan Controller

The control system typically consists of smoke, heat and CO probes that are strategically positioned at various locations in a car park. These probes detect temperature and count of smoke particles and send the signal to a control system. If the system identifies an abnormal rise of heat and smoke concentration within a short period of time that signifies the possibility of a fire, an alarm will be activated. When these concentrations reach a level that is above the threshold set by the system, the supply and exhaust fans will be increased to a higher operation by the controller. The induced jet fans will also have a higher volume flow rate to purge the smoke and heat at a faster rate so that visibility can be reduced to an acceptable level for humans to find their escape routes.

Smoke Control System +

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Kruger Jet Fans

Control Signal Frequency Inverter

Activation

Power Supply ch1

Smoke, Heat and CO Probes Heat Sensors

Air Jet Fan Controller Channels

Temperature Indicator ch2

CO Indicator ch3

Smoke Indicator

ch5

CO Sensors

Measured Signal

Smoke Sensors

Measured Signal Measured Signal

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Supply Fans

Control Signal Frequency Inverter

Activation Supply Fan Controller Channels

Sensors are evenly distributed in a car park and the system is able to detect the location where there is a fire outbreak. If the fire is localised in a space, only t he fans that are within the encapsulation perimeter from the centre of the fire are activated.

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Smoke, Heat and CO Probes Heat Sensors

Temperature Indicator ch4

CO Indicator

Measured Signal Measured Signal

CO Sensors Sm oke Sensors

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Smoke Indicator

Measured Signal

Shown above is a smoke control electronic system for a car park that is installed with induced air jet fans, as well as exhaust and supply fans. It is built with heat, smoke and CO sensors that will detect the presence of high temperature and smoke generation. The fans within the region of the fire will be activated to remove the undesirable contaminants at an increased rate.

Emergency smoke and heat purge by induced jet fan ventilation system in a car park

Emergency region that requires immediate purge of smoke and heat

Legend Activated Jet Fan

Activated Exhaust Fan

Activated Supply Fan

Air Flow

Heat, Smoke & CO sensors

Fire

On the left: When the sensors detect the presence of high temperature and smoke concentration, the fans assigned to the segment, which the controller identifies as the fire region is activated. Only activated fans within the vicinity of the fire takes part in the purging process.

5

An Effective Ventilation System Our system design methodology

Design of an Effective Ventilation System

Design Methodology Systematic approach that consists of building survey, followed by the identification of air sources, pressure differences and resistances to flow is implemented at Kruger. Once an efficient air circuit is designed, the pressure differences at various locations are modified to achieve the desired flow rates at different zones. The pressure differences or energy potential differences flows over the resistors such as obstacles, pillars, ceiling beams, walls and staircases in the car park. Once we have confirmed that an effective air current is flowing, the next step will be to vary the potential difference and resistance to create the desired current. This means that we can modify the total number or volume flow rates of the fans that control the total volume flow rate for supply, exhaust or migration of air from one point to another.

Architectural survey of car park

Computational model showing car park floor layout

Computational Fluid Dynamics All ventilation systems designed for car parks are verified at Kruger using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. Simulation models of the building (or car park) are built, tested and analysed. The details of the development and validation of a ventilation model using induced jet fans is given. The model has been extensively validated using the test data from CFD simulation. The effectiveness of ventilation is determined by the degree of stagnant air regions during normal operation mode of the fan units and the magnitude of gas contaminants and heat resulting from a simulated fire when the units are activated at full power.

Computational models used in the design of the ventilation system that is based on Kruger Induced Jet Fans in the Bandar Utama Project, Malaysia

Identification of flow requirements and obstacles in enclosure

Placement of fans and design of air circuit

Adjusting volume flow rate of induced jet fans and supply exhaust fans

effectiveness of ventilation system design using CFD

Deliver CFD outputs and graphs

Systematic approach for the design of Kruger Induced Jet Fan Ventilation System in a car park

6

Computational Fluid Dynamics A powerful tool in our organisation

Computational Fluid Analysis Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis has been undertaken to provide an effective method of determining the optimum placement of induce jet fan units in an enclosure, so as to achieve the best ventilation. The examination of the air circuitry is important in ensuring that the distribution of air and its movement properties are sufficient to provide the enclosure for both general and emergency ventilation cases. In a car park, the general ventilation of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) is achieved by the daily and periodic operation of the induce jet fans. During a fire outbreak when smoke is produced at high rates, all the fans are activated at full power to push the dangerous contaminants out of the building. Therefore, it is vital that induced jet fans are positioned strategically throughout the car park to maintain a distribution of air that covers sufficient areas to remove potential stagnant air regions known as ‘dead spots’ and which moves fast enough to transport any contaminants produced within the enclosure. CFD has been used to illustrate the effectiveness of positioning fans based on our specialist’s proposed configuration. The degree of ventilation is analysed using the speed, smoke concentration, and temperature contour plots of the ventilation system that is operating at normal and emergency modes from the front, plan and side views

Air jets from fans at fan height level

Temperature Level (deg Celsius)

A fire is typically simulated within the facility and the fans are activated to the full power mode. The volume flow rates of each fan is doubled and smoke concentration plots are prepared for the fire situation. For both the normal and emergency operational modes, the CFD model of a ventilation system is sometimes verified using experimental results. Useful deduction on the performance of the system is made. Steady and transient state solutions provide insights on the most effective smoke control using our designed ventilation system.

Fire simulation in car park from isometric view

CFD simulation outputs enable us to predict the distribution of smoke and heat from a fire source and how air flows through the spatial region in the car park

Smoke Concentration Level (ppm)

Air Speed Level (m/s)

7

IJA Series Induced Jet FAN

Induced Jet Fan

– IJA Series

Fan • Double flanged casing is produced in mild steel or galvanised Steel. • Impeller is made of PPG, PAG or Aluminum with manually adjustable pitch blades.

ØA

• Totally enclosed Class ‘F’/’H’ motor with a min. IP54 protection. Motors up to 2.2kW are usually supplied on DOL starting, motors 3.0kW and above are star/delta starting. • Unidirectional or truly-reversible flow direction.

ØB

• Painting or galvanized finish on all parts.

C L

Silencer • Outer casing made of galvanized steel sheet and inner casing made of galvanized steel perforated sheet.

Dimensions

• Rounded nose to smooth airflow and a tapered tail to reduce the air turbulence and pressure drop. • Glass fiber as absorption filler material to achieve excellent acoustic performance. • Each model is available with 1D/2D silencer as standard length. Non-standard length to meet special performance requirement can be supplied upon request.

Model

A

B

C

L

IJA 315

315

415

355

1125

IJA 355

355

455

355

1225

IJA 400

410

510

450

1394

IJA 450

460

560

450

1510 All Dimensions in mm.

Technical Data Model IJA 315 IJA 355 IJA 400 IJA 450

Flow Rate m3/h 2250 4500 3240 6480 4500 9000 6000 12000

Outlet Velocity m/s 8.0 16.0 9.1 18.2 10.0 20.0 10.5 21.0

Installed Power kW 0.11 0.75 0.2 1.5 0.6 3.6 0.6 3.6

Phase

Hz

Voltage

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60

400/380 400/380 400/380 400/380 400/380 400/380 400/380 400/380

dB(A) at 3m 38/38 54/54 43/42 58/58 44/46 60/62 46/47 62/62

RPM 1450/1750 2850/3450 1450/1750 2850/3450 1450/1750 2850/3450 1450/1750 2850/3450

Accessories Hanger

Mounting Feet

2° x Ø10

H

2° x Ø10

B

C D

A B

A

Dimensions Mounting Feet

Hanger

Model A

B

C

D

H

Wt/set (kg)

A

B

Wt/set (kg)

IJA 315

265

315

25

50

209

2

355

263

2.2

IJA 355

290

355

25

50

237

2

395

263

2.2

IJA 400

304

400

25

50

265

2.5

440

263

2.2

IJA 450

375

450

25

50

288

3

490

288

2.4

– IJA Series

d

Induced Jet Fan

IJA315

IJA355

IJA400

IJA450

Distance from Nozzle (m)

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

Flow Width d (m)

0.85

1.70

2.55

3.40

4.25

5.10

5.95

6.80

7.65

8.50

9.35

10.20

IJA 315

5.62

3.47

2.42

1.86

1.51

1.27

1.09

0.91

0.73

0.55

0.37

0.25

IJA 355

6.42

4.35

3.05

2.35

1.91

1.61

1.39

1.22

1.09

0.96

0.83

0.70

IJA 400

7.41

5.26

3.72

2.87

2.33

1.97

1.70

1.50

1.34

1.21

1.10

1.01

IJA 450

7.82

5.73

4.37

3.36

2.74

2.32

2

1.77

1.58

1.43

1.3

1.2

Distance from Nozzle (m)

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Flow Width d (m)

11.05

11.90

12.75

13.60

14.45

15.30

16.15

17.00

17.85

18.70

19.56

20.41

IJA 315

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

IJA 355

0.57

0.44

0.24

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

IJA 400

0.94

0.84

0.74

0.64

0.54

0.44

0.26

-

-

-

-

-

IJA 450

1.11

1.03

0.97

0.91

0.85

0.81

0.77

0.67

0.57

0.47

0.37

0.27

Center Line Velocity (m/s)

Center Line Velocity (m/s)

TESTING Tested by Warrington Fire Research which is UK’s largest independent specialist in fire safety testing, consultancy and research. IJA series were tested in accordance with BS7346 Part 2: 1990 and satisfied the performance criteria for Class B as defined in BS standard. Class

Temperature (°C)

Duration (hrs)

A

150

5.0

B

250

2.0

C

300

0.5

D

300

1.0

E

400

2.0

F

600

1.5

G

650

1.0

840

Achieved in 0.5 hrs (No rated duration)

H

IJC 9/7T Specification

Fan Flow Rate (m3/h)

2200

Power (W)

550

Fan Speed (rpm)

1350

Power Supply (V/Ph/Hz)

220~240/1/50

Nozzle Diameter (mm)

125

Outlet Velocity

16.6

Dimension 1028 988 950

350 400

850 798

Dia 125

Velocity Profile Distance (m) Velocity (m/s)

1

2

10.55 5.85

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

4.04

3.09

2.50

2.10

1.81

1.59

1.42

1.28

1.17

1.07

0.99

Distance (m)

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Velocity (m/s)

0.92

0.86

0.81

0.76

0.72

0.68

0.65

0.62

0.59

0.56

0.54

0.52

0.50

IJC 10-8 Specification

Fan Flow Rate (m3/h)

2700

Power (W)

550

Fan Speed (rpm)

1300

Power Supply (V/Ph/Hz)

230~240/3/60

Nozzle Diameter (mm)

127

Outlet Velocity

18.7

Dimension 1028 988 950

Ø9

450

400 500

1150 1098

Ø127

Velocity Profile Distance (m) Velocity (m/s)

0

2

18.70 6.82

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

3.61

2.46

1.86

1.50

1.25

1.08

0.94

0.84

0.76

0.69

0.63

IJM 250x2 Specification

Fan Flow Rate (m3/h)

2540

Fan Speed (rpm)

2420

Outlet Diameter (mm)

248

Outlet Velocity (m/s)

7.6

Power (W)

380

Sound Level dB(A) Power Supply (V/Ph/Hz)

57 @3m (Free Field) 230~240/1/50

540

Dimension 300

MOUNTING BRACKET

Dia 272

Dia 248

155

291

PROTECTION NET

386

Velocity Profile (For single fan) Distance (m)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

Velocity (m/s)

6.32

4.79

3.42

2.65

2.17

1.83

1.59

1.40

1.25

1.13

1.04

0.95

0.88

Distance (m)

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Velocity (m/s)

0.82

0.77

0.72

0.68

0.64

0.61

0.58

0.55

0.53

0.51

0.49

0.47

0.45

IJM 250x2 (60Hz) Specification

Fan Flow Rate (m3/h)

2590

Fan Speed (rpm)

2400

Outlet Diameter (mm)

248

Outlet Velocity (m/s)

7.6

Power (W)

510

Sound Level dB(A) Power Supply (V/Ph/Hz)

57 @3m (Free Field) 230~240/1/60

540

Dimension 300

MOUNTING BRACKET

Dia 272

Dia 248

155

291

PROTECTION NET

386

Velocity Profile (For single fan) Distance (m)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

Velocity (m/s)

6.32

4.79

3.42

2.65

2.17

1.83

1.59

1.40

1.25

1.13

1.04

0.95

0.88

Distance (m)

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Velocity (m/s)

0.82

0.77

0.72

0.68

0.64

0.61

0.58

0.55

0.53

0.51

0.49

0.47

0.45