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Equal Friction Method
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Equal Friction Method
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The equal friction method of sizing ducts is easy and straightforward to use Home PrinterFriendly • Acoustics Sponsored Links • Air Psychrometrics ToolBox ShortList • Basics • Add this Page! HVAC Cooling Systems Industrial AC Systems Adjusted To Thailand Climate 40% Energy Saving www.hi-light.co.il/DuCool • Combustion Link to this Page! • Drawing Tools Textiles Coated Int All-PTFE Flexible Ducting Wear & Fire Resistant www.textilescoated.com • Dynamics BookMarkThe • Economics Engineering ToolBox! • Electrical The equal friction method of sizing ducts is often preferred because it is quite easy to use. The method can be summarized to BookMark this Page! • Environment • Fluid Mechanics 1. Compute the necessary air flow volume (m3/h, cfm) in every room and branch of the system • Gas and Compressed Air 2. Use 1) to compute the total air volume (m3/h, cfm) in the main system • HVAC Systems 3. Determine the maximum acceptable airflow velocity in the main duct • Hydraulics and 4. Determine the major pressure drop in the main duct Energy Efficient Pneumatics HVAC 5. Use the major pressure drop for the main duct as a constant to determine the duct sizes throughout the • Insulation Learn about distribution system energy-efficient • Material Properties 6. Determine the total resistance in the duct system by multiplying the static resistance with the equivalent home heating and • Mathematics length of the longest run cooling options. • Mechanics 7. Compute balancing dampers ProudGreenHome.co… • Miscellaneous • Physiology • Piping Systems Water Hammer • Process Control Analysis • Pumps Fast, Accurate • Standards Software - Large Organizations
Network Capabilities - Free Demo
• Steam and Condensate
• Thermodynamics • Water Systems Ads by Google Flexible Duct Heating Duct Pressure Drop Duct Systems Static
ToolBox ShortList • Add this Page!
Search the ToolBox!
Translate this Page!! ! Temperature
0 o
C
kypipe.com
1. Compute the air volume in every room and branch Use the actual heat, cooling or air quality requirements for the rooms and calculate the required air volume - q.
2. Compute the total volume in the system
American AutoMatrix Over 31 BTL Listed Controls Call for Pricing 1877-226-4822 www.aamatrix.com
Make a simplified diagram of the system like the one above. Use 1) to summarize and accumulate the total volume - qtotal - in the system. Note! Be aware that maximum load conditions almost never occurs in all of the rooms at the same time. Avoid over-sizing the main system by multiplying the accumulated volume with a factor less than one (This is probably the hard part - and for larger systems sophisticated computer-assisted indoor climate calculations are often required).
3. Determine the maximum acceptable airflow velocity in the main ducts Select the maximum velocity in the main duct on basis of the application environment. To avoid disturbing noise levels - keep maximum velocities within experienced limits:
• comfort systems - air velocity 4 to 7 m/s (13 to 23 ft/s) • industrial systems - air velocity 8 to 12 m/s (26 to 40 ft/s) • high speed systems - air velocity 10 to 18 m/s (33 to 60 ft/s)
Sammet Industrial Dampers Leaders of Damper Technology ISO 9001 & 14001, European Quality www.sammet.fi
Free Industry Magazines HRW
Use the maximum velocity limits when selecting the size of the main duct.
o
F
Convert !
4. Determine the static pressure drop in main duct Use a pressure drop table or similar to determine the static pressure drop in the main duct.
Length
1 m km in
5. Determine the duct sizes throughout the system Use the static pressure drop determined in 4) as a constant to determine the ducts sizes throughout the system. Use the air volumes calculated in 1) for the calculation. Select the duct sizes with the pressure drop for the actual ducts as close to the main duct pressure drop as possible.
Microwaves & RF
6. Determine the total resistance in the system
ft yards miles nautical miles
Convert !
Use the static pressure from 4) to calculate the pressure drop through the longest part of the duct system. Use the equivalent length which is
• the actual length + additional lengths for bends, T's, inlets and outlets
7. Calculate balancing dampers
Volume
Use the total resistance in 6) and the volume flow throughout the system to calculate necessary dampers and the theoretical pressure loss through the dampers.
1
Note about the Equal Friction Method m3 liters
Vision Systems Design
The equal friction method is straightforward and easy to use and gives an automatic reduction of the air flow velocities throughout the system. The reduced velocities are in general within the noise limits of the application environment.
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/equal-friction-method-d_1028.html
07/03/2554
Equal Friction Method
Page 2 of 3 The method can increase the numbers of reductions compared to other methods, and often a poorer pressure balance in the system require more adjusting dampers. This may increase the system cost compared to other methods.
in3 3
ft
Example - Equal Friction Method
us gal
Convert !
The equal friction method can be done manual or more or less semi automatic with a spreadsheet as shown in the table below.
Velocity
1 m/s km/h ft/min ft/s mph
The table is based on the diagram above. Air flow and friction loss from a diagram is added. Minor pressure loss coefficients must be summarized for for the actual applications.
knots
Convert !
The pressure loss in each path is summarized on the right and pressure loss is added manually in the dampers to balance the system.
Pressure The excel template can be ed here!
1
Sponsored Links 2
Pa (N/m ) bar
Pressure boosting pumps Count on a consistent flow! Perfect solutions for water supply. homeperformance.grundfos.com
mm H2O
Pressure measurement Long-term stable & robust sensors - process & differential pressure www.vega.com
kg/cm2
Ventilation Software Mining Ventilation Design Advanced 3D modelling software www.ventsim.com
psi inches H2O
Convert ! Flow
Related Topics • Ventilation - Systems for ventilation and air handling - air change rates, ducts and pressure drops, charts and diagrams and more Sponsored Links
1 m3/s m3/h US gpm cfm
Convert ! Unit Converter Scientific
Related Documents • • • • • • • • • •
Calculator
• Free Industry Magazines HRW
•
Air Ducts Friction Loss Diagram - Major loss diagram air ducts - SI units Air Ducts Friction Loss Diagram - Major loss diagram air ducts - Imperial units ranging 10 - 100 000 cfm Air Velocities in Ducts - Recommended maximum air velocities in ventilation ducts Circular Duct Sizes - Dimensions of circular ventilation air ducts Design of Ventilation Systems - A design procedure of ventilation systems, with air flow rates, heat and cooling loads, air shifts according occupants, air supply principles Duct Velocity - Calculate velocities in circular and rectangular ducts - imperial and SI-units - online calculator Friction Loss in Ducts - Friction loss or major loss in ducts - equations and online calculator for rectangular and circular ducts - imperial units Minor Loss Coefficients for Air Duct Components - Minor loss - pressure or head loss - coefficients for air duct distribution systems components Rectangular Duct Sizes - Dimensions of common rectangular air ducts used in ventilation systems Rectangular and Circular HVAC Ducts - Equivalent Diameter - Equivalent diameters for rectangular and circular ducts - air flows between 100 - 50,000 cfm Sizing Circular Ducts - A rough guide to maximum air volume capacity of circular ducts in comfort, industrial and high speed ventilation systems Sizing Ducts - The ductwork of ventilation systems are often sized with either the Velocity, the Constant Pressure Loss (or Equal Friction Loss) - or the Static Pressure Recovery Methods
ToolBox Short List Difficult to find your favorite ToolBox page? Add links to your favorite pages in your own personal Short List! • Add this Page! • Delete the ShortList!
Microwaves & RF
Vision Systems Design
Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Edition - Online 3D modeling!
Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Edition - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free Google SketchUp.
Search the ToolBox Search
Custom Search
Translate the ToolBox Arabic - Chinese (Simplified) - Chinese (Traditional) - Dutch - French - German - Italian - Japanese - Korean Portuguese - Russian - Spanish
About the ToolBox We appreciate any comments and tips on how to make The Engineering ToolBox a better information source. Please us by email
• [email protected]
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/equal-friction-method-d_1028.html
07/03/2554
Equal Friction Method
Page 3 of 3 if You find any faults, inaccuracies, or otherwise unacceptable information. The content in The Engineering ToolBox is copyrighted but can be used with NO WARRANTY or LIABILITY. Important information should always be double checked with alternative sources. All applicable national and local regulations and practices concerning this aspects must be strictly followed and adhered to.
in the ToolBox If you want to promote your products or services in this site - please follow this link.
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/equal-friction-method-d_1028.html
07/03/2554
Page 1 of 3
Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications! Ads by Google
HVAC Duct Sizing
HVAC Calculate
Duct Design
Search
Air Duct
Calculate Flow Rate
แนะนํา Custom Search
Equal Friction Method
Engineering News
The equal friction method of sizing ducts is easy and straightforward to use Home PrinterFriendly • Acoustics Sponsored Links • Air Psychrometrics ToolBox ShortList • Basics • Add this Page! HVAC Cooling Systems Industrial AC Systems Adjusted To Thailand Climate 40% Energy Saving www.hi-light.co.il/DuCool • Combustion Link to this Page! • Drawing Tools Textiles Coated Int All-PTFE Flexible Ducting Wear & Fire Resistant www.textilescoated.com • Dynamics BookMarkThe • Economics Engineering ToolBox! • Electrical The equal friction method of sizing ducts is often preferred because it is quite easy to use. The method can be summarized to BookMark this Page! • Environment • Fluid Mechanics 1. Compute the necessary air flow volume (m3/h, cfm) in every room and branch of the system • Gas and Compressed Air 2. Use 1) to compute the total air volume (m3/h, cfm) in the main system • HVAC Systems 3. Determine the maximum acceptable airflow velocity in the main duct • Hydraulics and 4. Determine the major pressure drop in the main duct Energy Efficient Pneumatics HVAC 5. Use the major pressure drop for the main duct as a constant to determine the duct sizes throughout the • Insulation Learn about distribution system energy-efficient • Material Properties 6. Determine the total resistance in the duct system by multiplying the static resistance with the equivalent home heating and • Mathematics length of the longest run cooling options. • Mechanics 7. Compute balancing dampers ProudGreenHome.co… • Miscellaneous • Physiology • Piping Systems Water Hammer • Process Control Analysis • Pumps Fast, Accurate • Standards Software - Large Organizations
Network Capabilities - Free Demo
• Steam and Condensate
• Thermodynamics • Water Systems Ads by Google Flexible Duct Heating Duct Pressure Drop Duct Systems Static
ToolBox ShortList • Add this Page!
Search the ToolBox!
Translate this Page!! ! Temperature
0 o
C
kypipe.com
1. Compute the air volume in every room and branch Use the actual heat, cooling or air quality requirements for the rooms and calculate the required air volume - q.
2. Compute the total volume in the system
American AutoMatrix Over 31 BTL Listed Controls Call for Pricing 1877-226-4822 www.aamatrix.com
Make a simplified diagram of the system like the one above. Use 1) to summarize and accumulate the total volume - qtotal - in the system. Note! Be aware that maximum load conditions almost never occurs in all of the rooms at the same time. Avoid over-sizing the main system by multiplying the accumulated volume with a factor less than one (This is probably the hard part - and for larger systems sophisticated computer-assisted indoor climate calculations are often required).
3. Determine the maximum acceptable airflow velocity in the main ducts Select the maximum velocity in the main duct on basis of the application environment. To avoid disturbing noise levels - keep maximum velocities within experienced limits:
• comfort systems - air velocity 4 to 7 m/s (13 to 23 ft/s) • industrial systems - air velocity 8 to 12 m/s (26 to 40 ft/s) • high speed systems - air velocity 10 to 18 m/s (33 to 60 ft/s)
Sammet Industrial Dampers Leaders of Damper Technology ISO 9001 & 14001, European Quality www.sammet.fi
Free Industry Magazines HRW
Use the maximum velocity limits when selecting the size of the main duct.
o
F
Convert !
4. Determine the static pressure drop in main duct Use a pressure drop table or similar to determine the static pressure drop in the main duct.
Length
1 m km in
5. Determine the duct sizes throughout the system Use the static pressure drop determined in 4) as a constant to determine the ducts sizes throughout the system. Use the air volumes calculated in 1) for the calculation. Select the duct sizes with the pressure drop for the actual ducts as close to the main duct pressure drop as possible.
Microwaves & RF
6. Determine the total resistance in the system
ft yards miles nautical miles
Convert !
Use the static pressure from 4) to calculate the pressure drop through the longest part of the duct system. Use the equivalent length which is
• the actual length + additional lengths for bends, T's, inlets and outlets
7. Calculate balancing dampers
Volume
Use the total resistance in 6) and the volume flow throughout the system to calculate necessary dampers and the theoretical pressure loss through the dampers.
1
Note about the Equal Friction Method m3 liters
Vision Systems Design
The equal friction method is straightforward and easy to use and gives an automatic reduction of the air flow velocities throughout the system. The reduced velocities are in general within the noise limits of the application environment.
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/equal-friction-method-d_1028.html
07/03/2554
Equal Friction Method
Page 2 of 3 The method can increase the numbers of reductions compared to other methods, and often a poorer pressure balance in the system require more adjusting dampers. This may increase the system cost compared to other methods.
in3 3
ft
Example - Equal Friction Method
us gal
Convert !
The equal friction method can be done manual or more or less semi automatic with a spreadsheet as shown in the table below.
Velocity
1 m/s km/h ft/min ft/s mph
The table is based on the diagram above. Air flow and friction loss from a diagram is added. Minor pressure loss coefficients must be summarized for for the actual applications.
knots
Convert !
The pressure loss in each path is summarized on the right and pressure loss is added manually in the dampers to balance the system.
Pressure The excel template can be ed here!
1
Sponsored Links 2
Pa (N/m ) bar
Pressure boosting pumps Count on a consistent flow! Perfect solutions for water supply. homeperformance.grundfos.com
mm H2O
Pressure measurement Long-term stable & robust sensors - process & differential pressure www.vega.com
kg/cm2
Ventilation Software Mining Ventilation Design Advanced 3D modelling software www.ventsim.com
psi inches H2O
Convert ! Flow
Related Topics • Ventilation - Systems for ventilation and air handling - air change rates, ducts and pressure drops, charts and diagrams and more Sponsored Links
1 m3/s m3/h US gpm cfm
Convert ! Unit Converter Scientific
Related Documents • • • • • • • • • •
Calculator
• Free Industry Magazines HRW
•
Air Ducts Friction Loss Diagram - Major loss diagram air ducts - SI units Air Ducts Friction Loss Diagram - Major loss diagram air ducts - Imperial units ranging 10 - 100 000 cfm Air Velocities in Ducts - Recommended maximum air velocities in ventilation ducts Circular Duct Sizes - Dimensions of circular ventilation air ducts Design of Ventilation Systems - A design procedure of ventilation systems, with air flow rates, heat and cooling loads, air shifts according occupants, air supply principles Duct Velocity - Calculate velocities in circular and rectangular ducts - imperial and SI-units - online calculator Friction Loss in Ducts - Friction loss or major loss in ducts - equations and online calculator for rectangular and circular ducts - imperial units Minor Loss Coefficients for Air Duct Components - Minor loss - pressure or head loss - coefficients for air duct distribution systems components Rectangular Duct Sizes - Dimensions of common rectangular air ducts used in ventilation systems Rectangular and Circular HVAC Ducts - Equivalent Diameter - Equivalent diameters for rectangular and circular ducts - air flows between 100 - 50,000 cfm Sizing Circular Ducts - A rough guide to maximum air volume capacity of circular ducts in comfort, industrial and high speed ventilation systems Sizing Ducts - The ductwork of ventilation systems are often sized with either the Velocity, the Constant Pressure Loss (or Equal Friction Loss) - or the Static Pressure Recovery Methods
ToolBox Short List Difficult to find your favorite ToolBox page? Add links to your favorite pages in your own personal Short List! • Add this Page! • Delete the ShortList!
Microwaves & RF
Vision Systems Design
Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Edition - Online 3D modeling!
Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Edition - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free Google SketchUp.
Search the ToolBox Search
Custom Search
Translate the ToolBox Arabic - Chinese (Simplified) - Chinese (Traditional) - Dutch - French - German - Italian - Japanese - Korean Portuguese - Russian - Spanish
About the ToolBox We appreciate any comments and tips on how to make The Engineering ToolBox a better information source. Please us by email
• [email protected]
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/equal-friction-method-d_1028.html
07/03/2554
Equal Friction Method
Page 3 of 3 if You find any faults, inaccuracies, or otherwise unacceptable information. The content in The Engineering ToolBox is copyrighted but can be used with NO WARRANTY or LIABILITY. Important information should always be double checked with alternative sources. All applicable national and local regulations and practices concerning this aspects must be strictly followed and adhered to.
in the ToolBox If you want to promote your products or services in this site - please follow this link.
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/equal-friction-method-d_1028.html
07/03/2554
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