Fire Fighting 6l2z1z

FIRE FIGHTING DESIGN NFPA STANDARDS UL (Underwriters Laboratory) & FM (FACTORY MANUAL)

APPROVALS

FIRE FIGHTING PROTECTION SYSTEM

• FIRE FIGHTING CODES AND STANDARDS NATIONAL BUILDING CODE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA (FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY) NFPA ( NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION) • NFPA 10 – PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS • NFPA 11 & 16 – FOAM • NFPA 13 – SPRINKLER • NFPA 14 – FIRE HOSE SYSTEM, WET RISER • NFPA 20 – FIRE PUMPS • NFPA 24 – FIRE HYDRANT & UNDER GROUND PIPING SYSTEM • NFPA 2001 – CLEAN AGENT (FM-200) • NFPA 72 – FIRE DETECTION & ALARM • NFPA 418 – HELIPADS

FIRE FIGHTING PROTECTION SYSTEM • BEFORE PURCHASING THE FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS WE HAVE TO CHECK THE ISI MARK • IBC FOR MAINTAINTINING REGULATIONS FOR BUILDINGS • UL-UNDERWRITES LABORATORY FOR TESTING OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS AND THEIR CERTIFICATIONS • FM-FACTORY MANUAL (HAZARDS) EXAMS  CFPS(CERTIFIED FIRE PROTECTION SPECIALIST) NEBOSH AND IOSH (IGC-1,2&3) (UK)

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

• FIRE FIGHTING TRIANGLE • IT CONSISTS OF HEAT, FUEL AND OXYGEN – IF WE SUPPRESS ANY OF THESE THREE FROM THE FIRE THEN FIRE WILL STOP HEAT + FUEL +OXYGEN

FIRE FIGHTING PROTECTION SYSTEM • EQUIPMENTS USED IN FIRE FIGHTING PROTECTION SYSTEM FIRE EXTINGUISHERS FIRE HYDRANTS FIRE FIGHTING PIPES FIRE FIGHTING NOZZLES FIRE FIGHTING VALVES (LANDING VALVES,CIAMIS VALVE etc.) FIRE HOSE CABINETS FIRE SPRINKLERS FIRE FIGHTING PUMPS FIRE FIGHTING SENSORS AND DETECTORS FIRE FIGHTING COLOUR COATING (RED – DANGER)

FIRE HYDRANT COLOUR TYPES

FIRE FIGHTING (FIRE HYDRANT) • FIRE HYDRANT

FIRE HYDRANT COLOUR CODES BODY COLORS WHITE

HYDRANT PUBLIC SYSTEM

EBMUD

YELLOW

HYDRANT PRIVATE SYSTEM

CONNECTED TO PUBLIC WATER MAIN

RED

HYDRANT SPECIAL OPERATION

NOT USED EXCEPT FOR SPECIAL PROCEDURES

VIOLET

HYDRANT NON POTABLE SUPPLY

POND OR LAKE SUPPLY, EFFUENT

TOP COLORS (NFPA) BLUE

1500 GPM or MORE

VERY GOOD FLOW

GREEN

1000-1499 GPM

GOOD FOR RESIDENTIAL AREAS

ORANGE

500-999 GPM

ADEQUATE MARGINALLY

RED

BELOW 500 GPM

INADEQUATE

ALTERNATE OUTLET CAP COLORS (NOT NFPA) GREEN

OVER 120 PSI (Pound Per Square Inch)

EXTREMELY HIGH PRESSURE (CAUTION)

ORANGE

50-120 PSI

NORMAL PRESSURE RANGE

RED

BELOW 50 PSI

REQUIRES A PUMP

FIRE FIGHTING(FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND TYPES) • FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND THE AREAS IN WHICH WE CAN USE THE TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS FOR SUPPRESSION OF FIRE ACCORDING TO NFPA (NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION)

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND THEIR LIFE • FIRE EXTINGUISHER IS A PRE-PLANNED FIRE SUPRESSANT WHICH IS INSTALLED IN THE PLACE WHERE THERE IS AN INSTANT FIRE CATCHUPS AND MORE SEVERE CONDITIONS HERE AFTER • LIFE OF THE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS WATER TYPE

10 YEARS

CO2

15 YEARS

CLEAN AGENT (FM-200)

10 YEARS

• TEST INTERVALS IS ABOUT 3 YEARS FOR FIRE EXTUINGUSHERS AND 5 YEARS FOR CO2 EXTUINGUISHERS AND FIRE EXTINGUISHERS MUST BE INSTALLED 1.5 METERS FROM FFL AND TRAVEL DISTANCE IS 75FT

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM • HOW TO USE FIRE EXTUINGUISHERS P-PULL THE PIN LOCK A-AIM AT THE FIRE S-SQUEEZE THE HANDLE S-SWEEP ON FIRE NOTE: NOTE THAT, NO PERSON SHOULD STAND BEHIND THE FIRE AND SHOULD USE PROPER TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS FOR A PARTICULAR FIRE (CO2,WATER etc) Fuels – solids (wood, plastic, rubber etc ) Liquids – petrol, diesel etc Gases – propane, Butane etc Dangerous because they are already used in natural state required for ignition

FIRE FIGHTING (FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND TYPES) COLOUR CODES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

FIRE FIGHTING (NOZZELS USED IN FIRE FIGHTING) • TYPES OF NOZZLES USED IN FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM HYDRANT NOZZLE, FIRE HOSE PIPE NOZZLE

FIRE FIGHTING (FITTINGS IN FIRE FIGHTING) • TYPES OF FITTINGS USED IN FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM TO CONNECT OR , TO REDUCE, TO INCREASE, TO TURN, TO BEND etc.

• GROOVED FITTINGS • FLANGED FITTING • THREADDED FITTING

TYPES OF FITTINGS

• FLANGE FITTING

• THREADDED FITTINGS

FITTINGS IN FF

FITTINGS IN FF

• BUTT WELD FITTINGS • Butt weld fittings are used wherever liquid, gas, chemical and other fluid are created, processed, transported, especially in large size piping system. Such as Oil and gas industries, Midstream, Shipbuilding, Power plants, Food plants, Pharmaceuticals, etc

FIRE FIGHTING (FITTINGS IN FIRE FIGHTING) • FITTINGS USED IN FIRE FIGHTING TO THE TWO PIPES GROOVED T FITTING THREADDED FLANGED T

FIRE FIGHTING VALVES • VALVES USED IN FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

FIRE FIGHTING VALVES • ZONE CONTROL VALVE IN FIRE FIGHTING • Zone control valve is a combined unit of 4 parts: signal butterfly valve, waterflow indicator, pressure gauge and test & drain valve. • They are assembled on fire pipeline to separates the fire area into small distribution zone for indication and control. Because of fire sprinkler or test valve activation, the indicator detects water flow and transmits signal to control system. After fire suppression, butterfly valve gets signal and shut down the water flow for recovering the system.

FIRE FIGHTING (FIRE HOSE CABINETS) • FIRE HOSE CABINET IS A CABINET IN WHICH WE HAVE TO INSTALL THE PIPE CONNECTION ON EACH FLOOR FIRE HOSE CABINET CONSISTS OF : LANDING VALVE (WHICH IS USED IN EVERY FLOOR AND EVERY CABINET) FIRE HOSE REEL DRUM (DIA 65 MM & 7 BAR PRESSURE OR 2 ½ “ ) CLASS 1 FIRE HOSE PIPE (35 METERS) NOZZLE OR SHORT BRANCH PIPE PIPE OF 1” OR 1 ½” AND 2-3 BAR PRESSURE & LENGTH 35 METERS CLASS 2 FIRE HOSE STAND IS OF THREE TYPES CLASS 1,2 & 3 CLASS 1 + CLASS 2 = CLASS 3

FIRE FIGHTING (FIRE HOSE CABINETS CLASS) • FIRE HOSE CABINETS CLASS 1 AND CLASS 2 COMBINELY INSTALLED IT BECOMES CLASS 3 FIRE HOSE CABINET

FIRE FIGHTING LANDING VALVE • LANDING VALVE IS LIKE A WATER SUPPLY VALVE TO EACH FLOOR OR IT IS ALSO CALLED AS WATER OUTLET TO WHICH WE CONNECT THE PIPE FOR FIRE SUPPRESSION

FIRE FIGHTING (FIRE FIGHTING DEPARTMEN CONNECTION) • CIAMIS VALVE OR FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTION OR BREECHING INLET OR COLLECTING HEAD • IF THERE IS A FIRE, FIRE DEPARTMENT WILL COME AND DIRECTLY GIVE SUPPLY OF WATER TO CIAMIS VALVE AND THERE WILL BE SUPPLY OF WATER IN THE BUILDING IN DRY RISING MAIN PIPE AND ON EACH FLOOR THROUGH LANDING VALVE OR TO THE CABINET FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF FIRE

FIRE FIGHTING (SPRINKLER SYSTEM) • SPRINKLER IS A HEAT ACTIVATED FIRE EXTINGUISHER WHICH CONSISTS OF HIGH EXPANSION LIQUID IN IT WHICH EXPANDS ON SENSING HEAT AND BURSTS TO SUPRESS THE FIRE IN ITS RANGE.

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM • TYPES OF FIRE FIGHTING SPRINKLERS PENDENT TYPE- FOR PROTECTION BELOW FALSE CEILING UPRIGHT SPRINKLER- FOR PROTECTION BELOW FALSE CEILING SIDE WALL SPRINKLER – FOR THE CORNER WALLS HIDDEN OR CONCEALED SPRINLER – FOR GOOD LOOKING ESFR(EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST RESPONSE) TYCO COMPANY FOR FIRE FIGHTING COMPANY SFFECO-SAUDI FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT COMPANY etc MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN SPRINKLERS IS 6FT AND FROM WALL TO SPRINKLER IT IS 7.5 FT

FIRE FIGHTING SPRINKLER TYPES AND THEIR TEMPERATURE RANGES

FIRE FIGHTING--SPRINKLER CALCUALTIONS • IT CONSISTS OF 5MM BULB FOR STANDARD RESPONSE AND 3MM BULB FOR QUICK RESPONSE BASED ON THE TEMPERATURE AND ITS RANGES • DIFFERENT TYPES OF COLOURED SPRINKLER ARE MANUFACTURED THE COLOURS INDICATES THE VARIOUS TEMPERATURES AT WHICH BULB BURST AND THE SPRINKLER OPERATES • IN BULB THE LIQUID HAS HIGH CO-EFFICIENT OF EXPANSION AND WHEN IT GAIN HEAT FROM THE SURROUNDING ITS PRESSURE INCREASES AND IT BURSTS • IN SPRINKLER WE HAVE TO MAINTAIN A FLOW OF 20 GPM (NEARLY 80 LITERS/MINUTE) • “DAMIT” CONTROL BAG ARE USED TO SEAL THE FLOW OF CONTINOUS WATER FROM THE SPRINKLER AFTER SUPPRESSING OR COMPRESSING THE FIRE Spare Sprinklers: A set of spare sprinkler heads shall be provided in a cabinet together with sprinkler spanners as per NFPA-13 requirement for use in removing and installation of the heads AND EVERY SPRINKLER HAS A SIN NUMBER

FIRE FIGHTING • TYPES OF SPRINKLER PIPING SYSTEM • PIPE SIZING IS DONE BY PIPE SIZER SOFTWARE 1. BRANCHED SYSTEM THERE MUST BE ONLY “8” SPRINKLERS IN A LINE NOT MORE THAN THAT

FIRE FIGHTING 2. GRIDDED SYSTEM

FIRE FIGHTING 3. LOOPED SYSTEM

FIRE FIGHTING • SPRINKLER CALCULATION

FIRE FIGHTING SPRINKLER SYSTEM • TYPES OF FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM 1. WET PIPE FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM: WET TYPE OF FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM IS MOST COMMON TYPE OF FIRE SPRINKER SYSTEM IN USE. IN A WET TYPE OF FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM THE WATER IS DIRECTLY STORED INTO THE PIPES & RELEASED BY HEAT ACTIVATED SPRINKLER HEADS. THIS TYPE OF FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM HAS THE ADVANTAGE OF BEING ABLE TO ACTIVATE INSTANTLY, WITH NO LAG TIME WHEN THE FIRE SPRINKLER HEADS OPEN. 2. DRY PIPE FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM : DRY PIPE OF FIRE SPRINKLER IS SIMILAR TO WET PIPE, EXCEPT THE WATER IS NOT STORED IN THE PIPES. INSTEAD, THE PIPES ARE FILLED WITH PRESSURISED AIR OR NITROGEN GAS. WHEN THE SPRINKLER HEAD OPENS, THE GAS IS RELEASED & A VALVE OPENS THAT ALLOWS THE WATER TO FLOWS OUT THROUGH THE OPEN FIRE SPRINKLER HEADS, WHILE THIS CAUSES THE SLIGHT DELAY IN WATER DISCHARGE , IT IS USEFUL IN BUILDINGS WHERE WATER COULD FREEZE IF IT IS KEPT IN THE PIPE

FIRE FIGHTING SPRINKLER SYSTEM 3. DELUGE FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM: A DELUGE FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM IS VERY SIMILAR TO A WET PIPE FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM, EXCEPT THE FIRE SPRINKLER HEADS ARE KEPT OPENED AT ALL THE TIMES-THEY ARE NOT ACTIVATED BY HEAT INSTEAD, DELUGE FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM ARE OPERATED BY A SPECIALIZED FIRE ALARM WHICH CAUSES THE VALVE TO OPEN AND RELEASE THE WATER. ONCE THE VALVE OPENS IT CANT BE CLOSED UNTIL THE VALVE TURNED OFF MANUALLY DELUGE FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM IS NOT COMMONLY USED IN HOMES AND OFFICES. INSTEAD, THEY ARE USED IN PLACES WHERE RAPID FIRE IS A CONCERN YOU CAN USUALLY SEE THE DELUGE SYSTEM NEAR HIGH RISE WINDOWS, WARE HOUSES BAY ENTRIES OR ANY WHERE ELSE WHERE A FIRE COULD ESCAPE QUICKLY

FIRE FIGHTING SPRINKLER SYSTEM 4. PRE-ACTION FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM: A PRE ACTION FIRE SPRINKLER SYTEM IS BASICALLY A COMBINATION OF WET PIPE AND DRY PIPE FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM. BASICALLY, WATER IS NOT STORED IN THE PIPES UNTIL A FIRE DETECTION DEVICE DETECTS A FIRE. AT THIS POINT, THE DETECTION DEVICE OPENS A VALVE TO LET THE WATER IN BEFORE THE SPRINKLER HEAD OPENS. THE PRE-ACTION FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM REACTS AS QUICK AS A WET PIPE FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM A PRE-ACTION SYSTEM IS A DOUBLE INTERLOCK SYSTEM, WHICH ITS THE WATER TO SPRINKLER PIPING UPON THE ACTIVATION OF DETECTION DEVICES AND AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS NOTE: PRE ACTION FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM ARE BEST SUITED FOR AREAS THAT ARE AT HIGH RISK FOR SERIOUS WATER DAMAGE IN THE EVENT OF ACCIDENTAL FIRE SPRINKLER ACTIVATION

FIRE FIGHTING (WATERLESS SYSTEM) OR FM-200 • FM200 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM (PIPE NETWORK) • Fm200 (HFC-227ea, Heptafluoropropane) is a colorless, odorless and low-toxic gas which is liquefied stored in cylinders and dispensed into the hazard as a nonconductive vapor to put out the fire. It is especially suitable for electrical fire, and also available for Class A, B and C fire. It is usually used in computer room, telecommunications facility, library, archive store, base station, battery room, laboratory, etc.

PLUMBING DESIGN FIRE MAIN : A FIRE MAIN IS ALEADING WATER SUPPLY FROM THE MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY TO THE BUILDING. A-ASH- (WOOD,PAPER etc.) B-BARREL-(OIL,PETROL,KEROSENE,GASOLINE etc) C-CO2-(ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT) D-DYNAMITE (EXPLOSIVE) K-KITCHEN-(OILS AND FATS) F-FM200-FOAM

FIRE FIGHTING PIPE MATERIALS

FIRE FIGHTING

• BRANCH PIPE ING BELOW BEAM • THE DRAWING WHICH GIVES YOU THE DETAIL OF WALL OPENINGS AND SLAB OPENINGS IS CALLED AS BUILDERS WORK

Pipe size

A (min dimension)

25 DIA to 40 DIA

225 to 400 MM

65 DIA

250 MM TO 400 MM

FIRE FIGHTING PIPES AND MATERIAL • The most commonly used steel pipe for sprinkler systems is black steel pipe. Copper tubing is another piping material listed for sprinklers in NFPA 13. Also, plastic pipe (namely, VC and PEX tubing) is permitted for certain types of sprinkler systems.

FIRE FIGHTING (FIRE SUPPRESSANTS) • INTUMESCENT IS A SUBSTANCE WHICH SWELLS AS A RESULT OF HEAT EXPOSURE, THUS INCREASING IN VOLUME AND DECRESING IN DENSITY WHICH HELPS IN CONTROLING OR STOPPING THE FIRE TO EXCEED MORE

FIRE FIGHTING • FIRE DAMPERS ARE USUALLY INSTALLED IN FIRE RATED WALLS • FIRE CURTAINS FOR FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM • SMOKE CURTAINS WITH ROLLER BLINDS AND DRAPES(VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DRAPES) • FIRE FIGHTING LIFTS WHICH HAS FIRE RATED WALLS CAN WITHSTAND FIRE UPTO 2 HOURS • EVACUATION SAFETY MEASURE WITH EXIT ACCESS SYMBOLS FOR THE STAIR CASE AND SHOULD PROVIDE STAIR WELL PRESSURIZATION FOR THE STAIR CASE AS A VENTILATION • DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO DOORS IS ½ OF THE DIAGONAL DISTANCE IS MINIMUM

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM • DEMAND CONTROL VENTILATION SYSTEM IN CAR PARKING (PPM) • CO ( CARBON MONOXIDE ) SENSORS AND GAS DETECTORS ARE USED IN CAR PARKING • DETECTORS ARE INSTALLED AT 1.5 METERS FROM FFL(FINISH FLOOR LEVEL) • SMOKE DETECTORS AND HEAT DETECTORS ARE USED IN FIRE FIGHTING FOR SMOKE MANAGEMENT AND HEAT SYSTEM IN KITCHENS.

FIRE FIGHTING • HAZARD = HAZARD IS A WORD WHICH DESCRIBES A. TYPE OF HAZARD B. HOW FAST THE FIRE WILL BURN C. HOW MUCH HEAT A FIRE WILL GENERATE THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAZARD AND DEPENDING UPON THE TYPE OF AREA WE WILL SELECT THE HAZARD TYPE BASICALLY THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF HAZARDS THEY ARE SINGLE HAZARD (ONLY FOR PARTICULAR AREA) MULTIPLE HAZARD(IF THERE ARE TWO OR MORE THAN TWO HAZARDS IN A SINGLE AREA OR SPACE THEN IT IS CALLED AS MULTIPLE HAZARD LIKE KITCHEN WITH HALL ATTACHED etc)

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

• HAZARD CLASSIFICATION AND FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM USED TYPES OF HAZARDS BASED ON NFPA STANDARDS TYPE OF HAZARD

WHERE TO USE

LIGHT HAZARD

OFFICES, INSTITUTES, BEDROOMS etc

ORDINARY HAZARD GROUP 1

BELOW 3M (9-10 FT) CAR PARKINGS, CELLARS etc

ORDINARY HAZARD GROUP 2

EXCEED TILL 12 FT GARAGE, MALL etc

EXTRA HAZARD GROUP 1

RUBBER MANUFACTURE INDUSTRY, SAW MILLS

EXTRA HAZARD GROUP 2

SPRAY PAINTING COMPANIES, PETROL – PUMPS ETC

FIRE FIGHTING • Find out the type of hazard from the following