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Lecture Notes COURSE HOME SYLLABUS
This page contains slides reviewing each lecture by the graduate students in the class. All student work is used with permission. Some lectures were also accompanied by handouts containing images from textbooks and other sources. These citations are provided at the end of the page for further reading. SES #
TOPICS
1
Introduction
REVIEWS
IMAGES
CALENDAR Diagrams of the stereographic projection and cubic crystal poles, sources unknown.
LECTURE NOTES ASSIGNMENTS 2
EXAMS
Basic crystallography; BC C , FC C , HC P structures; Miller indices; crystal symmetry; stereographic projection
Drawings of the hexagonal close-packed lattice in "C lose-Packing of spheres." From Lecture 1, Fundamental Aspects of Solids and Sphere Packing. Heyes, S. J. Structures of Simple Inorganic Solids. Oxford C ollege, 1999. (PDF)
Fig. 1.33 in Reed-Hill Fig. 2-38 in C ullity Table 3.1 in C ourtney
COURSE MATERIALS
fcc (111) stereographic projection for MEIS (PDF)
3
4
C rystal shear stress and yielding; Burgers' vector; introduction to edge, screw, and mixed dislocations; stress, strain, and stored energy
(PDF) (C ourtesy of Leslie Dewan. Used with permission.)
Dislocation energy; stress fields; movement of dislocations
(PDF - 1.2MB) (C ourtesy of Leslie Nachbar. Used with permission.)
Diagrams of edge and screw dislocations in lattices, sources unknown. Fig. 4.22, 4.23 in Reed-Hill Fig. 3.16 in C ourtney / Fig. 2.5 in Read
Fig. 4.15 in Reed-Hill (PDF)
TEM of dislocations in Si, source unknown. Fig. 4.9, 5.1 in Reed-Hill 5
6
Dislocation interactions; PeachKoehler equation; effects on material behavior; Frank-Read sources; observing dislocations
(PDF)
C rystal structures and their slip systems; dislocation shear stress resolution; using stereographic projections
(PDF)
Fig. 11.1b, 12.2 in Read Fig. 3.41 in C ourtney Fig. 4.14 in Forwood, C . T., and L. M. C larebrough. Electron Microscopy of Interfaces in Metals and Alloys. Bristol, England: Adam Hilger, 1991. ISBN: 9780750301169.
Fig. 11.1b in Read Fig. 5.27 in Reed-Hill (PDF)
Table of stacking fault energies for Ag, C u, Ni, and Al, source unknown.
7
Applying stress; cross-slipping; dislocation locking; jogs and partials
Fig. 3.9, 5.3, 5.6, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 in Hull & Bacon (PDF)
Fig. 6.42a,b in Gottstein, Günter. Physical Foundations of Materials Science. New York, NY: Springer, 2004. ISBN: 9783540401391. (PDF)
8
More dislocation interactions; Orowan looping; work hardening; polycrystal deformation
(PDF)
Fig. 1 in C hilds, C . B., and L. M. Slifkin. "Dislocations and nuclear particle tracks in silver chloride crystals." British Journal of Applied Physics 16 (1965): 771-777. Fig. 4.23 in C ourtney (PDF)
9
Twinning
(PDF) (C ourtesy of Genevieve Russo, et al.
Fig. 17.1a, 17.3, 17.5, 17.6, 17.16 in Reed-Hill Fig. 1a, 2b, 3a in C hen, Mingwei, et al. "Deformation Twinning in Nanocrystalline Aluminum." Science 300 (May 23, 2003): 1275-
ocw.mit.edu/courses/materials-science-and-engineering/3-40j-physical-metallurgy-fall-2009/lecture-notes/
1/3
3/7/13
Lecture Notes | Physical Metallurgy | Materials Science and Engineering | MIT OpenCourseWare Used with permission.)
10
Heating metals; dislocation climb; recovery; annealing
11
Annealing; recrystallization; polygonization; coarsening; JMAK analysis
12
Recrystallization; nucleation; grain growth; effects of temperature, strain, grain size, impurities
13
Review for Exam 1
14
Exam 1
15
Alloying and deformation; forces on dislocations
16
Solid solutions; strengthening; annealing; diffusion kinetics
1277. (PDF)
Fig. 8.5, 8.8, 8.12, 8.13 in Reed-Hill (PDF - 1.6MB) (C ourtesy of Danny C odd. Used with permission.)
Fig. 11.1b in Read
Fig. 1.1a,c,d, 4.9b in Humphreys Fig. 9.8 in Hosford
Fig. 1.1, 6.4, 6.8a, 6.10a in Humphreys (PDF)
(PDF)
(PDF) (C ourtesy of Leslie Nachbar. Used with permission.) Fig. 5.13b,c in C ourtney (PDF)
Fig. 9.12 in Reed-Hill (PDF)
17
Precipitate hardening; heat treatment; effect of time and temperature on microstructure
(PDF)
18
Precipitate hardening; phase boundaries; mechanisms; size effects
(PDF)
Graph of strengthening in nickel via different sizes of Ni3 Al precipitates, source unknown.
Fig. 4.2c, 4.6 in Fuller, C hristian B. "Temporal Evolution of the Microstructures of Al(Sc,Zr) Alloys and Their Influences on Mechanical Properties." Ph.D Thesis, Northwestern University, 2003. (PDF - 1.9MB)
19
C ontributions to precipitate hardening; phase diagrams; kinetics; Ostwald ripening; TTT diagrams
(PDF - 1.2MB)
Fig. 2 (View Online), 6 (View Online) in "Plate Steels." Fig. 16 in "C ast Irons." Fig. 135 in "Aluminum Alloys." Fig. 31 (View Online) in "Lead and Lead Alloys." Fig. 52 (View Online) in "Titanium and Titanium Alloys." Fig. 104 (View Online) in "C opper and C opper Alloys." Vol. 9, Metallography and Microstructures. ASM Handbook, 9th ed. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1985. ISBN: 9780871700155. Fig. 371, 1047, 2709 in Vol. 7, Atlas of Microstructures for Industrial Alloys. ASM Handbook, 8th ed. Metals Park, OH: ASM, 1972. (PDF)
20
Intra-particle stresses; isostrain and isostress; modulus limits; contiguity and percolation
(PDF) (C ourtesy of Leslie Dewan. Used with permission.)
Introduction to steel; Fe-C phase diagram; phases and microstructures
(PDF) (C ourtesy of Genevieve Russo. Used with permission.)
Fig. 18.1, 18.2, 18.9, 18.30 in Reed-Hill
21
Fig. 3 in "Microstructures, Processing, and Properties of Steel." Vol. 1, Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and HighPerformance Alloys. ASM Handbook, 10th ed. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1990. ISBN: 9780871703774. Fig. 157 in "C arbon and Alloy Steels." Vol. 9, Metallography and Microstructures. ASM Handbook, 9th ed. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1985. ISBN: 9780871700155. Fig. 18.2, 18.9, 18.28, 18.30, 19.14, 19.17 in Reed-Hill
22
Steel properties
(PDF)
Fig. 2, 3, 17 in "Microstructures, Processing, and Properties of Steel." Vol. 1, Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and HighPerformance Alloys. ASM Handbook, 10th ed. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1990. ISBN: 978-0871703774. Fig. 107, 157 in "C arbon and Alloy Steels." Vol. 9, Metallography and Microstructures. ASM Handbook, 9th ed. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1985. ISBN: 9780871700155.
23
Steel (cont.)
24
Exam 2 Nanocrystalline metals; properties,
Fig. 18.34, 18.36, 18.37 in Reed-Hill
(PDF) (C ourtesy of Danny C odd.
ocw.mit.edu/courses/materials-science-and-engineering/3-40j-physical-metallurgy-fall-2009/lecture-notes/
2/3
3/7/13
Lecture Notes | Physical Metallurgy | Materials Science and Engineering | MIT OpenCourseWare 25
dislocations, and grain boundaries; applications
26
C onclusions
Used with permission.)
Image Sources Reed-Hill, Robert E., Reza Abbaschian, and Lara Abbaschian. Physical Metallurgy Principles. 4th ed. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning, 2008. ISBN: 9780495082545. Cullity, B. D., and S. R. Stock. Elements of X-Ray Diffraction. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001. ISBN: 9780201610918. Courtney, Thomas H. Mechanical Behavior of Materials. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, 2005. ISBN: 9781577664253. Read, William T. Dislocations in Crystals. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1953. Hull, Derek, and David J. Bacon. Introduction to Dislocations. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001. ISBN: 9780750646819. Humphreys, F. John, and Max Hatherly. Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena. Oxford, England: Pergamon, 1996. ISBN: 9780080426853. Hosford, William F. Physical Metallurgy. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2005. ISBN: 9780824724214.
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Home » Courses » Materials Science and Engineering » Physical Metallurgy » Lecture Notes
Lecture Notes COURSE HOME SYLLABUS
This page contains slides reviewing each lecture by the graduate students in the class. All student work is used with permission. Some lectures were also accompanied by handouts containing images from textbooks and other sources. These citations are provided at the end of the page for further reading. SES #
TOPICS
1
Introduction
REVIEWS
IMAGES
CALENDAR Diagrams of the stereographic projection and cubic crystal poles, sources unknown.
LECTURE NOTES ASSIGNMENTS 2
EXAMS
Basic crystallography; BC C , FC C , HC P structures; Miller indices; crystal symmetry; stereographic projection
Drawings of the hexagonal close-packed lattice in "C lose-Packing of spheres." From Lecture 1, Fundamental Aspects of Solids and Sphere Packing. Heyes, S. J. Structures of Simple Inorganic Solids. Oxford C ollege, 1999. (PDF)
Fig. 1.33 in Reed-Hill Fig. 2-38 in C ullity Table 3.1 in C ourtney
COURSE MATERIALS
fcc (111) stereographic projection for MEIS (PDF)
3
4
C rystal shear stress and yielding; Burgers' vector; introduction to edge, screw, and mixed dislocations; stress, strain, and stored energy
(PDF) (C ourtesy of Leslie Dewan. Used with permission.)
Dislocation energy; stress fields; movement of dislocations
(PDF - 1.2MB) (C ourtesy of Leslie Nachbar. Used with permission.)
Diagrams of edge and screw dislocations in lattices, sources unknown. Fig. 4.22, 4.23 in Reed-Hill Fig. 3.16 in C ourtney / Fig. 2.5 in Read
Fig. 4.15 in Reed-Hill (PDF)
TEM of dislocations in Si, source unknown. Fig. 4.9, 5.1 in Reed-Hill 5
6
Dislocation interactions; PeachKoehler equation; effects on material behavior; Frank-Read sources; observing dislocations
(PDF)
C rystal structures and their slip systems; dislocation shear stress resolution; using stereographic projections
(PDF)
Fig. 11.1b, 12.2 in Read Fig. 3.41 in C ourtney Fig. 4.14 in Forwood, C . T., and L. M. C larebrough. Electron Microscopy of Interfaces in Metals and Alloys. Bristol, England: Adam Hilger, 1991. ISBN: 9780750301169.
Fig. 11.1b in Read Fig. 5.27 in Reed-Hill (PDF)
Table of stacking fault energies for Ag, C u, Ni, and Al, source unknown.
7
Applying stress; cross-slipping; dislocation locking; jogs and partials
Fig. 3.9, 5.3, 5.6, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 in Hull & Bacon (PDF)
Fig. 6.42a,b in Gottstein, Günter. Physical Foundations of Materials Science. New York, NY: Springer, 2004. ISBN: 9783540401391. (PDF)
8
More dislocation interactions; Orowan looping; work hardening; polycrystal deformation
(PDF)
Fig. 1 in C hilds, C . B., and L. M. Slifkin. "Dislocations and nuclear particle tracks in silver chloride crystals." British Journal of Applied Physics 16 (1965): 771-777. Fig. 4.23 in C ourtney (PDF)
9
Twinning
(PDF) (C ourtesy of Genevieve Russo, et al.
Fig. 17.1a, 17.3, 17.5, 17.6, 17.16 in Reed-Hill Fig. 1a, 2b, 3a in C hen, Mingwei, et al. "Deformation Twinning in Nanocrystalline Aluminum." Science 300 (May 23, 2003): 1275-
ocw.mit.edu/courses/materials-science-and-engineering/3-40j-physical-metallurgy-fall-2009/lecture-notes/
1/3
3/7/13
Lecture Notes | Physical Metallurgy | Materials Science and Engineering | MIT OpenCourseWare Used with permission.)
10
Heating metals; dislocation climb; recovery; annealing
11
Annealing; recrystallization; polygonization; coarsening; JMAK analysis
12
Recrystallization; nucleation; grain growth; effects of temperature, strain, grain size, impurities
13
Review for Exam 1
14
Exam 1
15
Alloying and deformation; forces on dislocations
16
Solid solutions; strengthening; annealing; diffusion kinetics
1277. (PDF)
Fig. 8.5, 8.8, 8.12, 8.13 in Reed-Hill (PDF - 1.6MB) (C ourtesy of Danny C odd. Used with permission.)
Fig. 11.1b in Read
Fig. 1.1a,c,d, 4.9b in Humphreys Fig. 9.8 in Hosford
Fig. 1.1, 6.4, 6.8a, 6.10a in Humphreys (PDF)
(PDF)
(PDF) (C ourtesy of Leslie Nachbar. Used with permission.) Fig. 5.13b,c in C ourtney (PDF)
Fig. 9.12 in Reed-Hill (PDF)
17
Precipitate hardening; heat treatment; effect of time and temperature on microstructure
(PDF)
18
Precipitate hardening; phase boundaries; mechanisms; size effects
(PDF)
Graph of strengthening in nickel via different sizes of Ni3 Al precipitates, source unknown.
Fig. 4.2c, 4.6 in Fuller, C hristian B. "Temporal Evolution of the Microstructures of Al(Sc,Zr) Alloys and Their Influences on Mechanical Properties." Ph.D Thesis, Northwestern University, 2003. (PDF - 1.9MB)
19
C ontributions to precipitate hardening; phase diagrams; kinetics; Ostwald ripening; TTT diagrams
(PDF - 1.2MB)
Fig. 2 (View Online), 6 (View Online) in "Plate Steels." Fig. 16 in "C ast Irons." Fig. 135 in "Aluminum Alloys." Fig. 31 (View Online) in "Lead and Lead Alloys." Fig. 52 (View Online) in "Titanium and Titanium Alloys." Fig. 104 (View Online) in "C opper and C opper Alloys." Vol. 9, Metallography and Microstructures. ASM Handbook, 9th ed. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1985. ISBN: 9780871700155. Fig. 371, 1047, 2709 in Vol. 7, Atlas of Microstructures for Industrial Alloys. ASM Handbook, 8th ed. Metals Park, OH: ASM, 1972. (PDF)
20
Intra-particle stresses; isostrain and isostress; modulus limits; contiguity and percolation
(PDF) (C ourtesy of Leslie Dewan. Used with permission.)
Introduction to steel; Fe-C phase diagram; phases and microstructures
(PDF) (C ourtesy of Genevieve Russo. Used with permission.)
Fig. 18.1, 18.2, 18.9, 18.30 in Reed-Hill
21
Fig. 3 in "Microstructures, Processing, and Properties of Steel." Vol. 1, Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and HighPerformance Alloys. ASM Handbook, 10th ed. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1990. ISBN: 9780871703774. Fig. 157 in "C arbon and Alloy Steels." Vol. 9, Metallography and Microstructures. ASM Handbook, 9th ed. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1985. ISBN: 9780871700155. Fig. 18.2, 18.9, 18.28, 18.30, 19.14, 19.17 in Reed-Hill
22
Steel properties
(PDF)
Fig. 2, 3, 17 in "Microstructures, Processing, and Properties of Steel." Vol. 1, Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and HighPerformance Alloys. ASM Handbook, 10th ed. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1990. ISBN: 978-0871703774. Fig. 107, 157 in "C arbon and Alloy Steels." Vol. 9, Metallography and Microstructures. ASM Handbook, 9th ed. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1985. ISBN: 9780871700155.
23
Steel (cont.)
24
Exam 2 Nanocrystalline metals; properties,
Fig. 18.34, 18.36, 18.37 in Reed-Hill
(PDF) (C ourtesy of Danny C odd.
ocw.mit.edu/courses/materials-science-and-engineering/3-40j-physical-metallurgy-fall-2009/lecture-notes/
2/3
3/7/13
Lecture Notes | Physical Metallurgy | Materials Science and Engineering | MIT OpenCourseWare 25
dislocations, and grain boundaries; applications
26
C onclusions
Used with permission.)
Image Sources Reed-Hill, Robert E., Reza Abbaschian, and Lara Abbaschian. Physical Metallurgy Principles. 4th ed. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning, 2008. ISBN: 9780495082545. Cullity, B. D., and S. R. Stock. Elements of X-Ray Diffraction. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001. ISBN: 9780201610918. Courtney, Thomas H. Mechanical Behavior of Materials. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, 2005. ISBN: 9781577664253. Read, William T. Dislocations in Crystals. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1953. Hull, Derek, and David J. Bacon. Introduction to Dislocations. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001. ISBN: 9780750646819. Humphreys, F. John, and Max Hatherly. Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena. Oxford, England: Pergamon, 1996. ISBN: 9780080426853. Hosford, William F. Physical Metallurgy. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2005. ISBN: 9780824724214.
COURSES
ABOUT
DONATE
FEATURED SITES
ABOUT MIT OPENCOURSEWARE
» Find by Topic » Find by Course Number » Find by Department
» About OpenCourseWare » Site Stats
» Make a Donation » Why Donate?
» Highlights for High School » edX
MIT OpenCourseWare makes the materials used in
» OCW Stories » OCW Consortium
» Become a Course
» Media Coverage » New sletter
» Our ers » Other Ways to Contribute
» Help & FAQs » Us
» Press Releases » OCW's Next Decade
» Shop OCW » Become a Corporate
» Advanced Search » Site Map
» Audio/Video Courses » OCW Scholar Courses » Most Visited Courses » New Courses » Translated Courses » Supplemental Resources
Champion
Sponsor
TOOLS
the teaching of almost all of MIT's subjects available on the Web, free of charge. With more than 2,000 courses available, OCW is delivering on the promise of open sharing of knowledge.
» Privacy & of Use
OUR CORPORATE ERS
© 2001–2012 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Your use of the MIT OpenCourseWare site and materials is subject to our Creative Commons License and other of use.
ocw.mit.edu/courses/materials-science-and-engineering/3-40j-physical-metallurgy-fall-2009/lecture-notes/
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