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Manhattan 1 Issue The issue stated people who make decisions based on emotion and justify those decisions with logic afterwards are poor decision makers, seems to be justified. There are two ways of making a decision: either emotionally or logically. Intelligent thinkers have always preferred logical decision making instead of emotional thinking. There is often a saying "Don't bring emotions in between your work". This proverb is mostly used in Business profession when people tend to mix their professional life with their personal life. It is very important to differentiate between personal life and professional life so that one does not bring emotional aspects in professional life. Various sessions or seminars are conducted in many organisations to help them differentiate between the two as if the two are mixed, it might result in loss of company. There can be various side effects if an individual brings emotional aspects in between his/her work. It can hamper the progress of work, reduce the efficiency of the final output, and sometimes often leading to wrong decisions. Our history is full of many discoveries, and the inventors leading new discoveries have always preferred logical decisions over emotional ones. Just imagine what would our present be if Albert Eistein would have married, had kids and gives more time to his family rather than on creating new discoveries. It would have greatly affected his job as well as our present. Those who are making emotional decisions first followed by its justification not only affects their work but it can also affect the people who are closest to the individual, and sometimes often the society as well. Another example is of Elon Musk, CEO of SpaceX. Elon had invested all his money for the first 3 missions of SpaceX trying to get the rocket in Earth's orbit, but all of them failed and he had very little money for the fouth launch. If he would have thought emotionally then and quit SpaceX, it wouldn't have been such a huge success for SpaceX.Finally, a person should always think logically.

Argument The argument stated by the writer to combat the Vitamin A deficiency among people in the impoverished nation of Tasus by urging government to promote new breed of millet, although at first seems to be convincing and justified enough, lacks certain evidences of how this new breed of millet might prove to be useful for people of Tasus. Firstly, the writer has never mentioned that the new breed of millet high in vitamin A is similar to other millet. Although, it is mentioned that millet is a staple food in Tagus but it might be possible that millet discovered by scientists might not have traits similar to that of a regular millet such as flavor or taste, color, etc and hence might not be accepted by all the people. The writer needs to present evidences regarding the similarities in new ilk of millet and a normal millet to justify the argument. Secondly, the author has mentioned that seeds for this new ilk of millet cost more. This statement, in some way or the other suggests that the items or food made by new millet might be costly due to higher price of millet. Although, seeds are provided to farmers at a subsidized rates, nowhere has it been mentioned that people of Tagus have to pay less for purchasing the new breed. Hence, it might not be consumed by many people due to its high price. The author clearly needs to provide evidence regarding the cost of millet for people of Tagus. Lastly, the author has simply mentioned that new breed of millet is discovered by scientist high in Vitamin A, but the writer forgot to mention its effects. This new breed must be tested first whether it can be consumed by a person in his food intake or not. There might be some lethal effects of the new ilk of millet although it is rich in Vitamin A. The author needs to provide evidence that the new breed of millet is tested by the engineers and is safe for use. The points stated above are very important to be justified before the government promotes the new breed of millet to avoid Vitamin A deficiency from people of Tagus. The argument fails to provide evidences to promote the use of new breed by the governme

Manhattan 2 Issue The issue stated by the author asking more emphasis to be put on the picking worthy goals for young people who are often advised to follow their dreams due to the fact that many people's dreams are inherently selfish seems to be correct but if done so, might result in hampering the dreams of young people and there can be many more effects of this. Young people should have the liberty to think freely to explore their interest and what they want to achieve in their life. Only by dreaming without any influence would a person be able to know what truly he wants with the life. By emphasizing them to pick worthy goals, others are not helping them, instead they are hindering the dreams of young people. Instead of emphasizing them to pick worthy goals, elders should teach young people not to be greedy or selfish and what can be the effects of being selfish for the persons who are closely attached to him/her or for the whole mankind. Young children have young minds and they dream artistically. If we keep telling them which dreams to think or which goals to select, they might lose their interest in the new goals which are told by their elders and might not able to focus on it. Hence, we should always the child to dream but also teach him juxtaposically about the side effects of being selfish. For example, Elon Musk, if told by others to quit Tesla or SpaceX after their constant failures would have lost faith in himself and we would be unaware of what his true potential is. A selfish person will always remain selfish as its his nature. Dreams won't have such a huge impact on his/her life in becoming selfish as his/her nature contributes in being greedy. It is the job of elder people to teach young people not to be selfish. Finally, the conclusion is that dreams of young people should not be hindered in any way, rather we should teach them not to be greedy in their life as their nature will automatically influence their dreams.

Argument The argument stated forcing Seatown to institute a free-tuition policy for its professors for the purpose of enhancing morale among the faculty and luring new professors based on the study conducted at nearby Oceania University, at first seems to be true but lacks certain key evidences which weakens the argument. Firstly, the argument simply mentions that faculty retention is higher when professors are offered free tuition at the university for their own college-aged children. But nowhere does the argument tell significance on the morale of professors. It simply tells that faculty retention is high when free tuitions are offered, it does not tell the relationship between the increased retention and the morale of professors. Hence, the argument must provide evidence which proves the increased retention enhances the morale among the faculty. Secondly, the study is conducted only at nearby Oceania University which is one of the many Universities in Seatown. The results of one University cannot be generalized for the entire Seatown city. Other Universities might or might not show similar results. To bolster the argument, it must be proved that result carried out at Oceania University is valid throughout the universities of Seatown. Thirdly, the results does not show anything in order to lure new professors by the free tuition offered at Oceania University. It might be possible that new professors are lured because of the great reputation of the University or free tuition or for any other reason. The study conducted by faculty committee must consider all the above evidences before President announces free tuition at Seatown. Finally, the argument lacks certain evidences which if mentioned properly might bolster the argument

Manhattan 3 Issue . Teaching a foundation of logical reasoning is very important for students to excel in their lives, achieve what they want, lead new discoveries, create new ideas, etc ; but, it is equally important to teach moral values in order to be balanced in the society. In order to produce a moral society where everyone is kind to others, talk decently and maintain a decorum, a foundation of morality is the key factor to build such a society. Children should be taught how to behave right from the beginning. A set of moral values should be embedded into their mind such that they can differentiate what is good and what is bad both for themselves and for the society. However, teaching only moral values will do no good; it is very important to teach to be logical so that they can achieve their dreams and become a succesful person who can do some good for the society. It is very important to maintain a proper balance between logical teaching and morality. Moral teaching is the foundation for a Moral society. It is very important to be moral to persons who are lower in status than you to encourage them to work harder. Elon Musk, founder of Tesla and SpaceX, if taught only to be logical would not have accomplished such huge achievements if he would not be moral because it is very important that the whole team should work rather than himself for which he needs to behave morally. Lets take another example of a multinational company. If the employers are not behaving properly and giving to respect to the workers in the company, it would lead to poor relations between

employees and the worker would have a harmful effect on the company's growth. Some other examples includes Mother Teresa and Mahatma Gandhi, who, if not moral would be just like anyone else. But, it is the moral values inside them that helped the nation. It is very important to teach to be logical, however, it is equally iportant to behave morally in order to produce a amoral society for a better fu

Argument The argument stated by the author that the company should not devote further resources to the investigation of pet food since all the chemicals used in the product were approved for use in pet food, at first seems to be logical, lacks certain evidences, which in order to bolster the argument might prove to be fruitful. Firstly, the company stated that all the chemicals in the pet food are approved and none of them are harmful for pets. This statement alone does not completely justifies why the company should stop investing further on pet food, because it didn't mention what are the effects of chemical, rather focused simply on chemicals that are not harmful. It might be possible that a mixture of certain innocuous chemicals might be the cause for vomiting, lethargy and other similar activities occuring with pets. For example, a mobile company Samsung recently launched Galaxy S7, which contains all the certified components in it approved to be used by the customer, but due to some reasons, the battery caught fire. Samsung then recalled Galaxy S7 and focused heavily on the reason behind this fire. If they would have said that all the components are approved for the and they are not responsible, then people would have lost faith in Samsung products and the company would see a major decline in the growth of its products. Secondly, the company recalled 4 million pounds of pet food in response to the complaints ed for deleterious effect of the food on pets. This amount is huge and hence it is absurd to say that the company is not responsible for the

vomiting, lethargy in pets consuming the food. If it would be fault on 's end, the recalled amount of food would be less. There must be some defect in the product itself, that is why the company recalled such a huge amount. Finally, it is impossible to test each and every sample. It might be impossible that the company checked only the samples not containing any harmful chemicals and there are a lot more samples which the company did not check which might contain chemicals harmful for the pets. The company should invest further in order to see a larger sample size and focus on effects of the chemicals. The pet food company recalled 4 million pounds. This means that there must be some flaw in company's end and hence must devote for the investigation in order to maintain its reputation among the customers.

Manhattan 4 Issue As the technology is getting better and better day by day, it is trying to save a lot of time. Nowadays, mass media and internet tell any news in a concise and brief format focusing only on the relevant information; thus helping us to reduce our attention spans to get shorter. This is very effective as it saves a lot of our time, but a news too brief can deviate from the actual news. Moreover, it is very important to distinguish between good channels, sites and others as many news channels often try to make up fake stories. Internet has proved out to be very effective in delivering brief news in a better format with pictures and videos so that a normal can easily digest the relevant information out of it. There are manny sites such as The NewYork Times, The Hindu, Atlantic Daily, etc which provides very brief news in the front page and if one likes to get deeper knowledge, he/she can click that particular news and go in depth of it. In this way, a person is able to focus only on the news which they want and still get a gist of other news. This saves a lot of time.

Mass Media and Internet are a step towards the future of the News Industry as they edit the irrelevant news and gives a better understanding of the news to the customer. However many news channels try to make up counterfeit stories in order to attract customers, such that they are able to increase their TRP Rating. For example, there are many fake stories of crime and rape cases being shown in India to attract the customers. This leads to misrepresentation and many times can often create trouble for the government. It is very important to distinguish between a good and trusted source of news with the others. Mobile Apps have proved to be very effective in providing news to the s. They keep providing news within each hour and thus provides news in less time. NewsInShorts is one of the best app which tries to provide news within 60 words and helps a person in getting a gist of all news and if someone wants to go in deep of that news, one can click on it and get a detailed version of the news. Mass Media and Internet are very helpful in delivering good, brief news in less words focusing only on the relevant information, but it is important to have a knowledge of good and trusted source of news.

Argument The argument stated by the author about Pirouttes Ballet School being the best choice for any child in Elmtown due to its intensive dance programs and having many professional dancers as its alumni may seem convincing at first, but lacks many evidences in order for the argument to be firm and solid. Firstly, the author has mentioned that Pirouttes Ballet School is the best school for any child. This statement, although seems to be convincing at first glance lacks a major point. The school is a Ballet School and will focus mainly on dance programs, hence it is good for a child aspiring to become a dancer. But, what about any other children? There must be many children in Elmtown who wants to become Enginner, Doctor and thus wants to focus more on Maths, Sience and other subjects. If Pirouttes Ballet School is the best choice for any child, the author must clearly certify that it excels in all fields and not just dance. Secondly, the author has mentioned that many of the alumnis of the school have become professional dancers with top dancing companies. This is because those students were dedicated and ionate enough to become dancers. This does not mean that the Pirouttes School is the only school to produce dancers. There

might be many other schools who have produced good dancers. Moreover, just because Pirouttes School has many students who have become Professional dancers does not mean that all the current children will also become Professional Dancers. Thirdly, the author has mentioned that teachers of Pirouttes School have danced in most prestigious ballet companies all over the world. Also, the Pirottes provides the most intensive dance programs in Elmtown. These statements however very convincing at first does not justify why Pirouttes is the best option for any child. The author has to certify whether the teaching of dance is provided in a better way. It is not important to provide intensive programs but to focus on good way of teaching of those programs. The Pirouttes School is a good option for a child aspired to become a dancer, but for it to be the best choice for any child living in Elmtown, the author needs to focus on these points.