Ppt:-fire Fighting System 112qw

LIJIN RAJ

NATURE OF FIRES Three essential needs for fire

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Fuel Combustible gas, liquid or solid Oxygen burning Heat To bring fuel to its ignition point

THE FIRE TRIANGLE

FIRE TETRAHEDRON

CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES  Four 

Class A 

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Liquids, such as gas, alcohol, oil and grease

Class C 

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Paper, wood, textiles and rubbish

Class B 

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classes of fires

Electrical

Class D 

Occur in certain metals like magnesium, sodium, potassium, titanium or zirconium

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How is Heat Removed from a Fire

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WATER 

Freshwater 

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Sprinklers, and “Hi Fog”

Seawater (via fire-pumps) 

Hoses, coarse sprinklers (and drenchers!)

FIRE MAIN SYSTEMS The fire main is a system consisting of sea inlet(s), suction piping, fire pumps and a distributed piping system supplying fire hydrants, hoses and nozzles located throughout the vessel.  Its purpose is to provide a readily available source of water to any point throughout the vessel which can be used to combat a fire and is considered the backbone of the fire fighting systems onboard a vessel. 

SPRINKLER SYSTEM 

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Automatic FRESH water spray

The automatic spray or sprinkler system provides a network of sprinkler heads throughout the protected spaces. This system may be used in accommodation areas, and in machinery spaces with certain variations in the equipment used and the method of operation. The accommodation areas are fitted with sprinkler heads which both detect and extinguish fires. Sprinkler head is closed by a quartzoid bulb which contains a liquid that expands considerably on heating.

FOG 

Hi Fog droplets are extremely small, increased surface area causes them to flash into steam, latent heat is absorbed, steam generated displaces oxygen.

HI-FOG fire protection for accommodation.mp4

Fire

Hose Nozzles

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These nozzles are usually of the jet/spray type providing either type of discharge as required. All the working areas of the ship are thus covered, and a constant supply of seawater can be brought to bear at any point to fight a fire.

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While sea water is best used as a cooling agent in fighting Class A fires it is possible, if all else fails, to use it to fight Class B fires.

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The jet/spray nozzle would be adjusted to provide a fine water spray which could be played over the fire to cool it without spreading.

firemain and hose reel system (manual actuation)

Gas, Foam, Dry Chemical Extinguishing System

CO2 

AND HALON

CO2 puts out fires by reducing the oxygen content of the air. Halon 1301 (BTM) and Halon 1211 (BCF) are high speed suppression agents which, unlike other extinguishing agents, instead of cooling the fire or displacing oxygen interrupt the chemical chain reaction of combustion.

CO₂Flooding system (manual or automatic actuation)for machinery compartments

DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS 

Dry chemical extinguishing systems are designed to combat Class B (flammable liquids and gases) and Class C (electrical) fires. In marine application, portable, wheeled and fixed dry chemical systems are found on loading docks, tanker decks, cargo holds, machinery spaces; in fact any area where fuels, flammable vapours or electrical equipment are present and where fire will spread especially fast.

FOAM EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS Firefighting foam is used to form a blanket on the surface of flaming liquids. The blanket prevents flammable vapors from leaving the surface and prevents oxygen from reaching the fuel.  A fire cannot exist when the fuel and oxygen are separated, and therefore, a properly placed foam blanket will smother the fire.  In addition, the water in the foam also has a cooling effect, which gives foam the ability to cool surrounding structure to help prevent flash back. 

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER A fire extinguisher, flame extinguisher, or simply an extinguisher, is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations. It is not intended for use on an out-of-control fire, such as one which has reached the ceiling, endangers the , or otherwise requires the expertise of a fire department.  Typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a hand-held cylindrical pressure vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish a fire. 

THE FOUR TYPES OF FIRE EQUIPMENT 1.

2.

3.

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Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher– it has a black band around the body and is used for extinguishing electrical and liquid fires. Foam Fire Extinguisher – this has a yellow band around the body and is used for extinguishing oil fires. Water Fire Extinguisher – this has a red band contained between two thin white bands around the body. It is used to extinguish paper, wood and cloth. CO2 Fire Extinguisher – this has a black band around the body and is used to extinguish electrical and liquid fires. , only the Dry Powder and CO2 extinguishers should be used on electrical fires.

DETECTION SYSTEMS AND FIRE ALARM A fire, if detected quickly, can be fought and brought under control with a minimum of damage. The use of fire detection devices is, therefore, increasing particularly in view of reduced manning and unmanned machinery spaces.  Three phenomena associated with fire are used to provide the alarm: smoke, flames, and heat. 

FIRE CONTROL PLANS 

The Fire Control Plan provides vital information that is crucial for the rapid and efficient action of the vessel's crew during a fire.

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Standardized Symbols

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