Presentation Of Trust School 266412

Prepared By: Muhammad Yahya

 The

systematic study and description of a language. *(Richard Nordquist)

 English

Grammar is made up from the following building blocks including Letters, Vowels and Consonants, the Sentence Subject and Predicate, the Paragraph, Syllables and Words and Divisions of English Grammar.

A

vowel is a letter which makes a distinct sound by itself. The vowels in the English language are:

A E I O U

Examples: He is an M.A.

 The

word consonant is used to refer to a letter of an alphabet that denotes a consonant sound.

 Consonant

letters in the English alphabet are B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Z

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Sentences are an assemblage of words so arranged as to convey a determinate sense or meaning, in other words, to express a complete thought or idea. No matter how short, sentences must contain one finite verb and a subject or agent to direct the action of the verb.

 Examples:

walk;" .

"Birds fly;" "Fish swim;" "Men

Sentences always contains two parts, something spoken about and something said about it.  Subject: The word or words indicating what is spoken about form what is called the subject  Predicate: The word or words indicating what is said about it form what is called the predicate 

Examples: In the short sentences given above, birds, fish and men are the subjects, whilst fly, swim and walk are the predicates

 The

paragraph may be defined as a group of sentences that are closely related in thought and which serve one common purpose.  First Sentence of a paragraph - Introduce the topic - tell the reader what the paragraph will be about.  Middle Sentences - These provide information about the topic and provide ing details, facts and examples.  Final sentence - The last sentence should enforce the main idea of the paragraph.

A

syllable is a distinct sound produced by a single effort such as shall, pig, dog.

 In

every syllable there must be at least one vowel.

A

word consists of one syllable or a

combination of syllables



Adverbs are mainly used to modify verbs. They are used to express when, where, how, for what reason or to what degree an action is performed.



An adverb is a word that adds information to a verb, an adjective or an adverb.

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The commonest way to form an adverb is to add the letters 'ly' to the adjective



Examples: Brightly, very, quickly, beautifully, quietly.



Examples (adverbs in bold):

1.

The mad season starts in August. (when)

2.

Toby played in the garden. (where)

3.

She ran quickly. (how)

4.

As it has stopped raining, the game can continue. (reason)

5.

They dance more gracefully. (degree)

 Adjectives

are descriptive words.

An adjective is a word which qualifies a noun, that is, shows or points out some distinguishing mark or feature of the noun. Examples: A black dog - An angry man - A round theatre

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Descriptive adjectives can be divided into different categories such as : Colors are adjectives Colors - examples: black, blue, white, green, red Sizes Sizes - examples: big, small, large, thin, thick Shapes Shapes- examples: triangular, round, square, circular Qualities Qualities- examples: good, bad, mediocre

Personality Traits Personality - examples: happy, sad, angry, depressed  Time related Time - examples: Yearly , monthly, annually  Age related Ages - examples: new, young, old, brand-new, second-hand  Sound related Sound related - examples: loud, noisy, quiet, silent  Touch related Touch related - examples: slippery, sticky  Taste related Taste related - examples: juicy, sweet 

 Creative

writing can be challenging but rewarding.  Creative writing is something that you can be proud of; you will feel wonderful when you finally get your story to work out.  The average person is much more creative than he or she thinks. You will be amazed by what you come up with if you just take the time to try. Whether you want to write a short story, a novel, or jot down some poetry,

 The

following steps can hopefully help in creative writing:  Relax before writing.  Sit down and write something, anything.  Have a ion for what you are writing.  Convey emotion in your writing.  Show your work to others.  Edit thoroughly multiple times.  Come up with a topic and plot before hand.  Don't think of anything troubling that is on your mind.

 These

'rules' will help you write a better

story. 1. Try to use the words right for your kind of story. 2. No more than four named characters in your story. 3. Make your characters talk: e.g 'I don't want to marry him!' said the Princess. 4. Have a beginning, middle and an end. 5. Don't copy a story from a film, TV show or a book.

USING A MIND MAP TO WRITE STORY

Here are a few tips to help you get started developing ideas and working through them:  Pay attention! Amazing things are happening all around you. You just have to see them. "Like what," you say? Well, the next time you are out shopping, look around you and try to count the number of people you see with red hair. Paying attention to the world around you is the first step in developing ideas.  Listen! The more you listen to others, the better writer you will become. 

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Think! When somebody tells you about something, think about it for a minute. You'll be surprised how many ideas you'll get that way. E.g. Is Mrs. ABC really and truly the worst teacher in the world? Get used to writing! Start a diary. When you see something interesting or when something happens, make a note of it in your diary. Your diary doesn't have to be fancy, either. A small notebook will do. Read a book! You can find books at all kinds of places, like libraries, schools, and even grocery stores. Pick one up and start reading. About that blank piece of paper. . . . Pick up your pencil. . . . Close your eyes. . . . Write the word 'Now.' The paper is no longer blank and your story has begun.

 Lesson

Number 10 from Guided English For Pakistan