President Ferdinand Marcos Programs 71359

I. Food sufficiency A. Green Revolution

Production of rice was increased through promoting the cultivation of IR-8 hybrid rice. In 1968 the Philippines became self-sufficient in rice, the first time in history since the American period. It also exported rice worth US$7 million. B. Blue Revolution

Marine species like prawn, mullet, milkfish, and golden tilapia were being produced and distributed to farmers at a minimum cost. Today, milkfish and prawns contribute substantially to foreign exchange income. C. Liberalized Credit

More than one thousand rural banks spread all over the country resulting to the accessibility of credit to finance purchase of agricultural inputs, hired labor, and harvesting

expenses at very low interest rate. During 1981-1985, credit was available without interest and collateral arrangements. Some of the credit programs were the ff: 1. Biyayang Dagat (credit for fishermen)

2. Bakahang Barangay –ed fattening of 40,000 head of cattle in farmer backyards 3. Masaganang Maisan, Maisagana, and Expanded Yellow Corn Program –ed 1.4 Million farmers through P4.7 Billion loans from 1975-1985

4. Gulayan sa Kalusugan and Pagkain ng Bayan Programs –provided grants and loans of P12.4 Million to encourage backyard and communal production of vegetables and improve nutrition of Filipino households

5. Kilusang Kabuhayan at Kaunlaran (KKK)—ed 25,000 entrepreneurial projects through P1.8 Billion and helping 500,000 beneficiaries D. Decontrol Program

Price control polices were implemented on rice and corn to provide greater incentive to farmers to produce more. Deregulation of trading in commodities like sugar and coconut and agricultural inputs like fertilizer were done for more efficient marketing and trading arrangements.

II. Education Reform Access to free education widened during the Marcos istration. The biggest portion of the budget was allotted for Educational Programs (P58.7 Billion in 20 years). The

literacy rate climbed from 72% in 1965 to 93% in 1985 and almost 100% in Metro Manila on the same year. III. Agrarian Reform

Tenant’s Emancipation Act of 1972 or PD 27 was implemented without bloodshed. This was the first Land Reform Code our country. Since it was implemented until December 1985, 1.2 million farmers benefited, either they became the owner or leaseholder in more than 1.3 million hectares of rice and corn lands. IV. Primary Health Care

The Primary Health Care (PHC) Program made medical care accessible to millions of Filipinos in the remotest barrios of the country. This program was even awarded by United Nations as the most effective and most responsive health program among the third world countries. With PHC life expectancy increased from 53.7 years in 1965 to 65 years in

1985. Infant mortality rate also declined from 73 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1965 to 58 in 1984. V. Housing for the masses

Bagong Lipunan Improvement of Sites and Services (BLISS) Housing project had expanded the government’s housing program for the low-income group. Massive slum

upgrading projects have improved to 14,000 lots in 1985 from 2,500 in 1976. The Tondo foreshore, for instance, is one of the biggest and most miserable slum colonies in Asia was transformed into a decent community. A total of 230,000 housing units were constructed from 1975-1985.

The laws on socialized housing were conceptualized by President Marcos through a series of legal issuances from the funding, the lending, mortgaging and to the collection of the

loans. These are governed by the Home Mutual Development Fund (Pag-Ibig Fund), the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) and the National Home Mortgage Finance which remain intact up to the present VI. Energy Self-Reliance Indigenous energy sources were developed like hydro, geothermal, dendrothermal, coal,

biogas and biomass. The country became the first in Asia to use dendrothermal and in five years we became number two, next to US, in geothermal utilization. The extensive energy

resource research and exploration and development resulted to reduction of oil imports from 100% in 1965 to 40% in 1985 and in the same year, more than 1,400 towns and cities were fully energized.

VII. Export Development During 1985 textile and textile products like garments and embroideries, furniture and

rattan products, marine products like prawns and milkfish, raw silk, shoes, dehydrated and fresh fruits were exported aside from the traditional export products like coconut, sugar, logs, lumber and veneer. The maritime industry was also dominated by Filipinos wherein 50,000 seamen were employed by various world shipping companies. VIII. Labor Reform The Labor code was promulgated which expanded the concerns of the Magna Carta of Labor to extend greater protection to labor, promote employment, and human resource

development. The minimum wages of the workers were boosted through the guaranteed 13th month pay and cost of living allowances. Employment potentials of Filipinos were enhanced through skills training. During that time, there were 896,000 out-of-school youths and unemployed graduated from various training centers all over the country. IX. Unprecedented Infrastructure Growth The country’s road network had improved from 55,778 kilometers in 1965 to 77,950 in five years (1970), and eventually reached 161,000 kilometers in 1985. Construction of

irrigation facilities was also done that made 1.5 million hectares of land irrigated and

increased the farmer’s harvest and income. In addition, nationwide telecommunication systems—telephone systems, telex exchange too centers, and interprovincial toll stations were also built.

X. Political Reform The structure of government established by President Marcos remains substantially the

same except the change of name, inclusive of superficial features in laws, to give a semblance of change from that of President Marcos regime.

The only significant department that was abolished after the departure of President Marcos was the Department of Ministry of Human Settlements under Imelda Romualdez Marcos. It was dismantled but the functions were distributed to different offices.

XII. Fiscal Reform Government finances were stabilized by higher revenue collections and loans from treasury bonds, foreign lending institutions and foreign governments. XI. Peace and Order In 1966, more than 100 important smugglers were arrested; in three years 1966-68 they arrested a total of 5,000. Military men involved in smuggling were forced to retire.

Peace and order significantly improved in most provinces however situations in Manila and some provinces continued to deteriorate until the imposition of martial law in 1972.