Science Form 1 - Chapter 1.1 By Kelvin 5ur1y

SCIENCE FORM 1 - CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE BY KELVIN

CONTENTS TITLE

DATE

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1.1 WHAT IS SCIENCE

10/1/2016

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1.2 A SCIENCE LABORATY

12/1/2016 11

1.3 THE STEPS IN A SCIENTIFIC

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1.1 WHAT IS SCIENCE • Science is the systematic study of nature and how it affects us and our environment. Natural phenomena that happen nature in our environment can be explained through Science. • 1. lightning, rainbow, melting of ice, growth of a baby into an adult and the fall of ball to the ground are a few examples of natural phenomena. • 2. We want to know why and how all these things happen. We search for answers. The study of science gives us the answers. PG 3

• IMPORTANCE OF SCIENCE • Science plays important roles in our daily life. Here are some examples: • Science helps us to understand ourselves. Knowing how our body works, we can better take care of our health and safety. • Science also helps to understand our environment. This helps us to improve the quality of our environment and conserve it for our future generation

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• CAREERS IN SCIENCE • Science offers various career opportunities according to one’s area interest. Listed below are few examples: 1. Doctor 2. Engineer 3. Veterinarian 4. Pharmacist 5. Architect 6. Chemist 7. Computer programmer PG 5

• AREAS OF SCIENCE • Science is divided into a number of areas of study, namely 1. Biology - the study of living things. 2. Physics - the study of matter, energy, force and motion. 3. Chemistry - the study of the composition and chemical properties of substances. 4. Astronomy - the study of planet and stars in the Earth. 5. Geology - the study of rocks, minerals and the structure of the universe. 6. Meteorology - the study of weather and climate. 7. Biochemistry - the study of chemical process inPG living organisms. 6

Note of (1.1 WHAT IS SCIENCE ) •Definition

Science is the systematic study of nature and how it affects us and the environment. Science covers broad field of knowledge that deals with observed facts and the relationship among those facts.

•Importance of Science

Improve our standard of living. Improve quality of environment. Understand the world around us. Prevention and treatment of diseases.  Increase food supply

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Areas of science

a) Biology – Study of living things. b) Physics – Study of matter, energy, force and motion and the way they relate to each other. c) Chemistry – Study of composition, properties, reactions and uses of substances. d) Geology – Study of rocks and minerals. e) Astronomy – Study of universe. f) Meteorology – Study of weather.

Career in science

a) Doctors b) Engineers c) Pharmacists d) Teachers e) Chemists f) Architects g) Physicists

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Exercise of (1.1 WHAT IS SCIENCE )

1. What is science ? ___________________________________________________ 2. Name three natural phenomena that bring about bad effects to living things. (a) __________________________________________________ (b) __________________________________________________ (c) __________________________________________________ 3. List three benefits of science to our lives (a) __________________________________________________ (b) __________________________________________________ (c) __________________________________________________

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4. State three main branches of study in science. (a) __________________________________________________ (b) __________________________________________________ (c) __________________________________________________ 5. Give five examples of career that related to science. (a) __________________________________________________ (b) __________________________________________________ (c) __________________________________________________ (d) __________________________________________________ (e) __________________________________________________

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1.2 A SCIENCE LABORATY Laboratory Safety Rules Do not enter the laboratory without teacher’s permission. Do not take anything out of the laboratory. Read all the instruction before start any work Read the label on a reagent bottle before using its content Do not taste or smell any chemical Do not eat or drink in the laboratory Do not run and play at the laboratory Do not throw solid waste into the sink. Do not pour any unused chemical into its bottle. PG Clean apparatus that you have used. 11

Every laboratory apparatus has its precise use and the people should have the knowledge about the proper use of laboratory apparatus or  laboratory glassware. The most common laboratory apparatus and their uses are listed below: Beaker = A container used for measuring the liquid. Barrette = Used for measuring the volume of the solution. Wire gauze = used for spreading the heat of a burner(flame). Test tube brush = It is used to clean the test tube. Dropper = It is used for adding the solution drop by drop. Magnifying glass = It is used for viewing the minute objects. Filter paper = It is used for separating the liquid and the precipitate. Stirring rod = It is used for mixing the liquids or distribution of heat in a liquid by stirring. Spring balance = used for measuring the mass of the materials.

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Forceps = It is used for holding or picking up small objects. Watch glass = It is used for holding small samples of the substances on which the experiment is performed. Wash bottle = It is used for dispensing small quantities of distilled water. Test-tube holders = It is used for holding the test tubes. Test tubes = it is used for holding small samples or performing small-scale reactions Pipette - It is used for transferring one substance into another by measuring. Centrifuge - It is used for separating the materials of varying densities from a colloid. Thermometer - It is used for measuring the temperature. PH Scale - It is used for measuring the acidity or basicity of the solution. Crucible - it is used for heating a small amount of a solid substance at a very high temperature. Tripod = It is a three-legged stand that s the wire gauze while heating. Microscope = It is used for viewing the ultra minute objects by the process of magnification. Multimeter = It is used for measuring the current, voltage and resistance.

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Using a Bunsen burner Bunsen burner are used on the containers of hazardous chemical substances to show their characteristics.

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Hazard Warning Symbols

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Common Laboratory Apparatus

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Exercise

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1.3   The Step in Scientific Investigation a) Identifying the problem b) Forming a hypothesis c) Planning the experiment d) Controlling the variable e) Collecting data f) Analyzing and interpreting data g) Drawing a conclusion h) Writing a report PG 21

Step in Scientific Investigation 1. A scientific investigation is a series of steps done systematically to study a problem or an event. 2. Each step involves the use of one or more science process skills. 3. The following shows the sequence of steps involved in a scientific investigation. 4. Figure below shows some common laboratory apparatus and their uses. PG 22

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Note of (1.3   The Step in Scientific Investigation)

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SCIENTIFIC METHOD

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Step of Scientific Method

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Exercise of 1.3 The Step in Scientific Investigation

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a) __________ the problem b) Forming a hypothesis c) _______________________ d) Controlling the __________ e) _______________ data f) ________________________ g) Drawing a conclusion h) Writing a _________

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THANKS FOR SEE THIS CHAPTER…. THIS THE LAST OF THE CHAPTER 1…. NEXT CHAPTER IS COMING SOON AT 18/1/2016…..