04 1p6hy

04 True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. ____

1. All protocols are routable.

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2. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) reports on the success or failure of data delivery.

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3. If a device does not know its own IP address, it can still use ARP.

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4. The command used to view IP information on a Windows XP or Windows Vista workstation is ifconfig.

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5. If your network does not need or use APIPA, it must be uninstalled to avoid conflicts. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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6. T is a(n) ____ subprotocol. a. open-ended c. connection-oriented b. indiscriminating d. connectionless 7. A(n) ____ number is the address on a host where an application makes itself available to incoming or outgoing data. a. port c. destination b. source d. application 8. ____ is more efficient than T for carrying messages that fit within one data packet. a. IP c. ICMP b. UDP d. IGMP 9. A UDP header contains ____ fields. a. four c. eight b. six d. ten 10. The subprotocol that enables T/IP to internetwork - that is, to traverse more than one LAN segment and more than one type of network through a router is ____. a. T c. UDP b. ICMP d. IP 11. ____ operates at the Network layer and manages multicasting. a. IGMP c. UDP b. ICMP d. IP 12. ____ ARP table entries are created when a client makes an ARP request that cannot be satisfied by data already in the ARP table. a. Static c. Temporary b. Dynamic d. On-demand 13. In the T/IP protocol suite, ____ is the core protocol responsible for logical addressing. a. T c. IP b. UDP d. ARP 14. In IPv4 addressing, each IP address is a unique ____ number. a. 12-bit c. 64-bit b. 32-bit d. 128-bit

____ 15. In IPv4 addressing, an IP address whose first octet is in the range of 192–223 belongs to a Class ____ network. a. A c. C b. B d. D ____ 16. In IPv4 addressing, a node with an IP address of 168.34.88.29 belongs to a Class ____ network. a. A c. C b. B d. D ____ 17. In dotted decimal notation, a(n) ____ separates each decimal. a. dash c. colon b. slash d. period ____ 18. The default subnet mask for a Class B network is ____. a. 255.0.0.0 c. 255.255.255.0 b. 255.255.0.0 d. 255.255.255.255 ____ 19. In most cases, BOOTP has been sured by the more sophisticated IP addressing utility, ____. a. DNS c. DH b. RARP d. APIPA ____ 20. A(n) ____ address represents any one interface from a group of interfaces, any one of which can accept a transmission. a. anycast c. multicast b. unicast d. singlecast ____ 21. In IPv6, each address contains a(n) ____, or a variable-length field at the beginning of the address that indicates what type of address it is. a. Variable Prefix c. Format Prefix b. Address Prefix d. Field Prefix ____ 22. If the standard port number for the Telnet service is 23, a host whose IPv4 address is 10.43.3.87 has a socket address for Telnet of ____. a. 10.43.3.87/23 c. 10.43.3.87-23 b. 10.43.3.87:23 d. 23:10.43.3.87 ____ 23. In the domain name www.google.com, ____ is the top-level domain (TLD). a. http c. google b. www d. com ____ 24. ____ is a terminal emulation protocol used to log on to remote hosts using the T/IP protocol suite. a. NNTP c. Telnet b. NTP d. FTP ____ 25. ____ is a simple Application layer protocol used to synchronize the clocks of computers on a network. a. NNTP c. PING b. NTP d. ARP ____ 26. ____ is a utility that can that T/IP is installed, bound to the NIC, configured correctly, and communicating with the network. a. ARP c. Telnet b. PING d. FTP Completion Complete each statement. 27. Protocols that can span more than one LAN (or LAN segment) are ____________________, because they carry Network layer addressing information that can be interpreted by a router.

28. In the context of T/IP, a packet is also known as a(n) ____________________. 29. A(n) ____________________ is a special 32-bit number that, when combined with a device’s IP address, informs the rest of the network about the segment or network to which the device is attached. 30. ____________________ is a process of subdividing a single class of networks into multiple, smaller logical networks, or segments. 31. Whether connecting to the Internet or to another computer within a LAN, every node on a network must have a unique ____________________. Matching Match each item with a statement below: a. Well Known Ports b. ed Ports c. fully qualified host name d. resolvers e. DNS ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

f. g. h. i.

dotted decimal notation namespace host file Dynamic Ports

32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.

The most common way of expressing IP addresses. Ports ranging from 49152 through 65535; open for use without restriction. The local host name plus its domain name. The ASCII text file called HOSTS.TXT that associates host names with IP addresses. The database of Internet IP addresses and their associated names. A hierarchical way of associating domain names with IP addresses. Ports ranging from 0 to 1023; assigned to processes that only the operating system or an of the system can access. ____ 39. Ports ranging from 1024 to 49151; accessible to network s and processes that do not have special istrative privileges. ____ 40. Any hosts on the Internet that need to look up domain name information. Short Answer 41. Describe the Time to Live (TTL) field in an IP datagram. 42. Describe multicasting. 43. Describe how ARP improves efficiency of MAC-to-IP address mappings. 44. In IPv4 addressing, eight bits have 256 possible combinations.Only the numbers 1 through 254 can be used to identify networks and hosts in an IP address. Explain what the number 0 and the number 255 are used for in IPv4 addressing. 45. In IPv4 addressing, explain what is special about an address containing 127 in the first octet and how this address is used in troubleshooting. 46. Explain one way in which BOOTP and RARP are similar. Then describe two ways in which they are different. 47. Describe the DH leasing process. 48. Describe the size differences in IPv4 and IPv6 IP addresses.

49. Define and describe DDNS (Dynamic DNS).

50. Define and describe Zeroconf (Zero Configuration).

04 Answer Section TRUE/FALSE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS:

F T F F F

PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS:

1 1 1 1 1

REF: REF: REF: REF: REF:

137 145 146 149 156

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF:

138 138 142 142 142 145 146 147 147 148 148 150 151 152 157 157 158 160 168 171 171

MULTIPLE CHOICE 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS:

C A B A D A B C B C B D B C A C B D C B B

PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS:

COMPLETION 27. ANS: routable PTS: 1 REF: 137 28. ANS: IP datagram. PTS: 1 29. ANS: subnet mask

REF: 142

PTS: 1 30. ANS: Subnetting

REF: 150

PTS: 1 31. ANS: IP address

REF: 150

PTS: 1

REF: 151

MATCHING 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS:

F I C H G E A B D

PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS:

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF:

150 159 160 161 164 162 159 159 162

SHORT ANSWER 41. ANS: The Time to Live (TTL) field indicates the maximum time that a datagram can remain on the network before it is discarded. Although this field was originally meant to represent units of time, on modern networks it represents the number of times a datagram has been forwarded by a router, or the number of router hops it has endured. The TTL for datagrams is variable and configurable, but is usually set at 32 or 64. Each time a datagram es through a router, its TTL is reduced by 1. When a router receives a datagram with a TTL equal to 1, it discards that datagram (or more precisely, the frame to which it belongs). The TTL field in an IP datagram is eight bits long. PTS: 1 REF: 144 42. ANS: Multicasting is a transmission method that allows one node to send data to a defined group of nodes (not necessarily the entire network segment, as is the case in a broadcast transmission). Whereas most data transmission occurs on a point-to-point basis, multicasting is a point-to-multipoint method. Multicasting can be used for teleconferencing or videoconferencing over the Internet, for example. PTS: 1 REF: 145 43. ANS: To make ARP more efficient, computers save recognized MAC-to-IP address mappings on their hard disks in a database known as an ARP table (also called an ARP cache). After a computer has saved this information, the next time it needs the MAC address for another device, it finds the address in its ARP table and does not need to broadcast another request. Although the precise format of ARP tables may vary from one operating system to another, the essential contents of the table and its purpose remain the same. PTS: 1 44. ANS:

REF: 146

The number 0 is reserved to act as a placeholder when referring to an entire group of computers on a network - for example, 10.0.0.0 represents all of the devices whose first octet is 10. The number 255 is reserved for broadcast transmissions. For example, sending a message to the address 255.255.255.255 sends a message to all devices connected to your network segment. PTS: 1 REF: 147 45. ANS: 127 is not a valid first octet for any IP address. The range of addresses beginning with 127 is reserved for a device communicating with itself, or performing loopback communication. Thus, the IP address 127.0.0.1 is called a loopback address. Attempting to this IP number - in other words, attempting to your own machine - is known as a loopback test. (In fact, when you transmit to any IP address beginning with the 127 octet, you are communicating with your own machine.) A loopback test can prove useful when troubleshooting problems with a workstation’s T/IP communications. If you receive a positive response from a loopback test, you know that the T/IP core protocols are installed and in use on your workstation. PTS: 1 REF: 149 46. ANS: The BOOTP process resembles the way RARP issues IP addresses to clients. The main difference between the two protocols is that RARP requests and responses are not routable. Thus, if you wanted to use RARP to issue IP addresses, you would have to install a separate RARP server for every LAN. BOOTP, on the other hand, can traverse LANs. Also, RARP is only capable of issuing an IP address to a client; BOOTP has the potential to issue additional information, such as the client’s subnet mask. PTS: 1 REF: 152 47. ANS: With DH, a device borrows, or leases, an IP address while it is attached to the network. In other words, it uses the IP address on a temporary basis for a specified length of time. On most modern networks, a client obtains its DH-assigned address as soon as it logs on to a network. The length of time a lease remains in effect depends on DH server and client configurations. Leases that expire must be renegotiated for the client to remain on the network. Alternatively, s can force a lease termination at the client, or a network can force lease terminations at the server. PTS: 1 REF: 153 48. ANS: The most notable difference between IP addresses in IPv4 and IPv6 is their size. While IPv4 addresses are composed of 32 bits, IPv6 addresses are composed of eight 16-bit fields, for a total of 128 bits. The added fields and the larger address size result in an increase of 296 (or 4 billion times 4 billion times 4 billion) available IP addresses in the IPv6 addressing scheme. The addition of more IP addresses not only allows every interface on every Internet-connected device to have a unique number, but also eliminates the need for IP address conservation. With the increasing number of network-enabled devices, including handheld computers, telephones, home security systems, traffic cameras, and even pet tracking systems, the limited quantity of IPv4 addresses posed a serious bottleneck. PTS: 1 REF: 156 49. ANS: In DDNS, a service provider runs a program on the ’s computer that notifies the service provider when the ’s IP address changes. Upon notification, the service provider’s server launches a routine that automatically updates the DNS record for that ’s computer. The DNS record update becomes effective throughout the Internet in a matter of minutes.

PTS: 1 REF: 167 50. ANS: Zeroconf (Zero Configuration) is a collection of protocols designed by the IETF to simplify the setup of nodes on a T/IP network. Zeroconf assigns a node an IP address, resolves the node’s host name and IP address without requiring a DNS server, and discovers services, such as print services, available to the node, also without requiring a DNS server. PTS: 1

REF: 167