Alcatel Microwave Link Presentation 3t504q

Microwave Transmission ¾ Microwave Range

Microwave range starts from .3Ghz to 300Ghz

¾

MOST PRACTICAL RANGE

FROM 1 GHz TO 100 GHz

¾

ALCATEL MW RANGE

7-8-13-15-18-23-25-28-38 GHz

ADVANTAGES OF MW 1.

1- COST EFFECTIVE.

2.

2- SINGLE POINT MAINTENANCE.

3.

3- QUICK DEPLOYMENT ACROSS RIVERS AND MOUNTAINS.

TYPES OF LINKS

¾ TYPES OF THE LINKS ACCORDING TO CAPACITY ¾ PDH

PHYLESIOCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIRARCHY 4E1,16E1,64E1 Alcatel PDH(CM-PAK PROJECT). 4E1,8E1,16E1,32E1.

¾ SDH

SYHCRONOUS DIGITAL HIRARCHY STM-1,STM-4,STM16,STM-64. PRACTICALLY (Pakistan) USED STM-1 & XPIC(2STM-1)

PDH ▼

AUDIO FREQUENCY =3.4 Khz

INTELIGIBILITY NOT DISTURBED

▼

SAMPLING RATE = 8Khz sample/sec

TO AVOID ALISING

▼

BITS PER SAMPLE = 8 bits/sample

▼

DATA RATE = (8bits/sample )(8khz samples/sec)= 64kbps

▼

E0 = 64kbps

▼

E1 = (32 )(64Kbps) = 2.048 Mbps

ENOUGH QUANTIZATION LEVEL TO DESCRIBE THE SIGNAL

(32 CHANNELS, FIRST USED FOR SYNCHRONISATION & 16TH SIGNALING)

▼

E2 = (4)*E1 = 4 (2.048) = 8.448 Mbps

▼

E3 = (4)*E2 = 4(8.448) = 34.36 Mbps

▼

E4 = (4)*E3 = 4( 34.36) = 139.264 Mbps.

SDH

DATA RATE

STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 STM-64

155.52 Mbps 4*155.52 = 622.08 Mbps

EQUILENT PDH 63E1 252E1

4*622.08 = 2.488 Gbps

1008E1

4*2.488

4032E1

= 9.953 Gbps

TYPES OF LINKS ▼ 1.2 TYPES OF THE LINKS ACCORDING TO CONFIGURATION

¾ 1+0 ¾ 1+1 ™

1+1 HST

(EQUIPMENT PROTECTION)

™

1+1 SD

(EQUIPMENT + PATH PROTECTION +BEST METHOD TO MINIMIZE MULTIPATH INTERFERENCE.)

™

1+1 FD

™

TWIN PATH (NODAL SOLUTION)

(CHANNEL PROTECTION)

LINK BUDGET

■

RF filter loss

■

IF filter loss

MW DISH GAINS

■

DISH GAIN DEPENDS UPON FREQUENCY AND SIZE AND DISH TYPE

RADIO MODEL

OUT PUT POWER ▼ THE KEY IS SYSTEM GAIN

EMISSION DESIGNATAR

EMISSION DESIGNATAR ▼ Emission designator

FREQUENCY CHANNELS

▼

SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 4E1 FREQUENCY

SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 16E1 ▼ FREQUENCY

CAPACITY, MODULATION & BAND WIDTH

▼

AS THE CAPACITY INCREASES WE HAVE TO INCREASE BANDWIDTH OR MODULATION SCHEME,

▼

ITS DEPENDS UPON OUR CHOICE HOW TO SELECT BEST CHOICE.

MODULATION & BANDWIDTH MODULATOR 128QAM 64QAM 16QAM 8PSK 4PSK 2PSK

100MB/s supposed that 100Mb/s data is carried by different level of the modulator

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

F0

+10

+20

+30

+40

+50

FREQUENCY (MHz)

LINK BUDGET ¾ EIRP ( EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER) ¾

EIRP IS ACTUAL RF POWER MEASURED AS MEASURED IN THE MAIN LOOB.

¾

EIRP = 24 dbm – 1.7 dbm + 46.4 dbm = 68.70 dbm

¾ RECEIVER SENSITIVITY (RX THRESHOLD) IS THE WEAKEST RF SIGNAL THAT A RADIO NEEDS RECEIVE TO DEMODULATE & DECODE A PACKET OF DATA WITHOUT ERRORS. IT DEPENDS UPON BER THRESHOLD , FREQUENCY BAND , MODULATION SCHEME &. CAPACITY. IN THIS LINK BUDGET IT IS -85dBm.

▼ THERMAL FADE MARGIN (SYSTEM OPERATING MARGIN OR FADE MARGIN) FADE MARGIN= RX SIGNAL – RECEIVER SENSITIVITY = -28.35 dbm-(-85dbm) = 56.65 dbm.

LINK BUDGET ¾ FREE SPACE LOSS The Free Space Loss is predictable and given by the formula.

FSL = 92.4 + 20Log D + 20Log F FSL = Free Space Loss (dB) F

= Frequency of transmission (GHz)

D

= Distance between antennas (km).

FSL =

23.52 +24.30+ 92.4 = 140.29

¾ RX SIGNAL (dBm) RX Signal = EIRP - FSL + RX Antenna Gain – Coax Cable Loss RX Signal = 68.70dBm -140.29 + 46.4 dBi– 1.7dBm = -26.86dbm BY INCLUDING REGIONAL EFFECTS (PATH DEPENDENT LOSSES) RSL = -26.86 -1.46 = 28.32 dBm.

LINK BUDGET ¾

What Is the Minimum SOM(FADE MARGIN) Needed?

¾

Regarding the minimum SOM needed, there is no absolute answer to this question, but the higher it is, the better.

¾

Most agree that 20 dB or more is quite adequate. Some think as low as 14 dB is still good.

¾ POLARIZATION ORIENTATION OF ELECTRIC COMPANENT OF EM WAVE WITH RESPECT TO GROUND TYPES USED IN MW LINKS

HORIZONTAL

VERTICAL

CHOICE CRITERIA : VERTICAL POLARIZATION IS PREFFERED BECAUSE IT IS LESS PRONE TO NOISE & FADING, BUT TO AVOID INTERFERENCE WE ALSO USE HORIZONTAL POLARIZATION.

IDU LEDs & FUNCTIONS .

LED’s FUNCTIONS ¾ ON

GREEN WHEN POWERED ON

¾ ODUW (

)

OUT DOOR UNIT WORKING

GREEN WHEN CARRYING TRAFFIC

¾ RDI (REMOTE DEFECT INDICATION) RED WHEN THERE IS ANY MINOR OR MAJOR ALARM ON FAR END

¾ LDI

(LOCAL DEFECT INDICATION) RED WHEN THERE IS ANY MINOR OR MAJOR ALARM ON NEAR END

¾ MIN (MINOR) RED ¾ MAJ (MAJOR) RED

MINOR ALARMS MAJOR ALARMS

LED’s FUNCTIONS ¾ EOW (ENGINEERING ORDER WIRE) EOW IS COMMUNICATION PATH FOR VOICE OR DATA THIS IS TRI STSTE LED 1- GREEN

ENGINEERING ORDER WIRE FREE.

2- YELLOW

ENGINEERING ORDER WIRE BUSY.

3- YELLOW BLINKING

RECEVING A CALL

¾ ATTD (ATTENDED) YELLOW IT IS ON WHEN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BUTTON HAS BEEN PUSHED

IDU ▼ MAIN IDU

IDU ¾ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

(PUSH BUTTON)

THIS PUSH BUTTON IS USED FOR CALL .IT TURNS OFF LEDs MAJ/MIN AND TURN ON YELLOW LED.

¾ LAMP TEST

(PUSH BUTTON)

IT IS USED TO THAT LEDS ARE WORKING PROPERLY OR NOT.

¾

RESET

(PUSH BUTTON)

IT IS USED FOR THE RESET .

IDU ¾ TPH (

TELEPHONE PORT RJ-11)

EOW TELEPHONE RJ11 PORT.

¾ OS (OPERATING SYSTEM)10/100 base-T

RJ-45 PORT

ETHERNET CRAFT TERMIAL ACCESS. TWO LEDs ON IT 1- GREEN ETHERNET LINK IS UP

2- ORANGE BLINKING

TX OR RX ACTIVITY

¾ IND (DEBUG) FOR FACTORY USE ONLY OS & IND BOTH ARE 10/100 base-T INTERFACE(100MBPS OR 10MBPS OVER TWISTED PAIR CABLE

¾ ECT (EQUIPMENT CRAFT TEMINAL)

RS-232 INTERFACE

9 PIN D TYPE FEMALE CONNECTOR

IDU ¾ 8E1/DS1 (

37 PIN D-SUB FEMALE CONNECTOR)

1-8E1/DS1 TRIBUTRIES ACCESS.

¾ ESC (ENGINEERING SERVICE CHANNEL) 15 PIN FEMALE CONNECTOR ¾ ALM (ALARM HOUSEKEEPING) ¾ NMS-G703 USED TO ACCESS NE WITH ADJACENT NE.

¾

NMS-V11 USED TO ACCESS NE WITH ADJACENT NE.

¾ SCSI (SMALL COMPUTER SERIAL INTERFACE)

1+1 INTERCONNECTION

IDU ¾ POWER OPTIONS

(3 PIN CONNECTOR)

THERE ARE THREE OPTIONS 1-

48 TO

2-

24 VDC

3-

48 TO

60 VDC

20% (9.6) 20% (4.8)

60 VDC

20% (9.6)

WHY WE USE NEGATIVE VOLTAGE ( e.g. -48VDC) ? TO MINIMIZE THE INTERNAL NOISE IN – VOLTAGE THE ELECTRON FLOW IS EQUIPMENT TO GROUND SO NOISE POSSIBILITY IS LESS IN + VOLTAGE THE ELECTRON FLOW IS FROM GROUND TO EQUIPMENT SO NOISE POSSIBILITY IS HIGH

COMMISSIONING ▼ STARTING THE CRAFT TERMINAL SUPERVISION --------->

START

COMMISSIONING ▼

SHOW EQUIPMENT

COMMISSIONING ▼ NAME = initial ▼ = initialing

commissioning

commissioning

POWER CONTROL METHODS ¾ RTPC (RTPC STANDS FOR RADIO TRANSMITTING POWER CONTROL ¾ ATPC

(AUTOMATIC TRANSMITTING POWER CONTROL)

IN THIS CONFIGURATION WE SELECT THRESHOLD FOR THE POWER CONTROL ATPC MIN POWER

4 dbm

ATPC MAX POWER

24dbm

RX THRESHOLD LEVEL

-50 to-100 dbm

ATPC MAX VALUE DEPENDS UPON ACHIEVED RSL AND RX THRESHOLD LEVEL

¾ MTPC

(MANUAL TRANSMITTING POWER CONTROL)

IN THIS POWER CONTROL METHOD THE TRANSMITTING POWER IS SET BY DEFAULT TO MAXIMUM VALUE,IF WE WANT TO REDUCE TX POWER WE HAVE TO INTRODUCE ATTENEUATION IN IT.

ATPC SETTINGS

COMMISSIONING

SHIFTER & CF ¾ SHIFTER & CENTRAL FREQUENCY(CF)

¾

¾ ¾

FOR EASY IDENTIFICATION 1&2 ARE CONSIDRED TO BE LOW AND 1P & 2P ARE HIGH SHIFTER = HIGH FREQ – LOW FREQ Unis of the above entries mhz

commissioning

STATUS CHECKING

RSL CHECKING

RSL CHECK

IF FREQUENCY ▼ IF FREQUENCY (INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCE) BAND SPECIFIC ( AM,FM, VESTEGIAL ,MW etc) & EQUIPMENT SPECFIC (Alcatel, NEC, HARRIS etc) ¾

TWO MAJOR CLASSES IF TX FREQUENCY

= 340 Mhz

IF RX FREQUENCY

= 140 Mhz

& IF TX FREQUENCY

= 850 Mhz

IF RX FREQUENCY

= 450 Mhz

IF CABLE CHARACTERISTICS

¾

IF TX FREQUENCY

= 340 Mhz

¾

IF RX FREQUENCY

= 140 Mhz

¾

CABLE IMPEDENCE = 50 Ohm

¾

MAXIMUM LENGTH

¾

TNC CONNCETORS ARE USED AT EACH END.

= 300m

MW DISH PARTS ¾ REFLECTOR CONVERGE THE INCOMMING WAVES TO FEED HORN & DIVERGE THE OUTGOING WAVES TO REFLECTOR .

¾ FEEDHORN THIS IS FEED MECHANISM.

¾ SHROUDER ALLIGN THE MISS ALIGN WAVES TO MINIMISE DIFFEREACTION & REFLECTION TO MINIMIZE THE INTEFERENCE.

¾ RADOME TO PROTECT THE REFLECTOR & FEED HORN AGAINST DUST, WATER etc.

¾ ASSEMBLY TO ATTACHE THE DISH WITH POLE.

HOW TO UPGRAD FLASH CARD

¾

Check the flash card version.

¾

if the flash card is of version 2.0.2 or 2.0.3 then up gradation is required.

¾

CD of the required version.

¾

Insert the CD & make the path.

¾

After up gradation activate the upgraded version.

HOW TO UPGRAD FLASH CARD

Abnormal Condition List This option enables you to check if there is any loopback or TX Mute activation.

Abnormal Condition List This option enables you to check if there is any loopback or TX Mute activation.

TX MUTE This option helps you to avoid interference during Alignment of new link in the congested environment. Also used during alignment of SD links and XPIC links.

EVENT LOG Event log is very useful for the links which flactuates during night hours,at that time you are not on the site and you want to know the reason of fluctuations .

EVENT LOG

EVENT LOG

Loop Back

RF LOOP BACK ▼

BY RF LOOP BACK YOU CAN CHECK YOUR HARDWARE (IDU,ODU,IF CABLE,CONNECTORS),THAT THEY ARE WORKING PROPERLY

TRIBUTRY LOOP BACK ▼

BY TRIBUTRY LOOP BACK WE CAN PERFORM BIT ERROR RATE TEST .

SAVE CURRENT CONFIGURATION ™

MIB MANAGEMENT MIB INCLUDES ALL THE SYSTEM INFORMATION EXCEPT ROUTING CONFIGURATION DATA,BECAUSE IT IS CONSIDERED TO BE UNIQUE FOR EACH LINK.

BACK UP 17 ¾

BY using this option we can save NE configuration on CT( craft terminal)

¾

Write the suitable filename then click on confirm Backup to make the Back up on CT.

RESTORE & ACTIVATE ¾

SELECT ONE OF THE BACK UP

PRESS Confirm Restore

¾

By pressing the Reset previous configuration will be cancelled & new is applied.

¾

To activate new configuration click MIB

Click activate

RESET BY SOFTWARE YOU CAN RESET NE FROM THIS OPTION.

BIT ERROR RATE THRESHOLD ▼ BER = ERRORS/TOTAL NUMBER OF BITS ▼

EB (Error Block) A block in which one or more bits are in error.

▼

ES (Error Second) A second during which an error block (EB) occurs.

▼

SES (Severely Error Second)

Any second which contains more than 30% error Blocks.

▼

BBE (Background block error) An error block which is not part of SES.

▼

UAS (Unavailable seconds) Unavailable time begins after 10 consecutive SES.

PERFORMANCE

SES EXPLANATION

EQUIPMENT ALARM ¾

Alarm Replaceable Unit Problem Problem on a replaceable Unit

Replace the Unit

¾ Alarm Replaceable Unit Type Mismatch Mismatch between the installed unit and its software configuration change the software according to unit specs or change the unit.

¾ Alarm Internal communication problem connection b/w odu & idu is lost

¾ Alarm Version Mismatch Mismatch between the CT software version and the equipment software version the new software version. ¾

.

RADIO ALARM ¾ Cable LOS Problem on the IDU/ODU link cable or on the ODU itself. Check the cable (disconnected, loose connection, cut, short circuited, defective connector etc…) If the alarm remains, change the ODU.

¾ Incompatible Frequency Frequency configuration setting incompatible with the ODU specs Adjust the frequency setting with the ODU frequency range or change the ODU.

¾ Incompatible PTx (ODU) Output power out of range

¾ Tx fail (ODU) Transmitter failure

Replace the ODU

RADIO ALARM ¾ Mod fail (ODU) modulator failure

Replace the ODU

¾ Loss of frame & Rx fail (ODU) Loss of incoming frame at the antenna level. Check the received level. Check the remote station Tx path first. Check the local station Rx path. Check the antennas alignment & connection to ODU. Replace defective hardware part if any.

¾ High / Low BER High / Low Bit Error Rate at Rx side. Check the received level. Check the remote transmit path and the local receive path (Soft configuration and hardware.Investigate any frequency interference. Replace defective hardware part if any.